Neuroprotection: Txuag Los Ntawm Neuronal Tuag Hauv Lub Hlwb
Jul 02, 2024
Lub hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom puas siab puas ntsws thiab tswj hwm lwm lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub paj hlwb yog qhov tsis zoo rau exogenous lossis endogenous raug mob. Tom qab kev raug mob, kev tuag neuronal ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws neurological.
Neuronal tuag yog hais txog kev tuag lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb neuronal, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau peb lub cim xeeb.
Neurons ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub hlwb. Lawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa xov thiab khaws cia thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm peb txoj kev kawm thiab kev nco. Txawm li cas los xij, qee yam yuav ua rau muaj kev tuag neuronal, xws li hnub nyoog siab, kab mob, mob taub hau, lossis kev siv tshuaj yeeb. Yog tias ntau neurons tuag, nws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem nco xws li amnesia.
Txawm tias muaj kev pheej hmoo no, peb tuaj yeem ua cov kauj ruam zoo los tiv thaiv peb cov neurons thiab nco. Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum tswj hwm tus cwj pwm zoo, kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua, thiab noj zaub mov zoo, uas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv cov neurons thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv lub hlwb.
Qhov thib ob, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob coj tus cwj pwm phem xws li haus luam yeeb, haus dej haus cawv, thiab siv yeeb tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tuag neuronal thiab lub hlwb laus. Thib peb, peb kuj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub hlwb los ntawm kev kawm cov txuj ci tshiab, nyeem ntawv, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev mus ncig, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm neuronal tshiab thiab txhawb lub hlwb kom ua tiav.
Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias kev tuag neuronal yuav cuam tshuam rau peb lub cim xeeb, peb tuaj yeem ua cov kauj ruam zoo los tiv thaiv peb lub hlwb thiab kev nco. Txawm hais tias peb tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tuag neuronal tag nrho, peb tuaj yeem ua kom peb lub hlwb noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev ua neej nyob zoo thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo kom peb thiaj li siv tau cov hnub nyoog laus.
Nyem paub 10 txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev nco
Nws tuaj yeem pom tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev nco, thiab Cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco zoo vim Cistanche yog cov khoom siv tshuaj suav tshuaj suav nrog ntau yam tshwj xeeb, ib qho ntawm kev txhim kho kev nco.
Cov nyhuv ntawm Cistanche los ntawm ntau yam khoom xyaw uas nws muaj, suav nrog tannic acid, polysaccharides, flavonoid glycosides, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem txhawb lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv ntau txoj hauv kev.
Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tuag neuronal yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia lub hlwb ua haujlwm.Qhov Teeb Meem Tshwj Xeeb no tsom kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem hauv qab neuroprotection thiab tshawb nrhiav cov tswv yim kho mob rau kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm cov kab mob neurological.
Hauv Qhov Teeb Meem Tshwj Xeeb no, kaum cuaj cov ntaub ntawv tau luam tawm, suav nrog kaum peb cov ntawv keeb kwm thiab rau daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas txog cov ncauj lus nthuav dav uas cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov teeb meem sib txawv.
Stroke nrog rau ischemia yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg phem loj uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tuag neuronal thiab kev tuag. Kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Dong et al. [1] Kev nkag siab tam sim no ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm pathogenesis hauv ischemic stroke thiab cov kev txhim kho tshiab ntawm kev kho mob xws li nanoparticles, liposomes, thiab cell-based nanovesicles.
Nws tau raug pom tias cation-chloride cotransporters (Cs) tau qhia nyob rau hauv neurons thiab pab txhawb rau ntau lub cev muaj zog. Hauv daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas, Josiah et al. [2] tau qhia txog kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv cov kev cai ua haujlwm ntawm Cs thiab lawv cov kev taw qhia txog kev mob stroke.
Siv tus qauv nas ntawm lub ntiaj teb cerebral ischemia, Kang li al. [3] pom tias amiloride, ib qho inhibitor ntawm sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1, attenuateshippocampal raug mob los ntawm kev txo cov zinc tsub zuj zuj hauv cov nas. Hong et al. [4] tau tshaj tawm tias kev tswj hwm ntawm N-acetyl-L-cysteine, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txo cov neuronal tuag vim yog bycerebral ischemia thiab dhau-ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels hauv nas.
Jung et al. [5] piav qhia tias pyridoxine (ib daim ntawv ntawm vitamin B6) deficiencyincreases neuronal tuag tom qab ischemia los ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntshav homocysteine ntau ntau thiab lipidperoxidation, thiab los ntawm kev txo nuclear factor erythroid-2-txog yam 2 (Nrf2) qib.
Pyridoxine kuj tseem txo qis qhov muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua tshiab los ntawm kev txo cov hlwb-derived neurotrophicfactor (BDNF) qib hauv hippocampus ntawm gerbils. Markosyan et al. [6] qhia tias kev tiv thaiv triple noob therapy los ntawm adenoviral vectors nqa cov noob encoding vascularendothelial kev loj hlob yam (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), thiab neuralcell adhesion molecule (NCAM), los yog los ntawm gene-engineered umbilical cord ntshav mono Kev nthuav qhia recombinant VEGF, GDNF, thiab NCAM, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev rov qab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb ntawm nas.
Tanioka et al. [7] pom tias intra-arterialinjection ntawm lipid emulsion thaum lub sij hawm reperfusion qhia tau hais tias neuroprotective teebmeem nyob rau hauv vivorat qauv ntawm ischemic reperfusion raug mob. Siv thawj astrocyte kab lis kev cai, Mitroshinaet al. [8] pom tau hais tias cov xwm txheej zoo li ischemic txo qis kev sib txuas hauv network thiab qhov kev txhawb nqa nrog ATP nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ntau ntxiv, txhais tau hais tias astrocytes tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev teb rau kev txhawb nqa.
Siv organotypic hippocampal slices ntawm nas pups, Ort li al. [9] pom tias neithernimodipine (ib qho L-hom voltage-gated calcium channel blocker) ib leeg los yog ua ke nrog amiloride (ib qho acid-sensing ion channel inhibitor) pom tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv anin vitro ischemia qauv.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob qho tib si yaj hauv dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) txawm tias cov cell tuag ntau ntxiv, txawm hais tias cov nyhuv no tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kho nrog amiloride ib leeg. Hauv qhov no, lawv tau hais tias DMSO yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj hauv kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mobts.
Hais txog Alzheimer's disease (AD) thiab kev nco ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, ib daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Kim li al. [10] tsom mus rau qhov kev vam meej tsis ntev los no hauv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm adiponectin ntawm AD thiab nws cov txheej txheem muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog ntau hom tshuaj ntawm adiponectin hauv kev kho AD.
Siv tus qauv nas ntawm AD, Gonzalo-Gobernado li al. [11] pom tias kev tswj hwm intraperitoneal ntawm daim siab loj hlob yam tseem ceeb (LGF) rov qab kev paub tsis zoo thiab txo cov amyloid- (A ) cov ntsiab lus hauv APPswe nas uas tshaj tawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Swedish APP, nrog A plaque deposits hauv hippocampus thiab cerebral cortex.
Ye et al. [12] tau tshaj tawm tias taum pauv tau los ntawm phosphatidylserine, ib daim nyias nyias phospholipid, txhim kho kev nco ua haujlwm hauv cov nas nco tsis txaus los ntawm trimethyltin, neurotoxinaffecting lub hlwb. Hauv kev tshawb fawb tib neeg los ntawm Piotrowicz li al. [13], BDNF nce tom qab kev tawm dag zog hauv normoxia thiab hypoxia cov neeg ncaws pob tab sis kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm kev nce siab ntawm BDNF.
Tseeb tiag, BDNF ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov neurons thiab cov plasticity ntawm neuronal synapses. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm BDNF hauv neuronal plasticity thiab neuroprotection tau hais txog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Colucci-D'Amato li al. [14].
Kev qaug dab peg deteriorates txoj haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb. Huang et al. [15] pom tias peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1- (PGC-1 ) qhib los ntawm statusepilepticus tswj lub VEGF/VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) txoj hauv kev los ntawm mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase (MEK) / regulated-extracellular teeb liab kinase (ERK) signaling thiab nthuav tawm cov teebmeem neuroprotective tiv thaiv kev tuag neuronal hauv hippocampus ofrats.
Hauv qhov no, VEGF ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv neuroprotective hauv cov hlab ntsha. Kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Silva-Hucha et al. [16] summarized qhov kev koom tes ntawm VEGF rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub oculomotor system thiab lwm lub cev muaj zog neurons txog vulnerability to degeneration.
Nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, reactive oxygen hom (ROS) ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb toneuronal kev puas tsuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus. Cov qib txawv txav ntawm ROS yog tswj hwm los ntawm cellular tiv thaiv mechanisms ntawm antioxidants nyob rau hauv lub hlwb.
Ib daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Lee et al. [17] nthuav qhia lub luag haujlwm ntawm ntau yam antioxidants hauv lub hlwb thiab qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm antioxidants rau kev tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm oxidative insults.
Siv cov kab lis kev cai hippocampalslice (OHSCs), Lee et al. [18] pom tias ascorbic acid (ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant) tau zoo rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov neurons hauv OHSCs tom qab kainic acid (KA) thuam, tab sis qhov kev tiv thaiv nws txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev laus ntawm OHSCs.
Hauv Parkinson tus kab mob (PD), oxidative kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim los ntawm ROS yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm dopaminergic cell tuag.
Mimicking PD-zoo li tus kab mob kom induce cell tuag los ntawm mitochondrial oxidative kev nyuaj siab, Haque et al. [19] siv neurotoxins suav nrog 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) thiab hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) hauv tib neeg dopaminergic neuroblastoma hlwb thiab pom tias cov tshuaj inhibition los ntawm kev xaiv antagonist ntawm G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4 ) lossis genetic deletion ntawm GPR4 txo qis apoptotic cell tuag los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2)-mediated calcium signaling.
Raws li tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv ntau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los thiab qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv neuroprotection yog qhov nyuaj.
Nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ntxaws hauv qab neuroprotection tuaj yeem ua rau kev txhim kho cov tswv yim kho mob zoo rau kev tiv thaiv neuronaldeath thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm rov qab los ntawm kev raug mob neural lossis neurodegeneration.
Cov Nyiaj Txiag: Txoj haujlwm no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb los ntawm National ResearchFoundation ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim (NRF) los ntawm Ministry of Education (MOE) (NRF-2020R1A2C3008481).
Institutional Review Board Statement: Tsis siv tau.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Pom Zoo: Tsis siv tau.
Cov Lus Qhia Muaj Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Tsis siv tau.
Kev lees paub: Kuv xav ua tsaug rau txhua tus kws sau ntawv rau lawv qhov kev koom tes zoo tshaj plaws rau Qhov Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshwj Xeeb, cov neeg tshuaj xyuas rau lawv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntawv sau, thiab IJMS cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob rau lawv cov kev pab.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab: Tus sau tshaj tawm tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab.
Cov ntaub ntawv
1. Dong, X.; Gao, J.; Sau, Y.; Wang, Z. Nanomedicine rau ischemic stroke. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7600. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. Yauxiyas, SS; Meor Azlan, NF; Zhang, J. Targeting WNK-SPAK/OSR1 txoj kev thiab cation-chloride transporters rau kev kho mob stroke. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1232. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Kang, BS; Choi, BY; Kho, AR; Li, SH; Hong, DK; Yog, JH; Kang, DH; Park, MK; Suh, SW Ib qho inhibitor ntawm thesodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1), amiloride, txo cov zinc txuam thiab hippocampal neuronal tuag tom qab ischemia.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4232. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. Hong, DK; Kho, AR; Li, SH; Yog, JH; Kang, BS; Kang, DH; Park, MK; Park, K.-H.; Lim, M.-S.; Choi, BY; ua al. Transientreceptor muaj peev xwm melastatin 2 (TRPM2) inhibition los ntawm antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, txo lub ntiaj teb cerebral ischemia-inducedneuronal tuag. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6026. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. Jung, HY; Kim, W.; Hahn, KR; Kang, MS; Kim, TH; Kwon, HJ; Nam, SM; Chung, JY; Choi, JH; Yoon, YS; thiab al.Pyridoxine deficiency exacerbates neuronal kev puas tsuaj tom qab ischemia los ntawm kev ua kom oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab txo cov proliferating cell thiab neuroblasts nyob rau hauv lub gerbil hippocampus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5551. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Markosyan, V.; Safiullov, Z.; Izmailov, A.; Fadeev, F.; Sokolov, M.; Kuznetsov, M.; Trofimov, D.; Kim, E.; Kundakchyan, G.; Gibadullin, A.; ua al. Kev tiv thaiv triple gene therapy txo qhov tsis zoo ntawm ischemia-induced hlwb raug mob tom qab qauv mob stroke hauv nas. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6858. [CrossRef]
7. Tanioka, M.; Park, WK; Park, J.; Li, JE; Lee, BH Lipid emulsion txhim kho kev ua haujlwm rov zoo hauv tus qauv tsiaj ntawm mob stroke.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7373. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Mitroshina, EV; Krivonosov, MI; Burmisrov, DE; Savyuk, MO; Mishchenko, TA; Ivanchenko, MV; Vedunova, MVSignatures ntawm consolidated teb ntawm astrocytes rau ischemic yam hauv vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7952. [CrossRef][PubMed]
9. Ort, J.; Kremer, IB; Grüßer, L.; Blaumeiser-Debarry, R.; Clusmann, H.; Koob, M.; Höllig, A.; Lindauer, U. Ua tsis tiav neuroprotection ntawm kev sib xyaw inhibition ntawm L-hom thiab ASIC1a calcium channels nrog nimodipine thiab amiloride. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8921.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Kim, JY; Barua, S.; Jeong, YJ; Lee, JE Adiponectin: Lub peev xwm tswj hwm thiab kho lub hom phiaj ntawm kev rog rog thiab Alzheimer's kab mob. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6419. [CrossRef]
11. Gonzalo-Gobernado, R.; Perucho, J.; Vallejo-Muñoz, M.; Casarejos, MJ; Reimers, D.; Jiménez-Escrig, A.; Gómez, UA; Ulzurrun deAsanza, GM; Bazán, E. Kev loj hlob ntawm daim siab "LGF" ua tus kws kho mob rau Alzheimer's disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9201.[CrossRef]
12. Yog, M.; Han, IB; Kim, JS; Kim, K.; Shim, I. Neuroprotective nyhuv ntawm taum phosphatidylserine ntawm TMT-induced nco deficitsin tus qauv nas. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4901. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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