Kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog rau cov neeg tau txais kev hloov pauv hauv lub raum thiab cov neeg nyob hauv lub raum thaum lub sijhawm COVID-19
May 17, 2023
Abstract
1. Keeb kwm
Tus kab mob coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) kis thoob qhov txhia chaw tau ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws loj thoob ntiaj teb. Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raum thiab cov neeg pub raum.
2. Cov txheej txheem
Kev tshawb fawb hla ntu ntawm 497 tus neeg koom (325 tus neeg tau txais thiab 172 tus neeg pub dawb) tau ua los ntawm 1st Tsib Hlis txog rau 30 Lub Rau Hli 2020 hauv Singapore. Daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas cov lus nug tau soj ntsuam qib kev paub txog COVID-19, cov ntaub ntawv kev noj qab haus huv- pej xeem, kev noj qab haus huv, kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm COVID-19, thiab kev tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm thaum muaj kev sib kis. Kev ntxhov siab puas siab puas ntsws tau txhais tias muaj kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab, lossis kev ntxhov siab ntsuas los ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab, Kev ntxhov siab, thiab Kev ntxhov siab Scale{10}}. Linear regression analyses tau siv los ntsuas cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws siab dua.
3. Cov txiaj ntsig
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog 14.3 feem pua (95 feem pua ntawm kev ntseeg siab: 11.5–17.6 feem pua) hauv cov pejxeem; nws yog 12.8 feem pua (9.79–16.6 feem pua) hauv cov neeg tau txais thiab 13.4 feem pua (9.08–19.6 feem pua) hauv cov neeg pub dawb uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv loj (P=0.67). Cov hnub nyoog yau (21–49 vs. Loj dua lossis sib npaug li 50 xyoo), tsis muaj txij nkawm, tsis yog pej xeem Singapore, kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Malays (piv txwv li Suav), noj kev ceev faj (kev ntxuav tes), thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txaus txog COVID-19 cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub hlwb. Tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg txais thiab cov neeg pub dawb.
4. Cov lus xaus
Tsawg kawg ib ntawm kaum tus neeg tau txais kev pab thiab cov neeg pub nyiaj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum lub sijhawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw. Kev tsom mus rau kev kawm txog kev noj qab haus huv rau cov neeg hluas, cov tib neeg tsis tau sib yuav, cov pej xeem tsis yog Singapore, thiab cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws rau cov neeg txais thiab cov neeg pub dawb.
Ntsiab lus
COVID-19, Kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab, kev nyuaj siab, kev hloov hauv lub raum.
Nyem qhov no kom paubcov txiaj ntsig Cistanche rau raum
Taw qhia
Tus kab mob Coronavirus (COVID{0}}) tshwm sim tau ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb; Tshaj li 150 lab tus neeg mob uas tau lees paub thiab ob lab tus neeg tuag tau tshaj tawm los ntawm 223 lub tebchaws, thaj chaw, lossis thaj chaw txij li 27 Lub Ob Hlis 2021 [1]. Ntau lub teb chaws tau teb rau qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam nrog rau kev kaw, kev txwv kev mus ncig, kev nyob sib nrug deb, thiab kev tiv thaiv (xws li hnav lub ntsej muag) [2]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev cuam tshuam hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej, thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog yuav ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws hnyav thoob ntiaj teb. Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txog li 68 qhov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm 19 lub teb chaws tau pom tias nyob ib ncig ntawm 30 feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem thiab 55 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab (xws li mob qog noj ntshav, ntshav qab zib hom 2, COVID{15}}) muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab lossis kev nyuaj siab thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 [3, 4]. Los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab nws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam, kev cuam tshuam ceev los txo nws txoj kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem pib thaum muaj kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb.
Poj niam poj niam txiv neej, cov neeg laus, cov neeg laus, qis kev lag luam, kev tshaj tawm ntev dua, thiab cov tib neeg muaj lub cev muaj zog ua ntej tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm cov pej xeem uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev puas siab puas ntsws ntxiv [4]. Cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob raum ntev (CKD), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntev ntev tom qab kev phais mob raum, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm COVID-19 kab mob thiab kev tuag [5–7]. Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev paub, qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw tsis tau tshawb pom ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raum thiab cov neeg pub raum nyob. Qhov kev paub no yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias muaj kev ntxhov siab ntsig txog kev ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm CKD kev loj hlob thiab mob raum raug mob los ntawm 23 feem pua [8].
Yog li ntawd, peb tsom mus soj ntsuam qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm, thiab cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raum thiab cov neeg pub lub raum nyob thiab sib piv qhov sib txawv ntawm ob pawg. Peb xav tias qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum lub sij hawm tus kab mob COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw ntau dua ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raum piv rau cov neeg pub dawb, thiab cov hnub nyoog yau thiab tsis muaj kev paub txog COVID-19 yuav cuam tshuam nrog ntau dua ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws kev nyuaj siab.
Cov txheej txheem
1. Kawm tsim thiab kawm cov pejxeem
Peb tau ua ib qho kev soj ntsuam hauv tsev kho mob rau cov neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raum thiab cov neeg pub dawb uas tau txais kev saib xyuas nrog Singapore General Tsev Kho Mob (SGH). Txoj haujlwm hloov lub raum ntawm SGH muaj cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg pub dawb raws li nws cov kev soj ntsuam hauv Singapore. Qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1st Tsib Hlis mus rau 30 Lub Rau Hli 2020, uas tau tshwm sim nrog kev tsim cai lij choj thoob tebchaws. Transplant coordinators (TCs) hu rau tag nrho cov neeg tau txais (n=863) thiab cov neeg pub dawb (n=270) nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe. Txij li kev pom zoo ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis tau tso cai thaum lub sijhawm kaw, qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev hais lus tau txais los ntawm kev hu xov tooj ua ntej muab daim ntawv nug. Ib daim ntawv qhia thiab daim ntawv tso cai raug xa mus rau cov neeg koom nrog pom zoo.
Cov neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem xaiv ntawm kev muaj video lossis kev sib tham hauv xov tooj nrog TCs uas tau kawm txog kev tswj hwm cov cuab yeej lossis sau daim ntawv nug tus kheej hauv online. Txhua tus neeg tuaj koom ua qhov kev tshawb fawb ib zaug. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua ua lus Askiv lossis lus Mandarin. Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb tsis qhia npe, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub lwm tus paub tau raug lees paub. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees los ntawm SingHealth Centralized Institutional Review Board (2020/2364). Kev tshuaj xyuas rau txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau pom zoo los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb, National University of Singapore (NUS-IRB-2020-160).
Cistanche ntxiv
2. Kawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov sib txawv
Daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tau tsim ua lus Askiv thiab txhais ua lus Mandarin. Cov lus nug tau soj ntsuam (1) kev noj qab haus huv ntawm pej xeem, (2) kev noj qab haus huv, (3) cuam tshuam ntawm COVID-19, (4) cov tswv yim daws teeb meem (5) qib kev paub, (6) kev ceev faj, thiab (7) muaj cov ntaub ntawv kho mob thaum muaj kev sib kis.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm COVID-19 nyob rau hauv 4 lub lis piam dhau los, uas tau soj ntsuam los ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab, Kev ntxhov siab, thiab Kev ntxhov siab Scale −21 Cov Khoom (DASS-21) - daim ntawv nug uas tau lees paub suav nrog peb qhov subscales rau kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab vim, thiab kev nyuaj siab. Txiav tawm cov qhab nia ntau dua 9, 7, thiab 14 qhia tias muaj kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, thiab kev ntxhov siab, raws li. Cov lus Askiv version [9] thiab Suav version [10] ntawm DASS-21 daim ntawv nug tau raug lees paub hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv Singapore thiab Tuam Tshoj [10–13]. Lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, raws li tau piav qhia hauv qab no, tau muab txhais ua Suav los ntawm ob pawg neeg tshawb fawb ywj pheej (HX, YW) uas txawj lus.
Self-reported demographic characteristics included age (21–49, or>50 xyoo), poj niam txiv neej, haiv neeg (Suav, Malay, Khab, lossis lwm tus), kev ua txij ua nkawm (sib yuav los yog lwm tus), hom tsev nyob raws li tus neeg sawv cev rau kev noj qab haus huv (tsoom fwv tsev [HDB/HUDC], lossis lwm tus), kev ua haujlwm (ua hauj lwm, los yog poob hauj lwm), qib kawm ntawv (primary thiab qis dua, los yog theem nrab thiab siab dua), kev ntseeg (Buddhist, Christian, los yog lwm yam), thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej (Singaporean pej xeem los yog tsis yog pej xeem). Feem coob ntawm Singaporeans (78.7 feem pua) feem ntau nyob hauv tsoomfwv vaj tsev (HDB / HUDC) [14] thaum 16.3 feem pua yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab nyob hauv tsev ntiag tug. Hauv Singapore, 74.3 feem pua yog Suav, 13.4 feem pua yog Malays thiab 9.4 feem pua yog Khab [15]; Yog li ntawd, Indians thiab Malays tau txhais tias yog haiv neeg tsawg.
Cov neeg koom nrog raug nug kom ntsuas lawv qhov kev noj qab haus huv (tsis zoo lossis ncaj ncees, lossis zoo, zoo heev lossis zoo heev), qhia qhov zaus ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob thiab kev sab laj kws kho mob (tsis tau, lossis ib zaug lossis ntau dua), pom muaj cov tsos mob ua pa hauv lub cev. ua ntej 14 hnub, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau thawj zaug tom qab muaj mob (kev kho tus kheej lossis nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob). Rau kev noj qab haus huv dav dav, "tsis zoo los yog kev ncaj ncees" yog pab pawg neeg siv, thiab rau qhov zaus ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob thiab kev sab laj kws kho mob, "tsis tau" ua pab pawg neeg siv.
Cov neeg koom nrog raug nug txog lawv txoj kev txhawj xeeb txog lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tswv cuab hauv tsev, nyiaj txiag, kev mob hlwb, kev kho siab thiab kev nyob ib leeg, kev noj qab haus huv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, kev noj zaub mov txaus thiab tshuaj noj, nrog rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg siab hauv tsoomfwv Singapore thiab kev noj qab haus huv. tswj kev sib kis ntawm COVID-19. Cov lus teb siv 4- yam khoom Likert scale (piv txwv li, yeej tsis, qee zaum, feem ntau ntawm lub sijhawm, lossis ib txwm), tau hloov mus rau tus lej lej (piv txwv li, yeej tsis=0, qee zaum=1 , feem ntau ntawm lub sijhawm =2, thiab ib txwm =4) rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv.
Kev paub txog qib ntawm COVID{{{0}}} raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kaum nqe lus nug txog kev kis tus kab mob, kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev kho mob ntawm COVID-19 (piv txwv li, tsis hnov tsw thiab tsw qab tuaj yeem yog qhov cim ntawm COVID{{2 }}, ib.). Cov lus teb xaiv ntawm "tseeb", "false" thiab "tsis paub" raug suav ua cov qhab nia kev paub (tseem="1", cuav / tsis paub="0 "). Tag nrho cov qhab nia nyob ntawm 0 txog 10, nrog cov qhab nia siab dua sawv cev rau kev paub zoo ntawm COVID-19.
Cov lus nug txog kev ceev faj soj ntsuam seb cov neeg koom nrog nyob hauv tsev ntau npaum li cas, lossis txais kev ntsuas kev huv (piv txwv li, ntxuav tes, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, hnav lub npog ntsej muag, thiab lwm yam). Cov lus teb tau raug kaw siv 4- yam khoom Likert scale. Cov peev txheej ntawm COVID-19 cov ntaub ntawv, zaus ntawm kev hloov tshiab, thiab seb lawv xav tias cov ntaub ntawv lawv tau txais los ntawm lawv cov kws kho mob puas tau siv los ntsuas qhov muaj cov ntaub ntawv kho mob.
3. Kev txheeb cais
Cov qauv qhov loj me tau suav nrog eq. N=Z 2 × P × (1−P) / d2 qhov twg =0.05, Z =1.96, thiab d=0.1. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog kwv yees li ntawm 20 feem pua [12, 13]. Txhawm rau kom muaj lub zog txaus rau kev txheeb xyuas, peb tau tso cai cov lus teb tsawg li 40 feem pua; Yog li ntawd, qhov ntsuas qhov loj me rau txhua pawg yog 154, thiab tag nrho cov qauv loj yog 308.
Txij li feem ntau ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis tshua muaj, peb tau siv cov kev ntsuam xyuas kab rov tav los ntsuam xyuas cov koom haum ntawm cov neeg mob cov yam ntxwv thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntes cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv. Model 1 yog tus qauv univariate, thiab Model 2 suav nrog kev sib raug zoo-demographic variables. Qauv 3 muaj txhua qhov sib txawv hauv Model 1, thiab Model 4 yog tus qauv hloov kho tag nrho uas siv cov txheej txheem pem hauv ntej los xaiv cov hloov pauv nrog P<0.20 from Model 3. We further kept those variables with P<0.05 in the final model (Model 4). Interactions between patients' characteristics and patient type (recipients or donors) were examined in interaction terms in Model 2 (for socio-demographic variables) and Model 3 (for the remaining factors). All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 14.0 (College Station, TX: StataCorp LP), where a two-sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Herba Cistanche
Kev sib tham
Hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no hauv Singapore, peb pom tias tsawg kawg ib ntawm kaum tus neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raum thiab cov neeg pub nyiaj tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum lub sijhawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw. Hauv tag nrho cov pejxeem, cov hnub nyoog qis dua (21–49 piv rau ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 50 xyoo), tsis muaj txij nkawm, tsis yog neeg Singapore, kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Malays (piv txwv li Suav), noj kev ceev faj (kev ntxuav tes), thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txaus txog COVID-19 cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub hlwb. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis sib txawv ntawm cov neeg txais thiab cov neeg pub dawb. Cov kev cuam tshuam xws li kev kawm txog kev noj qab haus huv suav nrog kev txhawb nqa kev tawm dag zog lub cev, kev sib tham hauv xov tooj ntau zaus, thiab nkag mus rau kev kho mob hlwb sai lossis pab pawg online rau cov neeg laus, cov neeg tsis tau sib yuav, tsis yog pej xeem Singapore, thiab cov neeg muaj mob hnyav tuaj yeem txo tau. qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg tsis muaj zog [16–19].
Feem ntau ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov neeg mob raum uas noj qab nyob zoo (13.4 [9.08–19.6 feem pua]), tau qis dua piv rau 30 feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem feem ntau tau tshaj tawm los ntawm 68 kev tshawb fawb hauv 19 lub teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 kab mob sib kis [3, 4]. Qhov qis dua ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv Singapore piv rau lwm lub ntiaj teb kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ua ntej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob (7 feem pua [95 feem pua ntawm kev ntseeg siab: 5–9 feem pua] piv rau 26 feem pua [18–34 feem pua]) [3, 13] ib. Ntawm qhov ceeb toom, Singapore kuj muaj ib tus lej qis tshaj ntawm COVID{21}} tus neeg mob (10,473 ib lab tus tib neeg raws li 14 Lub Ob Hlis 2021) thiab kev tuag (5 tus neeg tuag ib lab tus tib neeg) [1] thoob ntiaj teb, uas zoo li yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo teb chaws teb thiab kev kho mob zoo. Tshwj xeeb, txij li thaum pib muaj tus kab mob tshwm sim, tsoomfwv Singapore tau tsim kev ua haujlwm ntawm COVID-19 cov peev txheej thiab cov kev pabcuam subscription, nrog rau cov lus qhia luv luv thiab xov xwm ntau zaus los ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm, kom cov pej xeem paub txog qhov qhov tseeb COVID{30}} xwm txheej hauv Singapore [20]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv xws li hnav lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab kev nyob sib nrug deb tau raug yuam los ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab nruj me ntsis hauv Singapore txij li lub Plaub Hlis 2020 [21], thaum lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg dawb thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab faib thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nkag mus tau yooj yim rau kev kuaj dawb COVID-19, kev sib cuag tau zoo, thiab muaj peev xwm saib xyuas kev kho mob txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ntes kev sib kis ntawm COVID-19 thiab lwm yam kev tuag; Ntau yam peev txheej thiab cov phiaj xwm kuj tau tsim sai sai rau lub hom phiaj kev cuam tshuam nyiaj txiag, thiab 24-h National Care hotlines thiab lwm lub vev xaib online tau muab los daws cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm pej xeem [22–25]. Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, ntau dua 90 feem pua ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab thiab cov neeg pub dawb tau pom muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv tsoomfwv thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Singapore los tswj kev sib kis ntawm COVID-19, uas qhia tias cov kev cuam tshuam uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg. ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws.
Nws tseem yog qhov nthuav kom pom qhov tsawg dua ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pheej hmoo siab raum hloov pauv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no (12.8 feem pua [9.79–16.6 feem pua]), uas tau qis dua piv rau 55 feem pua ntawm lwm cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ( xws li mob qog noj ntshav, hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, COVID-19) [3], thiab 39 feem pua (cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab lossis kev nyuaj siab) ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob raum kawg ntawm hemodialysis [26]. Ntxiv nrog rau cov lus teb zoo hauv lub tebchaws, kev ntxhov siab tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm kev kho mob zoo thiab kev saib xyuas hnyav los ntawm SGH txoj haujlwm hloov pauv [27]. Txij li thaum muaj tus kab mob COVID{18}} tshwm sim, SGH qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau siv ntau txoj hauv kev los txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib kis nrog rau kev hloov pauv sai sai rau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev sib tham hauv xov tooj kom txo qis cov neeg mob kis rau COVID-19 , ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg mob uas xav tau los mus rau hauv tsev kho mob, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txhawb nqa cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm kev kawm los ntawm kev sib tham hauv video [27]. Tshwj xeeb, ob qhov kev sib tham txog KEVID-19 webinars (thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, 2020, thiab Lub Tsib Hlis 30, 2020) tau tuav los txhim kho COVID-19 kev paub ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev paub, ntxiv rau kev tshaj tawm xov xwm platform rau cov neeg tau txais lub raum uas tau muab lub portal rau kev tshaj tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kev kawm thiab kev txhawb nqa rau cov phooj ywg [28, 29]. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kawm hnyav, cov neeg tau txais kev paub ntau dua COVID-19 kev paub piv rau cov neeg pub dawb thiab muaj feem ntau yuav tau txais kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (xws li kev ntxuav tes), thiab tshaj tawm tias lawv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv COVID txaus-19 los ntawm cov kws kho mob (79.3 feem pua vim 36.2 feem pua). Kev siv cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txaus txog COVID-19 yog ob qho tib si ntawm nws tus kheej cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, qhia tias kev cuam tshuam hnyav thiab kev kawm txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm SGH tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg dua ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov Cov neeg tau txais kev pheej hmoo siab raum hloov pauv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tau sau tseg tias tsuas yog 36.2 feem pua ntawm cov neeg pub dawb tau xav tias lawv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txaus los ntawm cov kws kho mob. Cov kev pabcuam hauv Singapore thiab lwm qhov yuav tsum koom nrog lawv lub raum pub rau kev kawm txog kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem.
Standardized Cistanche
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntxhov siab ntau dua thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 ntawm cov pej xeem tsis yog Singapore piv rau cov pej xeem Singapore tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm kev kis tus kab mob COVID-19 tshwm sim hauv cov tsev so ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsiv teb tsaws chaw hauv Singapore [30, 31]; cov kev siv nyiaj ntau dua ntawm kev kho mob rau cov pej xeem uas tsis yog Singapore kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Yog li, kev kawm paub txog kev noj qab haus huv, kev nkag mus rau cov kev pab cuam rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev kho mob uas pheej yig tau zoo, thiab txoj hauv kev los txo cov kev cuam tshuam nyiaj txiag ntawm tus kab mob kis thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum suav nrog cov neeg tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv hauv zos thiab thoob ntiaj teb [32–34]. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau qhia meej tias haiv neeg Malay yog tus kheej cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws qis dua piv rau haiv neeg Suav. Qhov no tau ua raws li qhov kev tshawb pom thaum lub sijhawm tsis yog KEVID nyob rau hauv Singapore [35], thiab tej zaum yuav raug piav qhia los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ntseeg kev ntseeg, lub zog ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsev neeg, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov zej zog Malay thiab Suav. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau sib piv rau cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Canada, United Kingdom, thiab Tebchaws Meskas uas cov haiv neeg tsawg muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis zoo [36, 37], thiab cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau lees paub kom nkag siab txog qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv ntawm cov zej zog Malay hauv Singapore. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm kev nyuaj siab puas siab puas ntsws muaj tsawg heev ntawm cov neeg tau txais lub raum thiab cov neeg pub dawb, tsom rau cov neeg laus, cov neeg tsis tau sib yuav, cov neeg tsis yog neeg Singapore, thiab cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv cov neeg mob raum uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv raum thiab cov neeg pub raum.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau ua ua ntej muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19. Raws li lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 2021, 96 feem pua ntawm Singapore cov neeg tsim nyog (hnub nyoog 12 xyoos lossis tshaj saud) tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 [38]. Txij li thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm txo qis COVID-19- cuam tshuam txog kev mob nkeeg thiab kev tuag ntawm cov neeg tau txais thiab cov neeg pub dawb [39, 40] thiab txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws [41, 42], qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab hauv Singapore thiab cov kev txhawb nqa tom ntej, xws li tau qhia, tej zaum yuav muaj peev xwm txo tau kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov neeg tau txais thiab cov neeg pub dawb raws li tau pom hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau lees paub los lees paub peb qhov kev tshawb pom.
Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev paub, qhov no yog thawj txoj kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev hloov hauv lub raum thiab cov neeg pub dawb. Peb tau mus cuag txhua tus neeg tau txais lub raum thiab cov neeg pub dawb hauv peb cov ntawv teev npe rau kev kawm rau npe kawm, thiab peb cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ua tau dav dav rau cov teb chaws uas muaj tus kab mob COVID-19 tsawg tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau siv cov cuab yeej siv tau (DASS-21) hauv kev ntsuam xyuas kev puas siab puas ntsws, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau tias siv tau ntawm peb cov txiaj ntsig kev kawm.
Txawm li cas los xij, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb muaj ntau yam kev txwv. Ua ntej, muaj peev xwm xaiv kev tsis ncaj ncees tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum peb tau txais cov neeg mob los ntawm ib lub chaw kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, peb lub chaw yog qhov kev hloov pauv raum loj tshaj plaws hauv Singapore thiab muab kev kho mob rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev hloov raum hauv Singapore. Qhov thib ob, peb tau pom cov lus teb qis rau txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no (43.9 feem pua [41.3– 46.8 feem pua]), uas tej zaum yuav yog vim tsis muaj kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag. Txawm li cas los xij, 40 feem pua cov lus teb tsis yog qhov txawv txav rau cov kev tshawb fawb tsis qhia npe [43, 44]. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb suav nrog cov lus teb ntawm 40 feem pua hauv kev suav cov qauv loj, yog li ua kom cov qauv txaus txaus thiab lub zog txheeb xyuas rau qhov kev soj ntsuam tam sim no. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb tsis qhia npe nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, peb tsis muaj peev xwm los piv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg teb rau peb cov kev tshawb fawb piv rau cov uas tsis tau. Thib peb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws yog me me; yog li ntawd, lub hwj chim los ua kom pom cov koom haum hauv kev txheeb xyuas ntau yam hloov kho yuav raug txwv. Plaub, txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua haujlwm graft lossis kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau theem kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg mob hloov pauv [45]. Thib tsib, txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb hla ntu, thiab peb tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho rau qhov pib ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev kuaj mob hlwb; Yog li, cov koom haum pom zoo hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yuav tsum suav tias yog kev sib raug zoo tsis yog ua rau. Thib rau, peb cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tau dav dav rau cov chaw tau nyiaj tsawg uas cov neeg tau txais lub raum thiab cov neeg pub dawb yuav tsis tau txais kev kho mob txaus lossis cov teb chaws uas muaj tus kab mob COVID{16}} siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev hloov pauv (xws li, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev lossis kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab kev kho siab thiab nyob ib leeg) yuav tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws; vim lub sij hawm txwv tsis pub muaj tus kab mob kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, peb tsis tau tsim ib qho kev soj ntsuam sim los ua qauv lossis siv tau tag nrho cov lus nug hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis zoo li DASS-21 cov cuab yeej thiab yog li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lus nug no yuav tsum muaj kev lees paub hauv lwm cov neeg kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog raws li DASS{18}} nplai, uas tau lees paub rau kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab tau siv yav dhau los hauv kev kawm hauv Singapore [13].
Cistanche extract
Hauv kev xaus, peb tau pom tias tsawg kawg ib ntawm kaum tus neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raum thiab cov neeg pub nyiaj tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum lub sijhawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw. Cov hnub nyoog yau, tsis muaj txij nkawm, tsis nyob hauv Singapore, kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Malays (piv txwv li Suav), noj kev ceev faj (kev ntxuav tes), thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txaus txog COVID-19 cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub hlwb. Kev qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv tsom rau cov neeg laus, cov neeg tsis tau sib yuav, cov pej xeem tsis yog Singapore, thiab cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv cov neeg tau txais kev hloov pauv raum thiab cov neeg pub dawb.
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Sobhana Thangaraju 1,2, Yeli Wang 3, Terence Kee 1,2, Ping Sing Tee 1,2, York Moi Lu 1,2, Jing Hua Yong 1,2, Quan Yao Ho 1,2, Ian Tatt Liew 1,2, Fiona Foo 1,2, Natelie Kwan 1,2, Eleanor Ng 1,2, Xia He 1,2, Constance Lee 1,2, Shannon Baey 1,2, Jenny Leong 1,2, Judy Tan 1,2, Rupesh Madhukar Shirore 3 thiab Tazeen Hasan Jafar 1,2,3,4.
1. Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
2. SingHealth Duke-NUS Transplant Center, Singapore, Singapore.
3. Program hauv Kev Pabcuam Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
4. Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
