Qhov siab tshaj plaws Entropy Modeling Qhov Chaw Tshaj Tawm Ntawm Morchella Dill. Ex Pers. Hom kab mob hauv Suav Teb Raws Kev Hloov Kev Nyab Xeeb Part 1

Cov ntsiab lus yooj yim:Kev hloov pauv huab cua ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm hom kev faib tawm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov chaw nyob ntawm hom tau maj mam rhuav tshem vim qhov hloov pauv huab cua. Yog li, txhawm rau kwv yees li cas kev hloov pauv huab cua yuav cuam tshuam rau kev muaj sia nyob thiab cov chaw nyob zoo ntawm Morchella Dill. ex Pers. hom nyob rau hauv Suav teb, peb siv tus qauv entropy siab tshaj plaws los simulate cov kev hloov pauv hauv nws qhov chaw faib khoom los ntawm lub sijhawm keeb kwm mus rau lub sijhawm yav tom ntej. Peb cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau hais tias nag lossis daus, qhov siab, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov tsiaj qus Morchella. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau qhia peb qhov kev cia siab tias, tsis hais qhov xwm txheej twg, qhov chaw tsim nyog ntawm hom yuav nce mus rau qee qhov ntsuas sai. Raws li cov kev tshawb pom no, peb tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov tswv yim zoo rau kev txuag ntawm cov tsiaj qus Morchella.

Glycoside ntawm cistanche tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv plawv thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin thiab MDA hauv txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm ntau yam reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, thiab lwm yam) thiab tiv thaiv DNA puas. los ntawm OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, muaj peev xwm txo tau ntau dua li cov vitamin C, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov phev ncua, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA, thiab muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phev ua haujlwm. Cistanche polysaccharides tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab GSH-Px hauv erythrocytes thiab ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nas senescent sim los ntawm D-galactose, nrog rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA thiab collagen hauv lub ntsws thiab ntshav, thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm elastin, muaj Cov nyhuv scavenging zoo ntawm DPPH, ncua lub sijhawm ntawm hypoxia hauv cov nas senescent, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov ntshav, thiab ncua lub physiological degeneration ntawm lub ntsws hauv kev sim cov nas nrog cellular morphological degeneration, kev sim tau pom tias Cistanche muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo. thiab muaj peev xwm los ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, echinacoside hauv Cistanche muaj lub peev xwm tseem ceeb txhawm rau txhawm rau DPPH dawb radicals thiab muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive thiab tiv thaiv dawb radical-induced collagen degradation, thiab kuj muaj kev kho zoo ntawm thymine dawb radical anion puas.

Nyem rau Ua Cistanche Ua Haujlwm rau Antioxidant

【Yog xav paub ntxiv:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:86 13632399501 】

Abstract: Morchella is a kind of precious edible, medicinal fungi with a series of important effects,  including anti-tumor and anti-oxidation effects. Based on the data of 18 environmental variables and the distribution sites of wild Morchella species, this study used a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the changes in the geographic distribution of Morchella species in different historical periods (the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid Holocene (MH), current, 2050s and 2070s). The results revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic curves of different periods were all relatively high (>0.83), qhia tau hais tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws entropy qauv yog qhov zoo. Cov qauv kev faib tawm cov qauv qhia tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw faib khoom ntawm Morchella hom yog nag lossis daus ntawm lub quarter qhuav (Bio17), qhov siab, qhov ntsuas kub nruab nrab ntawm lub quarter txias tshaj plaws (Bio11), thiab qhov ntsuas kub txhua xyoo (Bio1). Kev simulation ntawm thaj chaw faib tawm qhia tias qhov chaw nyob tam sim no tsim nyog ntawm Morchella yog nyob hauv Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), thiab lwm lub xeev hauv Suav teb. Piv nrog rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, thaj chaw tsim nyog hauv Northwest thiab Northeast Tuam Tshoj tau txo qis hauv LGM thiab MH lub sijhawm. Raws li rau lub sijhawm yav tom ntej, qhov chaw nyob uas tsim nyog tau nce ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv piv nrog rau cov sijhawm tam sim no, qhia txog kev nthuav dav rau Northeast thiab Northwest Tuam Tshoj. Cov txiaj ntsig no tuaj yeem muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev tiv thaiv, kev siv dag zog tsim nyog, thiab kev siv cov peev txheej Morchella qus nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev hloov huab cua.

1. Taw qhia

Kev hloov pauv huab cua yog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig uas txhua yam kab mob hauv ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau ntsib txhua lub sijhawm. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv huab cua, spatial geographical distributions thiab faib chaw ntawm hom kuj hloov. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev hloov pauv huab cua hauv ntiaj teb tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov chaw nyob ntawm ntau hom thiab txawm tias qee hom tsiaj tuag [1,2]. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qee hom yuav txav mus rau thaj chaw siab-latitude thiab -altitude thaj tsam ob mus rau peb zaug sai dua yav tom ntej [3]. Yog li, kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam thiab kwv yees qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua ntawm hom kev faib thiab biodiversity tau nyiam heev [4]. Txhawm rau nkag siab txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsiaj sib txawv nyob rau yav tom ntej huab cua, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm hom thiab huab cua yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Ib qho kev daws teeb meem yog siv tus qauv faib hom (SDM). SDM yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv ntawm hom kev faib tawm, thiab nws tau siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb txog biogeography. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, siv hom kev faib cov qauv los kwv yees qhov tseeb thiab muaj peev xwm xa tawm ntawm cov tsiaj txhu [5], cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj [6], thiab cov kab mob sib kis [7] tau dhau los ua qhov kub kub hauv thaj chaw ecology. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm hom kev faib tawm, kev nyab xeeb, av thiab lwm yam (xws li lub peev xwm tsiv teb tsaws ntawm hom) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tsiaj 'geographical distributions rau qee qhov [8]. Ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv faib cov tsiaj thiab ib puag ncig, SDM ua cov ntaub ntawv no rau qee thaj chaw thaj chaw, thiab nws kuj kwv yees cov tsiaj cov cheeb tsam tsim nyog rau kev ciaj sia thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob nyiam [9–11]. Cov SDMs uas tam sim no muaj xws li BIOCLIM, Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Bayesian Approach (BA), Genetic Algorithms (GAs), thiab MaxEnt [12]. Ntawm cov no, MaxEnt siv cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov kev sib raug zoo ib puag ncig los xam lub xeev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj faib nyob rau hauv qee yam kev txwv, uas yog, qhov muaj peev xwm faib cov tsiaj hauv thaj chaw kwv yees thaum lub entropy siab tshaj plaws. Cov qauv no txawv ntawm lwm cov qauv hauv kev xav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw faib khoom, qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv tsis, thiab kev tuav ntawm ib puag ncig hloov pauv [13,14]. Cov qauv feem ntau xav tau cov ntaub ntawv muaj thiab qhov tsis muaj ntawm hom kev faib khoom; Txawm li cas los xij, MaxEnt tsuas yog tso siab rau qhov chaw tiag tiag [15]. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm MaxEnt muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lej, uas yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas. Piv txwv li, ib yam li GLM thiab GAM, qhov ntxiv ntawm tus qauv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txhais tau li cas txhua qhov sib txawv cuam tshuam rau qhov tsim nyog thaum tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov sib txawv [16]. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm MaxEnt qauv yog siab heev uas nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsiaj kom raug rau qee qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qauv me me [17].

Muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm MaxEnt, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau luam tawm cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas siv MaxEnt, muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau ntau yam kev lag luam, xws li kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kab mob, kev tiv thaiv biodiversity, thiab kev xaiv hom tsiaj nyob ib puag ncig. . Tsis tsuas yog MaxEnt tuaj yeem siv rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, tab sis kuj tseem siv tau rau cov kab mob fungal. Sun et al. siv MaxEnt los simulate qhov chaw tsim nyog ntawm cov pandas loj thiab piav qhia cov lus teb ntawm cov tsiaj rau ib puag ncig hloov pauv ntawm cov nplai sib txawv [18]. Liu et al. simulated qhov kev faib tawm ntawm Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Ceercao) nyob rau hauv cov kev nyab xeeb tam sim no thiab kwv yees nws cov kev hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias thaj chaw tsim nyog ntawm Cercao txo ​​qis hauv peb qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom hauv xyoo 2050 thiab 2070s [19]. Yuan et al. kwv yees lub peev xwm faib ntawm Phellinus bauxite Pilát, Phellinus Ignatius (L.) Quél. thiab Phellinus vaninii Ljub. thiab pom tias qhov tseeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau siab [20].

Morchella yog ib pawg ntawm cov fungi tseem ceeb ntawm Morohellaceae ntawm Ascomycotina, uas yog dav faib nyob rau sab qaum teb hemisphere. Vim tias nws cov khoom noj khoom haus nplua nuj thiab tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, Morchella hom nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws uas tau noj tau thiab nyiam cov xim ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob mycologist [21]. Lub ntuj bioactive Cheebtsam [22], xws li polysaccharides, proteins, thiab lipids, muab rho tawm los ntawm Morchella plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob [23], kev tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav [24], thiab kev tiv thaiv oxidation [25] ]. Molecular phylogenetic kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Morchella tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb lub ntsiab evolutionary clades, uas yog, daj Morchella, Dub Morchella, thiab Liab Morchella [26]. East Asia thiab Tuam Tshoj yog qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv thiab ntau qhov chaw ntawm Morchella hom. Tam sim no, ntau tshaj li peb caug hom Morchella tau sau tseg hauv Suav teb [27], uas yog ib lub tebchaws uas muaj cov tsiaj qus Morchella ntau tshaj plaws.

Txawm li cas los xij, overexploitation thiab kev puas tsuaj thaj chaw ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau cov tsiaj qus Morchella [28]; lub caij no, cov kev cai tshwj xeeb thiab ib puag ncig zoo ntawm Morchella txoj kev loj hlob tau luv luv ntev hauv thaj tsam ntawm mycology [29]. Tsis tas li ntawd, Taheri et al. [2] pom tias muaj qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txog thaj chaw ntawm cov kab mob fungi ntsig txog kev hloov pauv huab cua hauv kev sib piv nrog cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Tam sim no, nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias kev hloov pauv huab cua yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau thaj chaw faib ntawm Morchella hom nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Txoj kev tshawb no tsom mus kwv yees qhov muaj peev xwm faib ntawm Morchella hom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm keeb kwm thiab yav tom ntej huab cua raws li MaxEnt qauv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm qhov tsim ntawm Morchella txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev thiab simulate cov kev hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw muaj peev xwm faib ntawm Morchella nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Nws cia siab tias cov txiaj ntsig yuav muab lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb rau biodiversity thiab kev txuag tsiaj qus ntawm Morchella yav tom ntej.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

2.1. Tau qhov twg los ntawm Species Distribution Data

Cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim ntawm Morchella hom tau txais los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv; peb tau txais tag nrho ntawm 288 qhov chaw. Ua ntej, rov ua qhov chaw raug muab pov tseg, thiab tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem tsis siv. Qhov kev daws teeb meem spatial ntawm ib puag ncig yog 2.5 arcminutes thiab spatial coincident cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv 5 km ntawm ib leeg raug muab pov tseg, tso cai rau cov qauv overfitting tshwm sim los ntawm duplicated qhov chaw yuav tsum zam. Thaum kawg, tag nrho ntawm 180 qhov chaw ntawm Morchella tau khaws cia (Daim duab S1 thiab Table S1).

2.2. Environmental Factor Acquisition thiab Pretreatment

Tag nrho ntawm 19 ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb (Bio1–Bio19, Table 1) tau rub tawm los ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Climate Database, thiab tus nqi faib tawm yog 2.5 arcminutes. Tag nrho ntawm 2 qhov sib txawv thiab 7 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av (Table 1) tau txais los ntawm Harmonized World Soil Database. Cov av thiab cov av sib txawv tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Institute of Av Science, Suav Academy of Sciences, thiab European Commission qhov chaw tshawb fawb sib koom. Qhov kev daws teeb meem spatial ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau koom ua ke rau hauv 2.5 arcminutes, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov pauv mus rau ASCII hom siv ArcGIS 10.2. Lub peev xwm faib ntawm Morchella tau raug soj ntsuam nyob rau tsib lub sijhawm, uas yog, Lub Xeem Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid Holocene (MH), tam sim no, 2050s, thiab 2070s. Ob qho tib si yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej huab cua cov ntaub ntawv txais yuav CCSM4.0 qauv luam tawm nyob rau hauv IPCC Fifth Report; peb xaiv peb qhov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom rau lub sijhawm yav tom ntej (Table S2), thiab cov xwm txheej no tau txhais raws li qhov tshwm sim tag nrho cov hluav taws xob quab yuam hauv 2100 [30].

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntau dhau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig vim muaj kev sib txuam siab ntawm ib puag ncig sib txawv [31], ib puag ncig sib txawv thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo tau ua raws li MaxEnt thiab SPSS cov kev pab cuam. Peb siv MaxEnt 3.4.1 qhov kev pab cuam los tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev koom tes raws li kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig thiab cov chaw faib khoom ntawm Morchella, thiab peb teeb tsa cov lus rov ua dua rau 10 zaug. Tom ntej no, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib puag ncig ntawm Morchella tau muab rho tawm siv ArcGIS 10.2, thiab Pearson correlation tsom xam tau ua los ntawm ib puag ncig hloov pauv hauv SPSS 25 (Daim duab 1). Ua ke nrog kev koom tes ntawm ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb, peb khaws cov xwm txheej nrog kev sib raug zoo coefficients hauv qab 0.8 txog rau saum rau yam. Ob peb yam ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kev sib raug zoo coefficient ntau dua|0.8|, thiab tsuas yog ib qho kev sib txawv nrog kev txhawb nqa siab dua tau khaws cia thiab siv hauv MaxEnt qauv [32,33]. Thaum kawg, 18 qhov chaw ib puag ncig tau siv los ua qauv (Table 1).

2.3. MaxEnt Model Analysis

2.3.1. Qauv Parameter Xaiv

Cov chaw faib khoom ntawm Morchella hom thiab 18 qhov chaw ib puag ncig tau raug xa mus rau hauv MaxEnt3.4.1 qhov kev pab cuam rau kev ntsuas qauv. Tag nrho ntawm 25 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm tau raug xaiv los ntawm qhov kev sim ntsuas los tshuaj xyuas cov qauv raug, thiab qhov seem 75 feem pua ​​​​tau siv los ua qhov kev cob qhia [34]. Peb tau khiav 10 bootstrap replicates, uas nws hom yog Subsample. Sib nrug ntawm qhov no, qhov chaw pib xaiv yog qhov siab tshaj plaws kev cob qhia rhiab heev ntxiv rau qhov tshwj xeeb, cov ntawv tso tawm yog Cloglog, thiab lwm yam tsis tau raug tso tseg raws li lawv qhov ua ntej.

2.3.2. Qauv thiab Environmental Variable Evaluation

AUC yog ib qho kev qhia dav dav uas sawv cev rau qhov raug thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm ROC. Nws yog thawj zaug nkag rau hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm hom kev faib qauv raug nyob rau hauv 1997 [35], thiab txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau raug siv los ntsuas cov qauv kev ua yeeb yam. Tus nqi ntawm AUC nyob ntawm 0.5 mus rau 1. Yog tias tus nqi ze dua rau 1, nws txhais tau tias qhov kev kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm tus qauv yog siab dua. Tus nqi AUC nyob rau hauv 0.7 qhia tias qhov simulation nyhuv ntawm tus qauv tsis zoo; tus nqi AUC ntawm 0.7 thiab {{10}}.8 qhia tias qhov kev simulation ntawm tus qauv yog nruab nrab; tus nqi AUC ntawm 0.8 thiab 0.9 qhia tias qhov kev simulation nyhuv ntawm tus qauv yog qhov zoo; thiab muaj tseeb, thaum AUC tus nqi siab dua 0.9, cov nyhuv simulation yog qhov zoo heev [36]. Tsis tas li ntawd, MaxEnt muab ib txoj hauv kev Jackknife los txheeb xyuas cov txheeb ze kev koom tes thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig ntawm Morchella thiab txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig.

2.3.3. Tsim nyog Region Classification

Raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov muaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv IPCC Fifth Report [37], peb rov faib cov chaw nyob uas tsim nyog ntawm Morchella siv Reclass module hauv ArcGIS 10.2 nrog cov txheej txheem ntuj ntu. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm Morchella tau muab faib ua plaub qib uas siv cov txheej txheem ntuj ntu: qhov chaw nyob tsis zoo (0 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm tus nqi Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.13), qhov chaw tsis zoo ({{8} }}.13 < tus nqi Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau {{10}}.35), qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab (0.35 < tus nqi Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.63), thiab qhov chaw nyob siab (0.63 < tus nqi Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1).

2.3.4. Hloov hauv Distribution Center ntawm Morchella

SDM cov cuab yeej yog GIS cov cuab yeej siv los tshuaj xyuas qhov hloov pauv hauv nruab nrab hauv cheeb tsam tsim nyog [38]. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, SDM cov cuab yeej thiab binary haum cheeb tsam ntawm Morchella nyob rau hauv sib txawv lub sij hawm tau siv los xam cov geographical qhov chaw ntawm nws tis center, yog li qhia txog txoj kev ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab spatial evolution ntawm Morchella.

3. Cov txiaj ntsig

3.1. Kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm tus qauv

Raws li pom hauv AUC tus nqi ntawm ROC nkhaus ua haujlwm los ntawm MaxEnt, qhov nruab nrab AUC tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog Morchella muaj peev xwm faib qauv raws li kev nyab xeeb yav dhau los yog {{0}}.907 , thiab qhov nruab nrab AUC tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xeem yog 0.847; nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no, qhov nruab nrab AUC tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev cob qhia yog 0.905, thiab tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xeem yog 0.852; Raws li rau lub sijhawm yav tom ntej, qhov nruab nrab AUC tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev cob qhia yog 0.903, thiab qhov nruab nrab tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xeem yog 0.848 (Table 2). Raws li tus qauv ntsuas ntawm tus nqi AUC, cov txiaj ntsig no zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha.

3.2. Dominant Environmental Factors

Table 3 qhia txog qhov txheeb ze ntawm kev ua qauv ib puag ncig. Bio17, nce siab, Bio11, thiab Bio1 yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau Morchella faib. Hauv LGM, MH, lub sijhawm tam sim no, thiab yav tom ntej (lub sijhawm 2050s thiab 2070s), cov txiaj ntsig sib koom tau nce mus txog 75.8 feem pua, 79.9 feem pua, 70.6 feem pua, 74.6 feem pua, 77.5 feem pua ​​, 74.6 feem pua, 76.8 feem pua, 74.0 feem pua, thiab 80.0 feem pua. Bio17 cuam tshuam Morchella tshaj plaws, thiab nce siab thiab Bio11 yog qhov thib ob thiab thib peb cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, raws li, uas tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Morchella.

Raws li ib qho ntawm cov lus teb nkhaus nkhaus, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb ntawm Morchella muaj qhov tshwm sim tau raug tshuaj xyuas. Qhov tsim nyog ib puag ncig zoo rau kev ciaj sia ntawm Morchella yog raws li hauv qab no: Bio17 yog 11.32–77.78 mm, qhov siab yog 1480.78–3827.03 m, Bio11 yog −5.98–9.32 ◦C, thiab Bio1 yog 6.16–16.98 (gFi).

3.3. Tej zaum Geographical Distribution thiab ntsuam xyuas cov cheeb tsam tsim nyog ntawm Morchella

3.3.1. Cov cheeb tsam tsim nyog yav dhau los

Qhov chaw nyob tsim nyog hauv LGM thiab MH poob qis dua piv rau cov hnub nyoog tam sim no. MaxEnt tau kwv yees tias tag nrho cov cheeb tsam tsim nyog ntawm Morchella tau txo los ntawm 12.43 feem pua ​​​​hauv LGM thiab qhov chaw tsim nyog siab tau txo qis los ntawm 5.07 feem pua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txo qis hauv thaj chaw tsim nyog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Gansu, nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb ntawm Shaanxi, thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Guizhou hauv Suav teb; thaj chaw tsim nyog nruab nrab tau txo qis los ntawm 2.48 feem pua, uas tau kwv yees tias feem ntau tshwm sim hauv XUAR thiab North Tuam Tshoj; thiab qhov chaw tsim nyog qis tau txo qis los ntawm 4.88 feem pua, feem ntau hauv Northeast Tuam Tshoj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm XUAR (Daim duab S2, thiab Tables 4 thiab 5).

Raws li rau MH, qhov kev txo qis tsawg dua li hauv LGM. Muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv MH thiab tam sim no, uas peb tsis tuaj yeem paub meej qhov txawv ntawm cov duab (Figures S2 thiab S3). Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog qhov chaw faib khoom muaj nyob rau hauv Cov Lus 4 thiab 5.

3.3.2. Qhov chaw tsim nyog ntawm Lub Sijhawm Tam Sim No

Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab S3 tias qhov chaw nyob uas tsim nyog ntawm Morchella yog qhov dav heev nyob rau hauv cov huab cua niaj hnub no. Tag nrho thaj chaw uas tsim nyog yog kwv yees li 405.8195 × 104 km2, suav txog 42.34 feem pua ​​​​ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaj chaw (Table 4 thiab 5). Nws tau loj hlob nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj, npog sab qaum teb Yunnan, sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj Tibet, Sichuan, nruab nrab thiab yav qab teb Shaanxi, yav qab teb Shanxi, sab qaum teb Guizhou, sab qab teb Gansu, qaum teb hnub poob Xinjiang thiab qee qhov chaw ntawm Fujian.

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