Melatonin Los Ntawm Cov Kabmob, Algae, Thiab Nroj Tsuag Raws Li Txoj Kev Ua Tau Zoo Rau Cov Melatonin Synthetic Part 2

4.2. Melatonin los ntawm cov nroj tsuag

Tau txais melatonin los ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog, thaj, ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Phytomelatonin tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv txhua hom photosynthetic (nroj tsuag, algae, thiab qee cov kab mob) soj ntsuam txog tam sim no. Hauv algae thiab nroj tsuag, endogenous theem ntawm phytomelatonin tsawg heev, ntawm picograms thiab nanograms ib gram ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg [110,130]. Ntawm qhov tod tes, phytomelatonin-nplua nuj rho tawm tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam zoo ntxiv rau kev ua raws li ntuj tsim, xws li muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg noj qab haus huv, xws li antioxidants, vitamins, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tau txais phytomelatonin-nplua nuj extracts hauv cov ntsiab lus txaus kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau. ntawm lub ntuj ntxiv kev lag luam tsis tau ua ib txoj hauj lwm yooj yim vim yog qhov tsis sib xws, xws li cov ntsiab lus qis thiab sib txawv hauv phytomelatonin. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom cog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam lossis muaj peev xwm ua tau yav tom ntej tau qhia hauv Table 1.

Glycoside ntawm cistanche tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv plawv thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin thiab MDA hauv txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm ntau yam reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, thiab lwm yam) thiab tiv thaiv DNA puas. los ntawm OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, muaj peev xwm txo tau ntau dua li cov vitamin C, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov phev ncua, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA, thiab muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phev ua haujlwm. Cistanche polysaccharides tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab GSH-Px hauv erythrocytes thiab ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nas senescent sim los ntawm D-galactose, nrog rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA thiab collagen hauv lub ntsws thiab ntshav, thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm elastin, muaj Cov nyhuv scavenging zoo ntawm DPPH, ncua lub sijhawm ntawm hypoxia hauv cov nas senescent, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov ntshav, thiab ncua lub physiological degeneration ntawm lub ntsws hauv kev sim cov nas nrog cellular morphological degeneration, kev sim tau pom tias Cistanche muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo. thiab muaj peev xwm los ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, echinacoside hauv Cistanche muaj lub peev xwm tseem ceeb los tshem tawm DPPH dawb radicals thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive, tiv thaiv dawb radical-induced collagen degradation, thiab kuj muaj kev kho zoo ntawm thymine dawb radical anion puas.

Nyem rau ntawm Cistanche Norge

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ib. Phytomelatonin los ntawm cherries

Phytomelatonin tau los ntawm khov-qhuav Montmorency tart cherry daim tawv nqaij rho tawm tau yog thawj phytomelatonin cov khoom lag luam (Pleev Support®, New Zealand) (Table 1, khoom #5). Cov khoom no muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 14 µg ntawm phytomelatonin ib ntsiav tshuaj, ib qho tsawg heev los txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog zoo tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov phytomelatonin tsawg heev uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom qub cog (~14 ng·g −1 txiv hmab txiv ntoo [121]. , qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov khoom siv cherry nplua nuj tuaj yeem muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev pw tsaug zog [131,132].

b. Phytomelatonin los ntawm cov noob nplej

Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm phytomelatonin extraction methodology nyob rau hauv ntau hom nplej nplej (Table 1, khoom #6), cov sau phau ntawv tsom mus tsim cov khoom noj qab haus huv uas yog phytomelatoninrich los ntawm mov, tau txais kev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv extracts txog li 216 ng·g DW−1 [ 122–124] ib.

c. Phytomelatonin los ntawm mustard noob

Ob hom mustard (Brassica campestris) tau kawm los tshawb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv cog no ua tus xa khoom ntawm cov nplua nuj nyob hauv phytomelatonin. Cov noob txiv kab ntxwv daj muaj txog 660 ng·g DW-1, nyob ib ncig ntawm peb npaug ntau dua li cov noob txiv ntoo dub (Table 1, khoom #7). Raws li cov kws sau ntawv, oily extracts muaj kev nyab xeeb siv los ua antioxidants hauv cov khoom noj ntxiv nrog kev nthuav dav hypocholesterolemic thiab hypoglycemic kev ua ub no [125,126].

d. Phytomelatonin los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj tsw qab (MAPs)

d.1 ua. Phytomelatonin los ntawm St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)

Interestingly, ib tsob nroj tshiab ntawm phytomelatonin tau ua lag luam tsis ntev los no. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txawm hais tias peb tsis paub tus neeg muag khoom lossis cov ntsiab lus, phytomelatoninrich extracts ntawm St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) uas qhia txog kev nplua nuj nyob ib ncig ntawm 1 feem pua ​​yog kev cog lus yog tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag no xws li naphthodianthrones. (hypericin thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem lav tau (Table 1, khoom #8).

d.2 ua. Phytomelatonin los ntawm Valerian cov hauv paus hniav

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm valerian (Valeriana officinalis) cov hauv paus hniav ua ib qho mob me me thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab, insomnia, nyob tsis tswm, thiab lub xeev ntxhov siab me ntsis yog paub zoo [133]. Tsis ntev los no, peb tau ntsuas cov ntsiab lus phytomelatonin hauv cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov qauv coj mus muag valerian los kawm txog qhov ua tau ntawm phytomelatonin ua cov tshuaj sedative thiab txhim kho pw tsaug zog [127]. Phytomelatonin-nplua nuj rho tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav valerian tuaj yeem tau txais, tab sis qhov hloov pauv siab hauv phytomelatonin cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom nyoos (Table 2) thiab lawv cov kev nplua nuj tsawg yuav yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev lag luam (Table 1, khoom #9).

d.3 ua. Lwm yam PAMs

Yuav kom tau txais cov nroj tsuag extracts nplua nuj nyob rau hauv phytomelatonin, peb tau sim ntau pua cov nroj tsuag ntawm txawv keeb kwm thiab ntau yam. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv uas tau rov ua dua yog qhov hloov pauv loj hauv cov ntsiab lus phytomelatonin hauv cov qauv cog, cuam tshuam rau lawv cov keeb kwm, ntau yam, hom kev cog qoob loo, thiab kev txuag. Table 2 qhia qee qhov ntawm phytomelatonin cov ntsiab lus hauv ntau cov qauv ntawm tib hom thiab txawv keeb kwm los yog txias. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus phytomelatonin, uas ua rau nws nyuaj heev kom tau txais cov khoom siv raw nrog kev lees paub rau kev lag luam. Ib yam li ntawd, peb cov ntaub ntawv kom muaj nuj nqis rau phytomelatonin cov ntsiab lus hauv cov nroj tsuag sib txawv, txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ntau qhov muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, zoo li txawv txav, qis dua qhov ntsuas los ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv (Table 2).

Txij li thaum kwv yees cov ntsiab lus phytomelatonin nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tsis siab heev, peb tau xaiv los tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab tshuaj tsw qab (MAPs) yav dhau los elicited kom nce lawv cov ntsiab lus phytomelatonin [129]. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, peb tau txais cov extracts nplua nuj nyob rau hauv phytomelatonin nrog nce nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib ncig ntawm 60/80 lub sij hawm hais txog lawv basal endogenous cov ntsiab lus, uas ua rau lawv nthuav los ntawm ib tug coj mus muag taw tes ntawm view (Table 1, khoom #10). Yog li, peb cov nroj tsuag thiab cov extracts (Bioriex cov khoom) tau pom tias muaj ntau yam antioxidants xws li phenolics, flavonoids, thiab carotenoids thiab raws li qhia melatonin kev ua nyob rau hauv vivo nyob rau hauv ib tug melatonin tshwj xeeb bioassay uas txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm phytomelatonin-nplua nuj extracts rau aggregate. melanophores hauv cov ntses tau raug txheeb xyuas qhov zoo [129].

Thaum kawg, qee cov lus yuav tsum tau hais txog cov nqi thiab cov nqi ntawm cov khoom uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg / hluavtaws melatonin lossis phytomelatonin. Melatonin los ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis tam sim no pheej yig heev, nrog rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 95 feem pua ​​​​purity rau ib ncig EUR 0.25–0.3 ib gram (los yog pheej yig dua). Ntawm qhov tod tes, phytomelatonin yuav tsum tau siv ntau cov khoom siv raw, cov nroj tsuag, lossis cov algae, yog li, yuav tsum tau ua ntau kg ntawm raw khoom kom tau ob peb mg. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov nroj tsuag nyoos muaj 5 µg ntawm phytomelatonin·g DW-1 (ib qho nyiaj ntau, saib Table 2) los ntawm 1 kg ntawm cov nroj tsuag, peb tuaj yeem tau tsib ntsiav tshuaj ntawm 1 mg ntawm phytomelatonin. Piv txwv tias tus nqi kwv yees li EUR 3 rau ib kg ntawm cov nroj tsuag qhuav, tus nqi ntawm 1 mg ntawm phytomelatonin yuav yog EUR 0.6, kwv yees li 2000 npaug ntau dua li cov tshuaj melatonin, tag nrho tsis suav nrog cov nqi ntawm kev tuav cov nroj tsuag. thiab cov extraction thiab concentration txheej txheem tsim nyog kom tau txais kev nplua nuj nyob hauv cov extracts. Txhawm rau muab cov piv txwv zoo sib xws nrog cov kab lis kev cai algae yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab, xav txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phytomelatonin cov ntsiab lus hauv microalgae (saib saum toj). Kuj ceeb tias, peb tuaj yeem pom cov tshuaj phytomelatonin pheej yig dua ntawm kev ua lag luam dua li cov tshuaj melatonin tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, qee lub npe muaj kev ncaj ncees rau lawv cov neeg siv khoom thaum lawv nug txog phytomelatonin, teb: "... thaum tos rau kev tshawb fawb los nrhiav kev ntseeg siab, siv tau tab sis kuj muaj nqis peev (ntawm phytomelatonin), peb muab rau koj cov khoom siv hluavtaws no. tsuas yog siv tau, tab sis saum toj no ntau pheej yig dua!". Paub seb cov melatonin muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus yog hluavtaws los yog ntuj yuav tshem tawm ntau qhov kev xav tsis thoob txog cov khoom lag luam tam sim no. Rau qhov no, qhov tseeb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm melatonin yuav tsum tau siv, yog li, qhia meej txog qhov ua tau deev tsis zoo thiab tsis tawm tswv yim eccentric isotopic approximations los txiav txim siab ntawm ntuj thiab tshuaj melatonin, raws li peb tau txais. . Qhov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm los ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm tswj hwm tsis ua kom muaj kev pom zoo hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv.

5. Cov lus xaus thiab cov lus qhia yav tom ntej

Synthetic melatonin yog tsom rau ntawm lub lag luam tseem ceeb uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev tsim khoom, kev siv, thiab kev muag khoom. Kev mob siab rau feem ntau los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov pej xeem kom haus cov khoom noj khoom haus ntau dua, muaj peev xwm tau txais melatonin los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim tau ob peb xyoos dhau los. Thawj qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau tsom mus rau kev tau txais phytomelatonin los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, txawm tias tau txais los ntawm microalgae yog thawj cov khoom lag luam. Ib qho ntawm cov tsis ntseeg mus tas li txog phytomelatonin, ntxiv rau nws cov keeb kwm, taw qhia rau nws qhov kev ua phem ua qias lossis kev nplua nuj nrog melatonin thiab / lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ua ntej, yog li, tsis tau txais 100 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim. Tam sim no, cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm technologies tau txais melatonin los ntawm microorganism biofactories tau txais kev txhawb nqa zoo los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj multinational. Ntawm ob txoj kev tshaj tawm, cov qauv hloov pauv ntawm E. coli tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj melatonin ntau dua li cov qauv transgenic S. cerevisiae. Cov neeg tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yav tom ntej uas muaj melatonin tau los ntawm GMOs nthuav tawm qhov kev sib tw rau cov neeg lag luam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, phytomelatonin-nplua nuj rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, txawm tias los ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo, muaj thiab yuav muaj kev lees paub zoo dua li melatonin los ntawm GMOs. Txawm li cas los xij, tau txais 100 feem pua ​​​​ntxhiab phytomelatonin-nplua nuj extracts kom tau raws li kev lag luam xav tau tam sim no yog ib qho kev sib tw kom yeej. Cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau daws yog cov qib qis thiab muaj kev hloov pauv siab hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm phytomelatonin hauv cov nroj tsuag kawm, cov txheej txheem kim heev uas yuav tsum tau siv, thiab muaj peev xwm muaj cov metabolites tsis zoo xws li alkaloids, saponins, thiab ntau lwm tus. Thaum kawg, ib qho kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws yuav yog qhov muag ntawm phytomelatonin (100 feem pua ​​​​natural) ntawm tus nqi qub lossis zoo sib xws li tshuaj melatonin tam sim no tsis ntseeg cov neeg siv khoom paub meej tshaj plaws.

Tus sau kev koom tes:Conceptualization, MBA thiab JH-R.; Methodology, MG-A. thiab AEM; software, AC; validation, AC thiab JH-R.; Kev ntsuam xyuas raug cai, MG-A., AC-C., ML-L., PS-H. thiab AEM; kev tshawb nrhiav, MG-A., AEM thiab AC; cov ntaub ntawv curation, MBA, AC thiab JH-R.; sau ntawv- thawj daim ntawv npaj, MBA; kev sau ntawv- tshuaj xyuas thiab kho, MBA, AC thiab JH-R.; visualization, MBA thiab JH-R.; Kev nrhiav nyiaj txiag, MBA Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Nyiaj txiag:Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis tau txais nyiaj txiag sab nraud.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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