Tshiab Antioxidant Cov khoom xyaw los ntawm Brewery By-Products Rau Cosmetic Formulations

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

Abstract:Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog txhawm rau ntsuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenol thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm ntau hom handcrafted beers (Ego, Alter, IFat Lux, Triplo Malto, Ubi, thiab Maior), nrog rau cov khoom pib (malts, hops, thiab poov xab), cov khoom nruab nrab, thiab cov khoom pov tseg (siv malts, hops, thiab poov xab), nyob rau hauv saib ntawm lawv siv nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tshuaj pleev ib ce formulations. Kev rho tawm los ntawm kev pib thiab siv cov qauv coj los ntawm dej lossis 70 degree cawv. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenol (Folin Ciocalteau Essay) ntawm tag nrho cov khoom brewing nyob ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb xyuas. Cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv pib hops (xws li kwv yees li ntawm 93 mus rau 155 mg GAE / g, raws li cov kuab tshuaj extraction), cov nruab nrab hauv pib malt thiab pib poov xab, thiab cov nqi qis tshaj hauv wort. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenol hauv cov npias zaum kawg yog los ntawm cov phenols uas tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov khoom xyaw sib txawv, uas yog pib malts, hops, thiab poov xab, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tseem tau pom hauv cov khoom siv. Txoj kev siv rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev ua antioxidant, Trolox equivalent antioxidant muaj peev xwm (LPPH), ferric-ion txo antioxidant parameter (FRAP), thiab radical cation scavenging kev ua si thiab txo hwj chim (ABTS) muaj zog cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig. Feem ntau, cov txiaj ntsig tau cuam tshuam cov qauv pom rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenol: tias beers tau nce ntxiv los ntawm phenols los ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xyaw pib, thiab cov khoom siv siv tseem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant uas tsis muaj teeb meem.txo cov roj cholesterolNws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias cov poov xab pov tseg feem ntau pom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov khoom pib; Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov poov xab muaj peev xwm nqus tau phenols los ntawm npias thaum brewing. Los ntawm kev xav txog kev txaus siab rau kev siv cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm kev ua zaub mov, cov khoom siv roj ntsha ntawm cov khoom pov tseg Alter brewery tau raug tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm keratinocytes (siv cov khoom ntawm malt, hop, thiab poov xab). Kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej hauv vitro hauv keratinocyte HaCaT hlwb tau ua los ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm bioactivity ntawm kev siv rho tawm. Ntawm cov siv rho tawm, siv hop thiab poov xab rho tawm tau pom lub peev xwm los txhim kho mitochondrial kev ua si thiab tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv HaCaT hlwb, ob yam ntxwv ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus, nyob rau hauv xaus, txoj kev tshawb no muaj pov thawj hais tias pov tseg los ntawm handcrafted beers tuaj yeem yog qhov nthuav ntawm phenols rau kev npaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij anti-aging tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Ntsiab lus:craft npias; brewing khoom; tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenol; kev ua haujlwm antioxidant; cytotoxicity; tiv thaiv kev laus

1. Taw qhia

Craftbeer tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe [1,2], nrog kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam [3]. Qhov kev vam meej no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab rau saj cov npias tshiab nrog cov khoom sib txawv thiab aromas [2] thiab saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev haus npias nruab nrab [4].

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

Tsis zoo li kev lag luam beers, khoom siv tes ua beers yog tsis-filtered thiab unpasteurized, thiab yog li lawv cov yam ntxwv sensorial nyob twj ywm unaltered los ntawm cov txheej txheem brewing. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidants, kuj tseem yuav raug zam.

Kev lag luam npias thiab lawv cov khoom pov tseg tau raug tshuaj xyuas rau lawv cov khoom antioxidant. Zhao et al. [5] txiav txim siab cov phenol profiles thiab cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm 34 kev lag luam npias thiab pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv tag nrho thiab tus kheej cov ntsiab lus phenolic thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant. Feem ntau cov phenolic tebchaw yog gallic thiab ferulic acids. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Ribeiro Tafulo et al. [6] txiav txim siab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm 27 lwm yam lag luam npias, siv ntau txoj hauv kev spectrophotometric. Tib xyoo ntawd, Piazzon et al., 2010 [7] soj ntsuam cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant thiab phenolic cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau hom kev lag luam beers (abbey, ale, bock, nplej, lager, pilsner, thiab dealcoholized), thiab pom ntau yam ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog homemade beers, Farcas et al. [8] txiav txim siab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus polyphenol thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, pib los ntawm cov khoom siv raw (malt thiab hop) thiab xaus nrog cov pov tseg rov qab. Lawv tau pom tias thawj zaug siab dua tag nrho cov ntsiab lus polyphenol thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw yog vim muaj cov malt thiab tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus polyphenol poob qis thaum dhau mus rau npias thiab siv malt hauv cov khoom npias kawg thiab hauv cov khoom siv malt. Cov poov xab tsis tau txheeb xyuas.

Cistanche tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev laus

Qhov tseeb antioxidant tebchaw muab tau los ntawm malt tau ua pov thawj los ntawm Zhao thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm [9], uas tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenol ntawm ntau hom malting barley. Lwm tus kws sau ntawv tau txheeb xyuas plaub caug xya phenol tebchaw los ntawm plaub hom kev lag luam npias, siv cov kua chromatography ua ke nrog cov electrospray ionization hybrid linear ion-trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry txheej txheem [10]. Tsis ntev los no, kev txheeb xyuas cov phenolic thiab nitrogen tebchaw uas tsis muaj molecular-hnyav hauv cov khoom siv tes ua beers tau ua tiav los ntawm HPLC-ESI-MS / MS kev tshuaj ntsuam [11]. Cov kws sau ntawv tau sim sib txawv ntawm hom npias, xws li IPA, Lager, thiab Weiss, raws li phenolic thiab nitrogen tebchaw, tab sis pom tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov tebchaw ntawm ntau hom npias.

Tsis ntev los no [12], 20 phenolic tebchaw, piv txwv li, gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, quercetin, xanthohumol, thiab humulone, raug xaiv thiab quantified nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv tes ua beers, wort, brewing cov khoom xyaw (barley malt, hop, thiab poov xab. ) thiab los ntawm cov khoom (barley husk, siv hop, thiab siv poov xab). Los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, nws tau pom tias muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov qauv thiab tias cov npias muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob ntawm qhov tau txais thiab txheej txheem brewing. Cov phenolic tebchaw ntawm beers feem ntau yog los ntawm barley malt, thiab, nthuav, poov xab muaj peev xwm nqus phenolic tebchaw los ntawm lwm qhov chaw.

Yog li, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidants hauv cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm kev tsim npias yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog tias ib tug xav txog kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua npias thoob ntiaj teb.

Kev siv brewery by-products los tsim cov khoom noj qab haus huv xws li tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab/los yog tshuaj pab yuav pab txhawb kev sustainability ntawm npias ntau lawm. Txoj kev tshawb no muaj ntau lub hom phiaj: ntsuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenol thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm ntau hom Italian khoom siv tes ua npias (lager, amber, triple malt, liab, thiab dub), thiab ntsuas lawv qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim khoom, nrog rau lawv cov khoom pov tseg. Kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm Alter brewery tau soj ntsuam ntawm tib neeg keratinocytes. Qhov no qhib lub sijhawm tshiab thiab nthuav dav los siv cov khoom xyaw tshiab los ntawm brewery by-products rau coSmetic formulations.

2. Kev sim

2.1. Khoom siv

11-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), (±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (TROLOX), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(98%TLC)(ABTS), gallic acid, sodium carbonate monohydrate ACS reagent, sodium acetate and ethanol(ethanol absolute grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich(Steinheim, Germany). Manganese (IV)oxidize activated(>90 feem pua) thiab Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent tau yuav los ntawm Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Anhydrous sodium acetate thiab anhydrous hlau (III) chloride tau yuav los ntawm JT Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA) thiab anhydrous sodium carbonate tau yuav los ntawm Carlo Erba (Milan, Ltalis). Tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj reagents yog qib ntsuas. Ultrapure dej yog tsim los ntawm Gradient Milli-Q (Millipore, Molsheim, Fabkis). Pib cov ntaub ntawv, handcraft beers, wort, thiab lawv cov khoom pov tseg tau ua siab zoo muab los ntawm Birrificio Collesi (Apecchio, Ltalis).

Cov yam ntxwv ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov npias uas tau tshawb xyuas hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv Table 1. Hom pib malt thiab hops tau txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov beers. Tsib sib txawv pib malts tuaj yeem siv tau, nquag sib xyaw thiab sib txawv. Perle thiab Saaz hops yog siv nyob rau hauv sib txawv proportions rau lawv txawv aromas. Tib cov poov xab, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, yog siv rau tag nrho cov npias, uas yog tag nrho cov high-fermentation hom. Kev sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv ua rau ntau hom npias (lager, amber, triple malt, liab, thiab dub) nrog cov dej cawv xws li 6.0 txog 9.0 feem pua ​​V/V.

2.2. Kev npaj ua qauv

Ua ntej kev soj ntsuam, cov khoom siv pib (malt, hops, thiab poov xab), npias, wort, thiab pov tseg (siv malt, hop, thiab poov xab) raug rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv raws li lawv lub cev lub cev, uas tuaj yeem qhuav qhuav, ntub dej. khoom, los yog turbid kua (Table 2).

Cov av ntub dej thiab cov kua dej ua ntej raug rau lyophilization ntawm qhov kub ntawm {{0}}} degree thiab siab ntawm 0.03 bar (FreeZone 1 Liter Benchtop Series77400 freeze-dryer, LABCONCO, Kansans City, MO, USA). Cov khib nyiab qhuav tau raug milling nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab txiav miller. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov qauv tau raug rho tawm. Ib qho piv txwv yog ntsuas kom zoo thiab sib cais hauv 100 mL ntawm cov kuab tshuaj (dej lossis 70 degree ethanol). Cov kua ua kua tau muab tso rau hauv lub hwj Erlenmeyer, uas tom qab ntawd kaw kom zoo. Cov qauv tau sib nqus sib nqus rau 24 teev ntawm chav tsev kub, tom qab ntawd centrifuged ntawm 12, 000 rpm ntawm 20 degree rau 10 min kom tshem tawm cov khoom uas tsis tau yaj (Zetalab CNZ-140HE, Padova, Ltalis). Cov qauv raug lyophilized thiab khaws cia ntawm -20 degree hauv 50 mL polyethylene vials nrog lub hau ntsia hlau (BD Falcon TM, BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA, USA) txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw cia zoo.

2.3. Kev txiav txim siab tag nrho Phenol Cov ntsiab lus

Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus Phenol (TPC) ntawm cov qauv tau txiav txim siab raws li Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method [13] nrog qee qhov kev hloov kho [14]. Hauv luv luv, tag nrho cov khoom khov-qhuav tau siv los npaj cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov siab ntawm 10 mg mL-1. Ib 50 μL aliquot ntawm cov tshuaj no tau ntxiv rau 150 μL ntawm Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, diluted 1: 4 nrog dej. Tom qab ntawd, 50 ul ntawm Na, CO3 saturated tov tau ntxiv. Tom qab incubation ntawm chav tsev kub rau 10 min, qhov nqus ntawm txhua qhov dej tau txiav txim siab ntawm 765 nm siv tus nyeem ntawv microplate (FLUOstar Omega, BMG Labtech GmbH, Ortenberg, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Kev ntsuas tau muab piv rau cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas ntawm gallic acid (GA), thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia raws li milligrams ntawm gallic acid sib npaug (GAE) ib grams ntawm cov khoom lag luam (mg GAE / g).

2.4. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Antioxidant Activity

Kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua npias thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm kev ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas 11-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH") radical scavenging kev ua, 2,2'-Azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS*) radical cation scavenging capacity, thiab Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (FRAP).cistanche noj redditTrolox(6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) tau siv los ua tus qauv calibration. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias mmol Trolox sib npaug / g ntawm cov qauv raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm IC50, txhais tau tias yog qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom siv kuaj yuav tsum ua rau 50 feem pua ​​​​txo qis hauv thawj DPPH, ABTS lossis hlau concentration.

2.5. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (DPPH)

DPPH dawb radical scavenging kev ua ub no tau soj ntsuam los ntawm microplate analytical assay raws li kev tshaj tawm yav dhau los[15] nrog qee qhov kev hloov kho [16]. Hauv luv luv, ib qho 50 μL aliquot ntawm cov qauv （concentration ntawm 10 mg mL-') thiab tus qauv tau ntxiv rau 150 μL ntawm DPPH nyob rau hauv kiag li ethanol nyob rau hauv ib tug 96-zoo microtitre phaj (BD FalconTM) Tom qab incubation ntawm 37 degree rau 20 min, qhov nqus ntawm txhua qhov dej tau txiav txim siab ntawm 517 nm siv tus nyeem ntawv microplate. Cov kev ua antioxidant tau suav thiab nthuav tawm piv rau Trolox tus nqi raws li kev sib npaug (1)[17] qhov twg Ag thiab A yog cov absorbances ntawm DPPH● radical tov ntawm 517 nm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov qauv tswj thiab cov qauv extract, feem.

2.6. Radical Cation Scavening Activity thiab Txo Hwjchim (ABTS)

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ABTS tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem dhau los [18] thiab siv rau 96-zoo microliter phaj ntsuas. Cov tshuaj ABTS * ntxiv (5 mM) tau npaj los ntawm oxidizing ABTS nrog MnO, hauv dej rau 30 feeb hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. A 50 μL aliquot ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov qauv (Trolox) tau ntxiv rau 150 μL ntawm ABTS * cov tshuaj hauv 96-zoo microtitre phaj (BD FalconTM).cistanche extract cov txiaj ntsigTom qab incubation ntawm chav tsev kub rau 10 min, qhov nqus ntawm txhua qhov dej tau txiav txim siab ntawm 734 nm siv tus nyeem ntawv microplate. Cov txiaj ntsig tau suav thiab nthuav tawm piv rau Trolox tus nqi raws li Kev Ua Haujlwm (2) [17] qhov twg Ag thiab A yog cov absorbances ntawm OHe radical tov ntawm 734 nm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov qauv tswj thiab cov qauv extract, raws li.

2.7. Ferric-ntev-txo Antioxidant Parameter (FRAP)

FRAP qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua npias / los ntawm cov khoom tau txiav txim siab raws li ib txoj kev luam tawm yav dhau los [19], nrog rau qee qhov kev hloov kho [20]. FRAP reagent tau npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw peb cov kev daws teeb meem hauv qab no:

1. 50mL0.3M acetate tsis pH3.6 (1.23g ntawm sodium acetate hauv 50 mL dej acidifying

nrog acetic acid);

2. 5mLofstock daws ntawm 5mMTPTZ(2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine)(15.6mg) hauv 40 mM HCl;3. 5 mL ntawm 5 mM FeCl3: 6 H2O (16.2 mg) hauv 40 mM HCl.

FRAP reagent tau kub ntawm 37 degree C ua ntej siv. Aliquots ntawm 25 μL qauv (kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 10 mg mL-1) tau ntxiv rau hauv triplicate rau hauv qhov dej ntawm 96-zoo phaj (BD Falcone). Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau pib los ntawm kev ntxiv 175 μL ntawm FRAP reagent rau txhua qhov dej. Lub phaj tau shaken tam sim ntawd hauv FLUOstar Omega phaj nyeem ntawv rau 30s thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tso cai khiav rau 10 min tom qab uas lub phaj tau nyeem ntawm lub phaj nyeem ntawv (593 nm). Ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm Trolox tau khiav ib txhij thiab siv los tsim cov calibration nkhaus los ntawm linear regression. Tus qauv nkhaus yog linear ntawm 25 thiab 800μM Trolox (TE). Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia hauv μM Trolox sib npaug (TE) gI qauv.

2.8. Cell Cultures

Tib neeg keratinocyte cell kab, HaCaT, tau niaj hnub loj hlob hauv Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), ntxiv nrog 10 feem pua ​​​​fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, 50 U / mL penicillin, thiab 50ug / mL streptomycin degree ntawm 3. Lub tshuab nqus tsev vaum nrog 5 feem pua ​​​​CO. Txhawm rau ntsuas cytotoxicity, mitochondrial kev ua, thiab intracellular ROS tsim, HaCaT hlwb tau muab noob rau hauv 96-zoo daim hlau ntawm 2 × 10 * hlwb / qhov zoo. Txhua qhov kev sim tau ua tom qab 24 teev ntawm incubation ntawm 37 degree hauv 5 feem pua ​​CO,. Rau cov kev sim nrog HaCaT hlwb, cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev siv cov extracts tau npaj hauv dej ntawm 60 mg / mL. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog tom qab ntawd diluted nyob rau hauv ib qho ua tiav nruab nrab kom tau txais qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv rho tawm.

2.9. Cytotoxicity thiab Mitochondrial Activity

Cell viability raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm {{{{10}}}}}(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl -2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) rau nws cov insoluble formazan, raws li yav tas los tau piav 21]. Hauv luv luv, HaCaT hlwb raug kho rau 24 teev nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov extract (0. HBSS) (0.5 mg / mL) rau 2 h ntawm 37 degree hauv 5 feem pua ​​​​CO. Tom qab ntxuav nrog HBSS, formazan crystals tau yaj hauv isopropanol. Cov theem ntawm forrazan tau ntsuas (570 nm, siv lim 690 nm) siv cov ntawv nyeem ntau daim ntawv lo VICTORTM X3 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). Cov cell viability tau qhia raws li feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hlwb tswj.

Mitochondrial kev ua haujlwm tau txiav txim siab los ntawm MTT, raws li tau piav qhia dhau los, nrog kev hloov pauv me ntsis [22].cistanche deserticola phivNyob rau hauv luv luv, HaCaT hlwb raug kho rau 4 h nrog DMEM 10 feem pua ​​FBS (nutrient nruab nrab) los yog Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (saline tov tsis muaj as-ham) nyob rau hauv muaj 0.03 mg / mL extract ntawm 37 degree hauv 5. feem pua ​​CO. Tom qab ntawd, kev kho mob tau hloov nrog MTT rau 2 h ntawm 37 degree in5 feem pua ​​CO2. Tom qab ntxuav nrog HBSS, formazan crystals tau yaj hauv isopropanol. Cov theem ntawm formazan uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm mitochondrial tau ntsuas (570 nm, siv lim 690 nm) siv cov ntawv nyeem ntau lub phaj VICTORTM X3 (PerkinElmer). Qhov kev ua mitochondrial tau qhia raws li feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hlwb tswj.

2.10. Intracellular ROS tsim

Reactive oxygen hom (ROS) tsim tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm fluorescent sojntsuam 2'-7'dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA), raws li tau piav yav dhau los [23](HaCaT hlwb raug kho rau 2 h nrog 0. {23}}3 mg/mL extract ntawm 37Cin 5 feem pua ​​CO2. Tom qab ntawd, qhov nruab nrab kho tau raug tshem tawm thiab 100 μL ntawm H2DCF-DA (10ug/mL) tau ntxiv rau txhua qhov dej. Tom qab 30 min ntawm incubation ntawm chav tsev kub, lub H2DCF-DA tshuaj tau hloov nrog cov tshuaj H2O2 (100 μM) rau 30 min. Ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm HaCaT hlwb raug kho nrog H2O, thiab 0.03 mg / mL extract rau 30 min.cistanche genghis khanROS tsim tau ntsuas raws li Arbitrary Units of Fluorescence, AUF (excitation ntawm 485 nm thiab emission ntawm 535 nm), siv lub multilabel phaj nyeem VICTORTM X3 (PerkinElmer). Cov ntaub ntawv raug nthuav tawm raws li kev nce ntxiv hauv ROS tsim piv rau cov hlwb tsis kho (piv txwv li, AUF ntawm cov hlwb kho nrog H, O, / AUF ntawm cov hlwb tsis kho).

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Cosmetics 2021, 8, 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8040096 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cosmetics