Tshiab Mechanism Ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Rau AKI

Mob raum raug mob (AKI) yog qhov chaw kho mob xwm txheej ceev thiab kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kabmob ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm AKI hauv ICU pawg ntseeg siab tshaj 50 feem pua, thiab txawm tias AKI mob me tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg mob tuag. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no, tsuas muaj kev txhawb nqa kev kho mob rau AKI hauv tsev kho mob, thiab tsis muaj kev kho mob zoo. Kev txwv caloric (CR) yog txhawm rau txo cov calories kom tsawg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev zam kom tsis muaj zaub mov noj, thiab nws tau raug pov thawj tias nws tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm AKI hauv cov qauv nas. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li daim ntawv thov kev kho mob ntawm CR yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua tiav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm CR hauv kev tiv thaiv AKI. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem thiab nrhiav cov hom phiaj kho mob.

Nyem rau cistanche herba rau mob raum

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2023, Roman-Ulrich Müller los ntawm University of Cologne hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab nws pab neeg tau tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb fawb "Kev Tiv Thaiv Lub Cev los ntawm Caloric Restriction Depends on Activation of the De Novo NAD plus Synthesis Pathway" hauv phau ntawv Journal of the American Society of Nephrology thiab pom tias canine zis NAD ntxiv rau biosynthesis nyob ntawm kynureninase (KYNU) kho qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm CR ntawm AKI, uas muab lub hom phiaj tshiab rau kev kho mob ntawm AKI.

Tus sau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias ob qho tib si hypoxic preconditioning (HP) thiab caloric restriction preconditioning (CR) tuaj yeem txo qis AKI los ntawm ischemia-reperfusion (IRI). Nws tau raug tswj hwm zoo tom qab CR thiab CR, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tau pom tias KYNU feem ntau tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv cov tubules ze ze ntawm tib neeg thiab nas lub raum, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1. Cov kab mob sib kis yog cov hlwb tseem ceeb hauv AKI thiab tseem ceeb heev. txhawm rau kho lub raum raug mob, yog li KYNU tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv CR tiv thaiv AKI.

Daim duab 1 CR induced siab qhia ntawm KYNU nyob rau hauv lub raum

Tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav lub luag haujlwm ntawm KYNU hauv CR tiv thaiv AKI, cov kws sau ntawv tsim KYNU systemic knockout nas KYNUnull. Knockout ntawm KYNU tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qhov pom, lub cev qhov hnyav, thiab lub raum ua haujlwm ntawm nas, tab sis KYNUnull txo qis kev tiv thaiv ntawm CR ntawm AKI. Hauv KYNUnull nas, CR pretreatment tsis txhim kho lub raum ua haujlwm thiab lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj tom qab IRI, thiab TUNEL staining kuj qhia tau tias CR tsis txo cov apoptosis los ntawm IRI, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias lub khob ntawm KYNU tshem tawm cov Kev tiv thaiv ntawm CR ntawm AKI, qhia tias KYNU yog lub hom phiaj ntawm CR.

Daim duab 2 Knockout ntawm KYNU tshem tawm cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm CR

KYNU ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tryptophan metabolism, raws li qhov xav tau, KYNUnull piv nrog KYNUWT nas tryptophan metabolism hauv nruab nrab metabolites 3OH-L-kyn thiab XA tau nce ntau, thaum 3OH-AA tau txo qis. CR pretreatment tuaj yeem nce qhov kev qhia ntawm KYNU, raws li nws txoj haujlwm, CR tuaj yeem txo qis 3OH-L-kyn, XA, thiab KynA, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tib yam kuj tau pom hauv cov ntshav nas. Tom qab IRI, 3OH-L-kyn tau nce siab- tswj nyob rau hauv lub raum ntawm KYNUnull nas, thiab CR tsis tuaj yeem txo nws qib, tab sis tuaj yeem txo qis 3OH-L-kyn qib hauv KYNUWT, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia. tias CR tswj KYNU thiab cuam tshuam rau tryptophan metabolism.

Daim duab 3 CR cuam tshuam rau tryptophan metabolism los ntawm KYNU

Ntxiv rau qhov cuam tshuam rau tryptophan metabolism, KYNU kuj tswj NAD ntxiv rau biosynthesis. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob qho tib si transcriptome thiab proteome pom tias CR tuaj yeem tsim cov enzymes ntawm NAD ntxiv rau biosynthesis txoj hauv kev, uas txo qis heev tom qab IRI, thiab CR tuaj yeem thim rov qab cov txheej txheem no thiab tswj cov qib ntawm NAD ntxiv rau biosynthesis enzymes. NAD ntxiv qib hauv lub raum tau ntsuas, thiab pom tias NAD ntxiv txo qis tom qab IRI, thiab CR tuaj yeem thim rov qab qhov txo qis ntawm NAD ntxiv, thaum qhov txo qis ntawm NAD ntxiv hauv KYNUnull nas tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab, raws li pom hauv daim duab 4 Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias CR tuaj yeem tswj hwm NAD ntxiv rau biosynthesis hauv lub raum, thiab KYNU koom nrog kev tswj cov txheej txheem no.

Daim duab 4 CR cuam tshuam rau NAD ntxiv rau biosynthesis los ntawm KYNU

NAD ntxiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau oxidative phosphorylation, yog li cov kws sau ntawv tau kuaj pom cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob mitochondrial hluav taws xob ua pa, thiab pom tias qhov nyuaj IV ntawm txoj hlab pa tsis hloov pauv ntau. Cov kws sau ntawv, yog li ntawd, tig los tshawb nrhiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm NAD ntxiv ua sirtuin cofactor. Tus sau tau kuaj pom cov protein acetylation hloov kho thiab pom tias IRI tau tswj hwm kev hloov pauv acetylation ntawm 4 cov proteins, thaum CR down-regulated acetylation hloov ntawm 7 proteins. KEGG tsom xam pom tias cov proteins no muaj feem xyuam rau lub zog metabolism, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 5. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias CR tswj cov biosynthesis ntawm NAD ntxiv los ntawm KYNU, uas cuam tshuam ntxiv rau acetylation ntawm lub zog metabolism hauv cov proteins.

Daim duab 5 CR regulatory protein acetylation

Feem ntau, cov kws sau ntawv pom tias Kynu tau txhim kho hauv lub raum los ntawm ob daim ntawv sau ua ntej ntawm HP thiab CR, thiab tshem tawm cov nas los ua pov thawj tias KYNU tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv AKI los ntawm CR. Hais txog cov txheej txheem, CR cuam tshuam rau tryptophan metabolism thiab NAD ntxiv rau biosynthesis los ntawm kev tswj hwm KYNU, thiab ntxiv kev hloov pauv acetylation ntawm lub zog metabolism hauv cov proteins. Ib lub tswv yim uas CR alleviates qhov pib ntawm AKI yog tshuaj xyuas, uas muab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev siv CR zoo dua hauv kev kho mob ntawm AKI. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qee qhov tsis txaus hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no. KYNU tseem ceeb heev hauv tryptophan metabolism, thiab nws tau qhia nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub hlwb thiab daim siab. Tus kws sau ntawv siv tag nrho lub cev knockout nas thiab tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia lub cev KYNU ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv AKI los ntawm CR, thiab cov nas tshwj xeeb knockout nas tuaj yeem siv ntxiv los txheeb xyuas seb KYNU hauv lub raum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tryptophan thiab nws cov metabolites muaj cov teebmeem immunomodulatory tseem ceeb, thiab cov kws sau ntawv tsis tshawb txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv nws. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv cov txheej txheem uas CR tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm AKI, los muab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev kho mob ntawm AKI.

Cistanche kho mob raum li cas?

Cistanche yog cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ntsuab siv rau ntau pua xyoo los kho ntau yam mob, suav nrog kab mob raum. Nws yog muab los ntawm cov stems qhuav ntawm Cistanche deserticola, ib tsob nroj nyob rau hauv cov suab puam ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cistanche yog phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside, thiab acteoside, uas tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub raum noj qab haus huv.

Kab mob raum, tseem hu ua kab mob raum, hais txog ib yam mob uas lub raum ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov khoom pov tseg thiab cov co toxins hauv lub cev, ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob thiab teeb meem. Cistanche tuaj yeem pab kho mob raum ase los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim.

Ua ntej, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov nyhuv diuretic, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov zis ntau ntxiv thiab pab tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txo lub nra ntawm lub raum thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov co toxins. Los ntawm kev txhawb nqa diuresis, cistanche kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txo qis ntshav siab, ib qho teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob raum.

Ntxiv mus, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov teebmeem antioxidant. Kev ntxhov siab oxidative, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev tsim cov dawb radicals thiab lub cev tiv thaiv antioxidant, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev mob raum. ies pab neutralize dawb radicals thiab txo Oxidative kev nyuaj siab, yog li tiv thaiv lub raum los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov phenylethanoid glycosides pom hauv cistanche tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov nyhuv anti-inflammatory. Kev mob yog lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob raum. Cistanche's anti-inflammatory zog pab txo cov zus tau tej cov pro-inflammatory cytokines thiab inhibit qhov ua kom o yuav tsum tau txoj kev, yog li alleviating o nyob rau hauv lub raum.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov teebmeem immunomodulatory. Hauv kab mob raum, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev mob ntau dhau thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Cistanche pab tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev hloov kho kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li T hlwb thiab macrophages. Txoj cai tiv thaiv kab mob no pab txo qhov mob thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau lub raum.

Ntxiv mus, cistanche tau pom los txhim kho lub raum kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho ntawm lub raum hlab nrog cov hlwb. Lub raum tubular epithelial hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev pom thiab rov nqus cov khoom pov tseg thiab electrolytes. Hauv kab mob raum, cov hlwb no tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj, ua rau lub raum ua haujlwm puas. Cistanche lub peev xwm los txhawb kev tsim kho ntawm cov hlwb no pab kho lub raum kom zoo thiab txhim kho lub raum tag nrho.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub raum, cistanche tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm yam kabmob thiab lub cev hauv lub cev. Txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob raum, vim tias tus mob feem ntau cuam tshuam rau ntau lub cev thiab lub cev. che tau pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv rau lub siab, lub plawv, thiab cov hlab ntsha, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm kab mob raum. Los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kabmob no, cistanche pab txhim kho lub raum tag nrho thiab tiv thaiv kev mob ntxiv.

Hauv kev xaus, cistanche yog cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ntsuab siv rau ntau pua xyoo los kho mob raum. Nws cov active Cheebtsam muaj diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, thiab regenerative teebmeem, uas pab txhim kho lub raum ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv ob lub raum los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntxiv. , cistanche muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm yam kabmob thiab lub cev, ua rau nws txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev kho mob raum.