Magnetoencephalography Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Txog Spatiotemporal Dynamics Ntawm Kev Paub Txog Kev Nco Txog Kev Sib Tham Yooj Yim Yooj Yim

Kev lees paub kev lees paub yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub txog tus txheej txheem uas tso siab rau lub koom haum ntawm ib leeg lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, me ntsis tsis paub txog qhov spatiotemporal dynamics hauv qab ntawm kev paub txog kev hnov ​​​​lus sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj. Txhawm rau kawm txog qhov no, tsis muaj zog 71 tus neeg koom los kawm thiab paub txog cov suab paj nruag yooj yim tonal thiab sib txuam sib luag atonal sequences thaum lawv lub hlwb ua haujlwm raug kaw siv magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Suab paj nruag muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab tsis txaus ntseeg los tig peb rov qab rau lub sijhawm thiab rov nco txog qhov kev nco zoo yav dhau los, lossis ua rau peb nkag siab txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm tam sim no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, suab paj nruag kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb thiab txhim kho peb txoj kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov suab paj nruag ua ntu zus txuas nrog rau kev nco. Qee lub sij hawm peb pom tias peb tuaj yeem nco tau yooj yim cov nkauj rau ib zaj nkauj vim hais tias zaj nkauj txhawb lub ntsiab lus hauv peb lub hlwb thiab ua kom lub cim xeeb los ntawm kev rov ua si. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum peb tab tom kawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, peb tuaj yeem nco tau yooj yim dua los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv nrog suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag. Ntau tus kws kho mob thiab cov kws qhia ntawv pom zoo kom siv suab paj nruag los ua lub cim xeeb los txhim kho kev kawm.

Ntxiv rau qhov no, suab paj nruag tuaj yeem txhim kho peb lub siab lub ntsws thiab ua rau peb so thiab ua kom pom tseeb. Thaum peb nkees lossis ntxhov siab, cov suab paj nruag so tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem tam sim ntawd. Cov suab paj nruag zoo li no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua kom lub siab ntxhov siab thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho peb lub zog thiab ua siab ntev.

Txhua yam, suab paj nruag yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub neej thiab tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb lub cim xeeb thiab kev muaj peev xwm kawm. Yog li, txawm tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm lossis kawm, koj tuaj yeem siv qee cov suab paj nruag los pab koj tus kheej. Kuv ntseeg tias qhov no tuaj yeem pab koj ua tiav koj txoj haujlwm zoo dua thiab ua rau koj lub neej zoo dua. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho peb txoj kev tiv thaiv. Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv zoo vim Cistanche deserticola yog cov khoom siv tshuaj suav tshuaj suav nrog ntau yam tshwj xeeb, ib qho ntawm kev txhim kho kev nco. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nqaij minced los ntawm ntau yam khoom xyaw uas nws muaj, nrog rau cov kua qaub, polysaccharides, flavonoids, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem txhawb lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv ntau txoj hauv kev.

Nyem Paub Short-term Nco yuav ua li cas txhim kho

Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm neural nyob ntawm kev ua kom lub cev tsis sib xws: kev paub txog cov tonal sequences koom nrog hippocampal thiab cingulate thaj chaw, hos kev lees paub ntawm atonal sequences feem ntau ua rau kev sib tham ua lag luam. lub tswv yim hais tias stimulus complexity qualitatively hloov cov neuralpathways ntawm kev nco nco.

Kev nkag siab thiab lees paub cov suab sib txawv yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev paub txog kev vam khom ntawm neural mechanisms uas tseem tsis tau paub meej. Yuav kom nco txog cov suab sib txawv, peb yuav nyob ntawm lub sijhawm lub koom haum ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov khoom thiab kev nco ua haujlwm.

Lub cim xeeb encoding yuav siv qhov chaw hauv hippocampus 2–4, uas cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus rau kev paub txog kev nco tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cheeb tsam sib cuam tshuam hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cev, suav nrog lub hippocampus, insula, thiab sab cev nqaij daim tawv cortex2,5,6. Rau kev sib sau nco, kev sib txuas lus ntawm hippocampal thiab neocortical thaj chaw yog xav tau 7-9. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb siv cov kev pom zoo li qub, xws li cov duab ntawm cov khoom, ntsej muag, lossis cov xwm txheej ntuj 10–12.Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub ntsiab lus tseem nthuav dav dhau lub sijhawm thaum lub hlwb sim twv seb qhov stimuli yuav los tom ntej raws li kev sawv cev ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, kom nkag siab zoo txog kev paub txog kev nco thiab nws cov hauv paus hauv lub hlwb nrawm nrawm, cov txheej txheem tshiab yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo uas qhia txog lub cev ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev stimuli. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev kawm cov haujlwm neural hauv qab ntawm kev ua cov suab sib txuas uas tau txais los ntawm lawv cov evolution dhau sijhawm, xws li suab paj nruag13–15.

Ob peb cov kev tshawb fawb neuroscientific tau tshawb nrhiav cov neural underpinnings ntawm lub suab paj nruag nco, raws li tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Campo thiabBrattico16. Piv txwv li, siv cov kev ua haujlwm resonance imaging (fMRI) thiab cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj mloog suab paj nruag, Alluri li al.17 tau tshawb xyuas cov neural correlates ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag thiab qhia txog kev ua kom paub txog kev txawj ntse, lub cev muaj zog, thiab limbic hlwb tes hauj lwm rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm timbral, tonal, andrhythmic nta. . Tom qab ntawd, siv tib lub stimuli, Burunatet al.18 tau tshaj tawm txog kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev nco txog thiab lub cev muaj zog hauv cheeb tsam thaum paub txog cov suab paj nruag motifs. Txawm hais tias lawv qhov kev koom tes, cov kev tshawb fawb no tsis pom qhov zoo-grainedtemporal mechanisms ntawm suab encoding thiab nco cov txheej txheem.

Tsis ntev los no, peb tau muab cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub cev ntev ntawm magnetoencephalography (MEG) nrog lub siab spatial daws teeb meem ntawm magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) los kawm txog suab paj nruag paub. gyrus, frontal operculum, cingulate gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, thiab hippocampus thaum lub sij hawm lees paub ntawm auditory (suab paj nruag) sequences19-21. Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov kev tshawb fawb no tau muab kev pom tshwj xeeb rau hauv neuralmechanisms hauv qab qhov kev lees paub ntawm lub cev ntu ntu.Dab tsi tseem yuav tau hais txog yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem no tau hloov kho los ntawm kev txhawb nqa nyuaj.

Ntawm no, peb siv melodic sequences, qhov twg lub ntsiab lus tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm ib tug neeg tones nyob rau lub sij hawm 21, thiab varied lub suab tis kom tau txais tshiab, complex musicalsequences. Nyob rau hauv no scenario, encoding thiab lees paub ntawm themusical sequences loj nyob ntawm seb qhov kev txiav txim sequential ntawm thetones uas suav nrog nws. Peb thawj zaug xaiv cov suab paj nruag raws li cov cai ntawm tonality, uas yog cov suab paj nruag tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub poob nrov suab paj nruag22. Thib ob, los ntawm kev hloov kho lub suab sib txawv (piv txwv li, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm pitches) thaum ua kom tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv (xws li, atherosclerosis, tempo, timbre) tas li, peb tau tsim cov suab paj nruag sib luag. Lub stimulusmanipulation yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los, uas tau tshaj tawm tias tonal es tsis yog atonal suab paj nruag sequences yog tag nrho yooj yim rau txheej txheem23-27 thiab ntau txaus siab los ntawm non-expertlisteners27-29. Tsis zoo li cov suab paj nruag tonal, cov suab paj nruag atonal yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov chaw tonal meej thiab hierarchicalstability, uas txo nws txoj kev kwv yees tus nqi thiab ua rau nce ntxiv qhov kev twv ua yuam kev 23-26,30. Yog li, peb cia siab tias kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm tonal yuav txo qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov atonal sequences, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxiv rau kev paub txog lawv.

Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no peb tau siv MEG thiab kev paub txog kev lom zem ua haujlwm 19-21 thaum cov neeg koom nrog mloog thiab lees paub cov suab paj nruag (suab paj nruag) ua ntu zus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab tsom los piav txog qhov zoo-grained spatiotemporaldynamics ntawm auditory recognition nco. Ua raws li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los 17–21, peb xav tias qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov kev sib txuas lus yuav qhib lub hlwb sib txuas uas suav nrog ob qho tib si auditory (xws li, thawj auditory cortex, superiortemporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, insula) andmemory hippocaegate ( gyrus).

Peb ntxiv kev xav tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm neural yuav raug faib ua ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tau cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm ob txoj kev paub sib txawv: qhov qeeb zaus band cuam tshuam txog kev lees paub ntawm tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ib ntus hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm nco, thiab cov zaus zaus band cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub suab. ntawm lub suab paj nruag sequence inauditory regions. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, peb xav tias, raws li kev txhawb nqa qhov nyuaj, cov suab paj nruag tonal yuav ua tau zoo dua li cov suab paj nruag atonal, uas yuav cuam tshuam txog kev coj cwj pwm sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem neural sib txawv thaum lub sij hawm lees paub ntawm tonal thiab atonal sequences.

Peb qhov kev coj cwj pwm thiab cov txiaj ntsig neural pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom ntawm tonal thiab atonal sequences. Sourcereconstruction analyses qhia sib txawv activation pawg fortonal thiab atonal sequences. Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov haujlwm neural muaj zog dua hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm nco txog kev nco txog tonalsequences thiab hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm rau kev nco txog kev ua tiav.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Cov ntaub ntawv coj tus cwj pwm. Cov neeg koom tau ua txoj haujlwm qub / tshiab auditoryrecognition (Fig. 1). Lawv thawj zaug tau mloog tag nrho cov suab paj nruag (encoding) thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas cov suab paj nruag ib ntus tau cim los yog tshiab. Thaum lub sijhawm lees paub, cov neeg koom nrog cov lus teb raug thiab lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau sau tseg siv lub joystick. Cov ntaub ntawv coj tus cwj pwm no tau raug txheeb xyuas los tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm plaub qhov kev sim (memorized tonal sequences, new tonal sequences, memorized atonal sequences, and novel atonal sequences).

Ib txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) tau qhia tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus teb raug yog qhov tseem ceeb, F(3,280)=6.87, p=0.002. Cov kev soj ntsuam tom qab hoc qhia tau hais tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov lus teb raug yog qhov qis dua ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv (M=30.98, SD=5.46) dua li fornovel atonal (M=34.51, SD=4.26, p < 0.001), memorized tonal(M=34.34, SD=5.95, p=0.002) and new tonal sequences(M { {24}}.41, SD=6.04, p=0.001). Daim duab 2a qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej siv raincloud plots31.

Hais txog lub sij hawm nruab nrab, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej raws li tau txiav txim los ntawm ib txoj kev ANOVA, F(3, 280)=4.94, p=0.002. Post-hoc analysesrevealed tias lub sij hawm nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov qis dua formemorized tonal sequences (M=1735.17, SD=259.91) piv rau memorized atonal (M=1879.44, SD { {14}}.34, p=0.005) thiab tshiab atonal sequences (M=1873.78, SD =250.48, p=0.007), tab sis tsis piv rau cov suab lus tshiab (M=1799.52, SD=267.14, p=.450). Daim duab 2b qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej.

Cov ntaub ntawv tus lej rau kev coj tus cwj pwm yog muab hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ntxiv 1.

MEG sensor data. Cov ntaub ntawv MEG (204 planar gradiometers thiab 102 magnetometers) tau txheeb xyuas ntawm qib MEG sensor, siv cov teeb liab broadband. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov cheeb tsam hauv lub hlwb koom nrog kev paub txog tonal piv rau atonal suab paj nruag ib ntus, MEG sensor cov ntaub ntawv raug tshuaj xyuas seb cov teeb liab neural puas txawv heev rau kev nco dua li kev sim tshiab thiab yog li yuav lees paub cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los 19,20.

Tom qab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv epoched ntawm qhov kev sim ua kom raug rau txhua qhov kev sim thiab sib txuas cov qauv ntsuas gradiometers, khub-piv txwv t-kev sim tau ua los txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej twg (memorized lossis tshiab) tsim muaj zog neural teeb liab rau txhua lub sij hawm qauv thiab MEG sensor. Cluster-based MCS tau muab xam los kho rau ntau qhov sib piv. Qhov no tau ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej rau ob qho tib si tonal thiab atonal cov ntaub ntawv (saib Methods kom paub meej).

Ua ntej, khub-sample t-tests (=0.01) raug xam rau cov ntaub ntawv thetonal nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv 0-2500 ms (los ntawm qhov pib ntawm Hais txog cov ntaub ntawv atonal, Paired-samples t-tests (=0.01) raug xam nyob rau tib lub sijhawm (0–2500 ms) siv cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas sib xyaw. {13}}.001, 1000 permutations). Cov txheej txheem no tau txheeb xyuas peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog thaum sib piv cov cim cim nrog cov ntawv sau tshiab (Table 2, Cov duab ntxiv 3, thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ntxiv 2). Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua ub no tau pom (Table 2, Supplementary Fig. 4, thiab SupplementaryData 2).

Qhov chaw reconstruction. Tom qab kuaj xyuas lub zog ntawm cov teeb liab tom qab ntawm MEG sensor theem, peb tau tsom mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, uas yog los tshawb xyuas qhov sib txawv neural hauv qab qhov kev lees paub ntawm tonal piv rau atonal musicalsequences hauv MEG reconstructed qhov chaw. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, peb tau txheeb xyuas lub hlwb cov chaw ntawm cov xwm txheej ntsig txog kev sau tseg los ntawm MEG raws. Qhov no tau ua rau ob qho tib si thetonal thiab atonal sequences thiab rau ob zaus bands (slow[0.1–1 Hz] thiab sai [2–8 Hz]) uas tau siv hauv Bonettiet al.19,20 thiab txuas rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho khoom siv (qeeb) txheeb ze rau tag nrho cov kab ke (ceev). Cov kev soj ntsuam ntxiv tau muab suav ua piv rau lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog qeeb thiab nrawm nrawm thiab tshuaj xyuas cov qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv delta (1-4 Hz) thiab theta (5-8 Hz) zaus bands.

Tsawg zaus band (0.1–1 Hz). Cov peev txheej neural tau suav nrog kev siv beamformer mus kom ze. Ua ntej, tus qauv rau pem hauv ntej tau xam los ntawm kev txiav txim siab txhua lub hlwb qhov chaw ua haujlwm dipole thiab suav nws lub zog thoob plaws MEG sensors. Thib ob, abeamforming algorithm tau siv los ua tus qauv hloov pauv los kwv yees lub hlwb ntawm cov haujlwm neural raws li MEG kaw.

Tom qab xam cov neural qhov chaw, GLM tau suav cov sijhawm teem sijhawm thiab qhov chaw dipole. Ib qho kev xeem t-kev sim (=0.05) tau ua tiav ntawm thawj qib thiab pab pawg los kwv yees qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev nco thiab cov xwm txheej tshiab thiab lawv qhov sib piv rau cov ntaub ntawv tonal thiab atonal ntawm nws tus kheej. Cluster-based MCS(=0.001, 1000 permutations) raug xam los kho rau ntau qhov kev sib piv thiab txiav txim siab lub hlwb ua haujlwm raws li kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Cov kev soj ntsuam no tau ua tiav rau tsib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb uas sib xws rau txhua lub suab uas suav nrog cov kab ke: firsttone (0–250 ms), lub suab thib ob (251–500 ms), lub suab thib peb (501–750 ms), plaub lub suab (751– 1000 ms), thiab lub suab thib tsib (1001-1250 ms). Qhov no tau kwv yees rau lub cim nco txog qhov sib piv rau ob qho tib si tonal thiab atonal sequences ntawm nws tus kheej thiab rau memorized tonal piv rau memorized atonal sequences.

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua si (p < 0.001) tau nyob thoob plaws ntau lub hlwb voxels (k) rau txhua lub suab ntawm lub suab sib luag, raws li tau tshaj tawm hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ntxiv 3. Rau cov cim tonalsequences, cov haujlwm neural yog tag nrho muaj zog rau thib peb (k=69), plaub (k=266), thiab thib tsib lub suab (k=229).

Qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws tau nyob hauv nruab nrab cingulate gyrus, thaj tsam ntawm lub cev muaj zog, precuneus, thiab sab laug lingual gyrus rau lub suab thib peb; sab laug amygdala sab laug parahippocampal gyrus, leftlingual gyrus, sab laug hippocampus, thiab nruab nrab cingulate gyrus rau plaub lub suab, thiab lub anterior thiab nruab nrab cingulate gyrus thiab sab laug lingual gyrus rau lub suab kawg. Rau qhov tshiab tonal sequences, lub hlwb kev ua si muaj zog rau thawj (k=54) thiab thib ob tones (k=29). Tshwj xeeb, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus tshiab thiab nco tau muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau sab laug calcarine fissure, sab laug lingual gyrus, sab laug hippocampus, sab laug precuneus, thiab sab laug sab sab ntawm lub cev gyrus rau thawj lub suab, thiab txoj cai fusiformgyrus, txoj cai lingual gyrus, thiab txoj cai inferior. rau cov suab lus no. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov cim cim thiab cov suab lus tshiab rau cov qhab qeeb yog piav qhia hauv daim duab 3a.

For more information:1950477648nn@gmail.com