Melanin-Decolorizing Activity Ntawm Antioxidant Enzymes, Glutathione Peroxidase, Thiol Peroxidase, Thiab Catalase

Hu rau:joanna.jia@wecistanche.com/ WhatsApp: 008618081934791

Gyeongchan Jeon¹· Chinhan Kim²· Uk Min Choj²· Ee Taek Hwang³· Hyung Seo Hwang⁴· Jiho Min¹

Abstract

Melanin yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los txiav txim seb cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav los rhuav tshem cov khoom melanin uas twb muaj lawm hauv daim tawv nqaij kom zoo nkauj. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev txo cov xim melanin ntawm peb lub antioxidant enzymes, Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Thiol peroxidase (TPX), thiab Catalase, hauv lysosomal feem. Melanin daws tau kho nrog cov enzymes thiab hydrogen peroxide, tom qab ntawd ua rau 48 teev. GPX thiab TPX decolorized melanin, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv, GPX tau zoo dua, tab sis Catalase tsis zoo. GPX kuj inhibited zus tau tej cov melanin nyob rau hauv B16F10 melanoma hlwb. GPX, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob, plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub cellular tiv thaiv mechanism los ntawm reactive oxygen hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog cytotoxic tab sis nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev decolorizing melanin xim. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev lom thiab microbiological teb, nws muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij whitening kom hniav zoo nkauj yog siab.

Cov ntsiab lus Melanin · Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) · Thiol peroxidase (TPX) · Catalase · B16F10 · Lysosome

Cistanche yog cov khoom siv tawv nqaij dawb.

Taw qhia

Lub ntsej muag huv si yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev zoo nkauj rau cov neeg niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg Esxias nyiam cov tawv nqaij dawb. Melanin compound yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm eumelanin muaj xim dub lossis xim av, thiab pheomelanin, uas ua rau xim liab rau xim liab [1]. Melanin compound yog syn-thesized los ntawm tyrosine oxidation nyob rau hauv melanocyte hlwb, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub basal txheej ntawm lub epidermis; thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim no hauv daim tawv nqaij yog los tiv thaiv lub dermis los ntawm kev thaiv cov teeb meem ultraviolet hluav taws xob [2, 3]. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj ntau cov tshuaj melanin nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, nws ua rau tawv nqaij tsaus thiab tsis huv, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hyperpigmentation, xws li melasma [4].

Muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tu tawv nqaij cov tshuaj pleev ib ce uas daws cov teeb meem no, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov tam sim no tsim cov tawv nqaij ntxuav hniav dawb tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj nuj nqi rau inhibiting melanin synthesis los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim, xws li thaiv cov oxidation ntawm tyrosine, los yog UV rays uas yuav txhawb nqa. melanin synthesis [5] Cov khoom no siv sijhawm ntev los ua kom zoo, thiab tsis zoo rau cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb, xws li hyperpigmentation [6]. Tam sim no, ib txoj hauv kev tshem melanin uas twb tau ua lawm yog laser kho [7]. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem tsis muaj cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau tsim, lawv yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv thaj chaw lom neeg thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, peb tau sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev los decolor-ize cov tshuaj melanin uas twb tau tsim lawm. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lysosome thiab melanin. Nws muaj feem ntau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm keratinocytes tshwj xeeb ua rau cov melanosomes extrinsic raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob autophagy uas tswj cov cellular organelles, lossis tshem tawm cov kab mob tsis zoo, xws li peroxisome [8]. Txoj kev autophagic, los ntawm cytoplasm mus rau lysosomes, plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev degradation ntawm melanosomes hauv tib neeg epidermalkeratinocytes [9]. Cov ntaub ntawv no muab pov thawj tias lysosomal tshwj xeeb enzymes ua rau melanin degradation. Yav dhau los, peb pom melanin xim txo kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme hauv lysosomal feem, ib qho nyuaj uas muaj hydrolysates los rhuav tshem cov khoom pov tseg thiab cellulardebris hauv peroxisomes thiab lysosomes [10, 11]. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm peb cov enzymes xaiv, Glutathione peroxidase, Thiol peroxidase, Catalase, hauv lysosomal feem kom txo cov xim melanin. Cov peroxidasesact tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes los ntawm reactive oxygen hom (ROS), thiab muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov eukaryotes [12].

Reactive oxygen hom (ROS) yog tsim los ntawm naturalbyproduct ntawm ib txwm metabolism ntawm oxygen nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, thiab muaj peev xwm yuav nce los ntawm ib puag ncig kev nyuaj siab. ROS tsim tawm heev tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlwb puas. Cov teebmeem ntawm ROSon lub cell yog raws li hauv qab no [12, 13]: kev puas tsuaj ntawm DNA lossis RNA, oxidation ntawm polyunsaturated fatty acids hauv lipids, oxidation ntawm amino acids hauv cov protein, thiab oxidative deactivation ntawm cov enzymes tshwj xeeb los ntawm oxidation ntawm cofactors.Cov hlwb neutralize. ROS los ntawm kev tiv thaiv oxidation los tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Hauv cov kab ke no, superoxideanion tsim los ntawm cov metabolism hauv kev puas tsuaj loj heev; txawm hais tias nws tau hloov mus rau hydrogen peroxide los ntawm Superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide tseem ua haujlwm. Cov hydrogen peroxide yog hloov mus rau H2O los ntawm Catalase, thiab noj hauv kev tsim cov Glutathionedisulfide (GSSG) los ntawm Glutathione los ntawm catalysis ntawm GPX. TPX ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li GPX [13].

Txoj kev tshawb no tshawb fawb txog melanin-decolorizing effect ntawm peb antioxidant enzymes, GPX, TPX, thiab Catalase. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, GPX thiab TPX tau zoo txo ​​cov xim melanin. Ntawm lawv, GPX tsis muaj cytotoxicity ntawm theoptimum concentration ntawm melanin-decolorizing kev ua, thiab zoo inhibited melanin synthesis. Yog li ntawd, nws muab pov thawj tias GPX ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm melanin decolorization ntawm lysosomal feem, tsis tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant, thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tshiab ua ib qho enzyme.

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

Peroxidases thiab Peroxidase Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm

Qhov concentration ntawm peb peroxidases (Glutathione Peroxidase, Thiol Peroxidase, thiab Catalase) tau txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom siv (Peroxidase assay kit, D2PD-100, QuantiChromTM) yuav los ntawm Bioassay Systems. Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2, NBP1-78,824, Novus) thiab Thiol peroxidase (TPX, NBP1-78,805, Novus) tau yuav los ntawm Novus, thiab Catalase (9001-05-2, Sigma-Aldrich ) tau yuav los ntawm Sigma-Aldrich.

Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam no siv H2O2 thiab ib qho hluav taws xob pub dawb dye uas tsim resorufin thaum lub sij hawm peroxidase. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub (RT), thiab qhov kev siv ntawm cov xim raug ntsuas ntawm 570 nm. Cov peroxidases tau reacted nrog electron donor dye nrog 0.6 feem pua ​​hydrogen peroxide rau 10 min ntawm RT. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov nres reagent tau ntxiv, thiab qhov nqus ntawm cov qauv tau ntsuas los ntawm microplate spectrophotometric. Cov haujlwm tau suav nrog hauv qab no:

Kev ua haujlwm Peroxidase=RSAMPLE −RBLANK × [Resorufin](𝜇M) × Reaction Vol(𝜇L) RRESORUFIN −RH2 O t(min) Sample Vol(𝜇L)

(U/L). Ib chav tsev (U) ntawm enzyme yuav ua rau kev tsim ntawm 1 μmole resorufin ib min nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas. Ntawm no RSAMPLE, RBLANK, RRESORUFIN, thiab RH2O yog qhov nqus ntawm Cov Qauv, Sample Blank, Resorufin, thiab Dej, ntsig txog; thiab n yog tus qauv dilution factor. Tus [Resorufin] rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog 50 μM. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Vol yog 100μL, thiab Cov Qauv Vol nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no yog 10 μL.

Melanin Decolorization los ntawm Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Thiol Peroxidase (TPX), thiab Catalase

Cov tshuaj melanin muaj {{0}}}.1 mM PBS (Phosphatebuffered saline, pH: 7.0) thiab melanin hmoov (Synthetic, Sigma) uas tau npaj los ntawm oxidation ntawm tyrosine nrog hydrogen peroxide. Cov ntsiab lus melanin tau ntsuas los ntawm qhov nqus ntawm 450 nm. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab melanin concentration, tus qauv nkhaus tau npaj los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws (R2=0.999, cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia).

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov xim melanin decolorization, 100 ppm melaninsolution muaj (50 txog 1000) μU / L Peroxidases (GPX, TPX, Catalase) nrog 1 mM hydrogen peroxide yog reactedat RT, thiab ntsuas txhua hnub. Melanin decolorization tus nqi tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev rho tawm melanin concentration tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, los ntawm thawj tus nqi.

Cistanche inhibits melanin synthesis.

Cell Culture

B16F10 nas melanoma hlwb (KCLB 80008) tau yuav los ntawm Kauslim Cell Line Bank (KCLB, Seoul, Kauslim). Cov hlwb tau coj mus rau hauv Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) muaj 4500 mg / L qabzib, 4 mM l-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, uas tau ntxiv 10 feem pua ​​​​fetal bovine serum (FBS), 20 mM HEPES, 1 feem pua ​​penicillin, thiab cov hlwb tau incubated nyob rau hauv ib tug humidifiedcondition uas muaj 5 feem pua ​​CO2 ntawm 37 degree. Qhov nruab nrab tau hloov pauv txhua 2 hnub (d), thiab cov hlwb raug sau los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj trypsin / EDTA.

Cell Viability Assay (MTT Assay)

Cov nyhuv tshuaj lom ntawm glutathione peroxidase ntawm B16F10 mela-noma cell tau lees paub los ntawm MTT kev soj ntsuam, ib txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov cell. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no siv 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-}yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau formazan los ntawm mitochondrial enzyme nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog. Lub 3 × 103 hlwb tau noob rau ib qhov dej hauv ib lub qhov dej 96-wellplate, thiab incubated rau 24 teev. Tom qab ntawd ib qho piv txwv tau ntxiv rau qhov dej, thiab incubated rau 72 teev. Tom qab ntawd, qhov nruab nrab tau pauv mus rau ib qho uas muaj 0.5 mg / mL ntawm MTT, thiab incubated rau 2 teev. Tom ntej no, MTT dye reagent raug tshem tawm, thiab cov formazan generated yog yaj los ntawm DMSO rau 30 min. Thaum kawg, qhov concentrations ntawm formazan tau ntsuas ntawm 570 nm siv microplate spectrophotometry.Lub cell viability raug xam raws li nram no: cell viability(%)=(Asample − Ablank)/(Acontrol − Ablank)*100.

cistanche hauv Hindi

Melanin Contents Assay

Lub 3 × 105 B16F10 hlwb tau muab noob rau ib qhov dej hauv ib lub qhov dej 6-zoo phaj, thiab incubated rau 24 teev ua raws. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm txhua lub qhov dej tau pauv nrog ib qho uas muaj ntau yam ntawm enzyme thiab 10 nM -MSH, ces incubated rau 72 h. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov qhov dej tau raug ntxuav nrog DPBS tsis, thiab siv 0.5 feem pua ​​trypsin/EDTA tov. Cov pellets ntawm cov hlwb tau los ntawm centrifugation tau lysed nrog 200 μL ntawm 1 N NaOH muaj 10 feem pua ​​​​DMSO rau 1 h ntawm 80 degree. Thaum kawg, cov ntsiab lus lysed melanin tau ntsuas los ntawm qhov nqus ntawm 450 nm. Kev tsim cov melanin inhibition efficiency ntawm enzyme tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv nrog kev tswj zoo siv 100 mg / mL ntawm arbutin.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Kev Ua Haujlwm Peroxidase ntawm Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Thiol Peroxidase (TPX), thiab Catalase

Txoj kev tshawb no yog kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv lys-osomal feem kev kho mob rau decolorizing melanin compounds hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo. Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, peb pom tias lysosomal feem cais los ntawm Hela hlwb, S. cerevisiae, qe ntawm tus qaib muaj qhov txo qis melanin xim, thiabKev ua haujlwm ntawm melanin decolorization tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm peroxidase ntawm lysosomal feem uas tsis yog-membrane khi microsomal feem, suav nrog lysosomes thiab per-oxisomes. Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias cov xim melanin txo cov nyhuv ntawm peroxidases, peb cov peroxidases raug xaiv, Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Thiol peroxidase (TPX), thiab Catalase. Cov enzymes no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo qis oxidative kev nyuaj siab los ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive hauv hlwb [14].

Cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam (Peroxidase assay kit, D2PD-100, QuantiChrom™). Txoj kev no yog ua raws li oxidation ntawm electron donor dye uas tsim cov xim liab thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv peroxidase [15]. Cov kev ua ntawm peroxidase tau qhia siv cov chav hauv qab no: 1 Unit=1 U=tsim ntawm 1 µmole resorufin ib min nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj mob. Table 1 piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm thiab concentration ntawm peb peroxidases, GPX, TPX, thiab Catalase.

Melanin Decolorization Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Thiol Peroxidase (TPX), thiab Catalase

Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias cov nyhuv melanin decolorization ntawm peroxi-dases, 100 ppm melanin tov tau kho nrog 1 mM hydrogen peroxide thiab (50 txog 1000) µU / L concentration ntawm txhua peroxidase. Cov qauv no tau hnov ​​​​mob rau 2 hnub ntawm RT, tom qab ntawd muab piv nrog qhov pib concentration. Daim duab 1 qhia tias melanin txo qis tom qab 48 teev. Daim duab 1 qhia cov pov thawj tias TPX thiab GPX muaj melanin decolorization kev ua. Cov catalase tsis cuam tshuam rau txo cov xim melanin (Daim duab 1a). TPX tau zoo ntawm decolorizing melanin tebchaw, thiab qhov ua tau zoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum kho ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 1 µU / mL (Fig. 1b). GPX kuj muaj qhov txo cov xim melanin, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.2 µU / mL, thiab maj mam txo qis ntawm ntau dua (Fig. 1c). Tus nqi no sawv cev rau 175 feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev txhim kho melanin xim txo, piv rau kev tswj xyuas nrog hydrogen peroxide nkaus xwb. GPX tau ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog thiab peroxidase, piv rau TPX. Kev kho mob ntawm 0.2 µU / mL GPX thiab 1 mM hydrogen peroxide raumelanin tov decolorized 13 feem pua ​​​​ntawm 100 ppm melanin for4 d (Fig.2). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog GPX lossis TPX tsis pom muaj qhov txo qis hauv qhov tsis muaj hydrogen perox-ide (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia).

Table1 Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov enzymes, Glutathione Peroxidase 2, Thiol Peroxidase thiab Catalase

Cov nyhuv ntawm Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) thiab H2O2on B16F10 Cell Viability

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm GPX ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm B16F10 melanomacells tau lees paub los ntawm MTT kev soj ntsuam, ua ntej kev kuaj melanin syn-thesis inhibition. Txhawm rau nrhiav kom pom qhov zoo ntawm hydrogen peroxide los kho, Cytotoxicity tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev kho nrog hydrogen peroxide rau 72 teev ntawm qhov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm 0.1 mM, H2O2 tsis muaj cell toxicity rau lub hlwb rau 72 h, thaum nyob rau hauv concentrationabove 1 mM, zoo toxicity tau pom. (Daim duab 3a). Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm GPX ntawm kev ciaj sia ntawm tes tau raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide, uas tsis yog cytotoxic. Lub GPX tsis muaj cytotoxicity rau B16F10 hlwb hauv qab qhov concentration ntawm 0.5 μU / mL, uas tau zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb melanindecolorization (Fig. 3b).

Daim duab 1Cov txheeb ze xim melanin txo qis piv rau kev kho tsuas yog hydrogen peroxide.

Cov nyhuv ntawm Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) thiab H2O2on Melanin Synthesis hauv B16F10 Melanoma Cells

Peb tshawb fawb txog cov nyhuv ntawm GPX, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm melanin decolorization, ntawm melanin synthesis hauv mel-anocytes. Daim duab 4 qhia cov ntsiab lus melanin hauv B16F10melanoma hlwb kho nrog txhua tus qauv rau 72 teev. Kev kho mob nrog 0.05 μU/mL ntawm GPX thiab 0.1 mM H2O2 induced feem ntau inhibition ntawm melanogenesis los ntawm 43 feem pua ​​​​piv rau kev tswj (tsuas yog kho nrog -MSH). Qhov no yog 153 feem pua ​​​​siab tshaj qhov kev tswj hwm zoo (kev kho mob nrog Arbutin thiab -MSH), thiab 22 feem pua ​​​​siab dua li ntawm hydrogen peroxide tsis muaj enzyme, thaum kev kho mob ntawm GPX tsis qhia dra-matic melanin txo qis hauv qhov tsis muaj hydrogen peroxide kuj txhawb qhov kev pom no. (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, GPXinhibited zus tau tej cov melanin tebchaw, tab sis melaninsynthesis nyob rau hauv hlwb tau cuam tshuam ntau dua los ntawm hydrogen peroxidethan los ntawm GPX.

Kev sib tham

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb cov kws tshawb fawb pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws concentration thiab cov nyhuv ntawm GPX, TPX, thiab Catalase, antioxidantenzymes uas txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv hlwb, ntawm decolorization ntawm melanin tebchaw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim extracellular siv synthesized melanin tebchaw, GPXand TPX muaj cov nyhuv melanin-decolorizing, tab sis Catalasedoes tsis. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias lignin-degrading enzymesin qee cov fungi, zoo li laccase, lignin peroxidase, tuaj yeem rhuav tshem melanin nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen peroxide [16-18].Los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, nws tau lees paub tias cov antioxidant enzymes, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov eukaryotes thiab tsis muaj lignin-degrading enzymes, muaj melanin-decolorizing kev ua. Txawm hais tias GPX thiab TPX kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo cov xim melanin nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen peroxide, cov enzymes no muaj peev xwm ua raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm melanin decolorization mechanism ntawm lysosomal feem.

GPX, uas ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los txo melanin colorin vitro, tau kho nrog B16F10 melanoma hlwb los txiav txim nws cov nyhuv ntawm melanin synthesis. Hauv B16F10 melanomacells, GPX tsis yog cytotoxic ntawm cov concentrations uas ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv decolorization ntawm melanin tebchaw, thiab cov concentration ntawm hydrogen peroxide kho ua ke yog 0.1 mM, tsis muaj toxicity. Kev kho mob ntawm hydrogen peroxide zoo heev inhibited melanin synthesis, thiab thaum ua hauj lwm nrog GPX, cov efficiency yog zoo dua, thaum tsis muaj concentration dependence ntawm cov tshuaj. Txij li thaum hydrogen peroxide tau noj sai sai los ntawm cov enzymes, nws tuaj yeem txhais tau tias qhov siab dua ntawm cov enzyme yuav tsum tau kho, qhov txo qis inhibition ntawm melanin synthesis los ntawm hydrogenperoxide. Qhov tseeb tias kev kho mob ntawm GPX tsis pom qhov txo qis melanin hauv qhov tsis muaj hydrogen peroxide kuj txhawb qhov kev pom no (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, GPXinhibited zus tau tej cov melanin tebchaw, tab sis melaninsynthesis nyob rau hauv hlwb tau cuam tshuam ntau dua los ntawm hydrogen peroxidethan los ntawm GPX. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias antioxidant enzymes inducemelanin degradation nyob rau hauv autophagy mechanisms digestmelanosomes.

cistanche ntsiav tshuaj

Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov nyem qhov no.

Xaus

Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) thiab Thiol peroxidase (TPX) pab txhawb rau melanin decolorization, thiab GPX zoo inhibited melanin synthesis. Cov txiaj ntsig txhawb qhov kev xav tias antioxidant enzymes inducemelanin degradation hauv autophagy mechanisms digestmelanosomes. Txhawm rau kom ncav cuag qhov tseeb, kawm txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev zom zaub mov melanosome hauv daim tawv nqaij, keratinocyte, thiab melanocyte, yuav tsum tau.