Long-term Memory Interference raug daws ntawm Repulsion Thiab Precision along Diagnostic Memory Dimensions Part 4

Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam uas rov ua ke cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Kev sim 2 thiab 3, peb tau sim seb puas tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb tshaj qhov tau kwv yees los ntawm qhov tsis raug kos npe (qhov deb ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas) thiab qhov tseeb (ntawm qhov ntsuas diam) . Nco tseg: Cov kev txheeb xyuas hauv qab no tsis suav nrog cov nqes hav rau qhov tsis raug kos npe los yog qhov tseeb (saib Cov Txheej Txheem rau qhov laj thawj).

Hauv lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm kev siv tshuab ntse, peb feem ntau ntsib txhua yam ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no thiab cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau peb cov kev txiav txim siab thiab kev txiav txim. Yog tias peb tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov tsis ncaj ncees thiab kho lawv, peb tuaj yeem txhim kho peb qhov tseeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Thaum kwv yees kev tsis ncaj ncees, peb kuj yuav tsum muaj lub cim xeeb muaj zog los sau thiab rov qab cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev twv ua ntej thiab kev nco yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.

Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kev nco zoo pab peb nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau peb txheeb xyuas thiab kho qhov sib txawv. Kev twv tsis ncaj ncees kuj pab txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb. Vim tias peb yuav tsum siv lub cim xeeb los sib piv thiab lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no yuav txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub hlwb cov haujlwm neural thiab lub peev xwm nco.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev nco tuaj yeem pab peb ua tiav thiab ntseeg siab hauv lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm. Raws li kev kwv yees tsis zoo thiab kev nco zoo tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv kom raug, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab thiab txiav txim siab zoo dua, ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntau dua thiab txaus siab rau txhua yam.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev twv ua ntej thiab kev nco yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias peb tuaj yeem txhawb nqa peb qhov kev twv ua ntej thiab kev nco, peb yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Nws pom tau tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb. Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco, vim Cistanche deserticola tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov neurotransmitters, xws li nce qib ntawm acetylcholine thiab kev loj hlob. Cov khoom no tseem ceeb heev rau kev nco thiab kev kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqaij kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntshav khiav thiab txhawb nqa cov pa oxygen, uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub hlwb tau txais cov as-ham txaus thiab lub zog, yog li txhim kho lub hlwb tseem ceeb thiab kev ua siab ntev.

Nyem paub 10 txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev nco

Siv hierarchical linear regressions nrog cov teebmeem ntawm qhov kev sim (Exp. 2, Exp. 3) thiab feature dimension (txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau cuam tshuam los yog poj niam txiv neej), tus qauv ft tau zoo dua qub, piv rau tus qauv null, thaum tsis kos npe yuam kev lossis qhov tseeb yog ntxiv (unsigned yuam kev: χ2(1)=16.42, p < 0.001, unsigned. yuam kev=-5.72, SE=1.40; precision: χ2 (1)=30.27, p< 0.001, βprecision = -5.91, SE = 1.06). In other words, lower unsigned error and greater precision were associated with better associative memory. Critically, however, model ft significantly improved when bias was added to a model that already included unsigned error and precision (χ2 (1) = 4.39, p = 0.036, βbias = 2.38, SE = 1.11). 

Yog li, kev tsis ncaj ncees kwv yees ua ke nrog kev nco qhov tseeb tshaj qhov tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb thiab tsis raug kos npe. Qhov tseem ceeb, tus qauv ft kuj tau txhim kho zoo thaum qhov tseeb tau ntxiv rau tus qauv uas twb muaj qhov tsis raug kos npe thiab tsis ncaj ncees lawm (χ2(1)=26.51,p < 0.001, prec=-5. 64, SE=1.08). Ua ke, cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam no qhia tau hais tias kev tsis ncaj ncees (repulsion) thiab qhov tseeb - txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev ntsuas (Daim duab S2A, OSM)- tau kwv yees tus kheej ntawm kev sib koom ua haujlwm nco (Daim duab 5).

Kev sib tham

Hauv peb qhov kev sim peb pom tias qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev nco mus ntev ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thiab qhov tshwj xeeb hloov pauv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev nco. Peb ntsuas cov kev hloov pauv no siv ob lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag (tseem ceeb, poj niam txiv neej), tso cai rau peb cais kev ntsuas kev nco nrog rau qhov adimension uas tau kuaj pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsej muag zoo sib xws thiab qhov loj me uas tsis yog kev kuaj mob ntawm qhov sib txawv. Peb pom tias lub cim xeeb raws li kev kuaj mob featuredimensions nthuav tawm ob yam tseem ceeb: (1) ib qho systematicbias (repulsion) uas exaggerated qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo sib xws, thiab (2) precision ntau dua (qis variability). Thaum kawg, peb pom tias repulsion thiab precision tau ntawm nws tus kheej kwv yees. ntawm kev cuam tshuam txog kev nco yuam kev.

Txawm hais tias peb lub tswv yim tau ua qauv tom qab kev tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam classic (Anderson, 2003; Andersonet al., 1994; Anderson li al., 2000), qhov kev cuam tshuam uas peb tau pom yog txawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam classic. Yog tias muaj dab tsi, cuam tshuam kwv yees qhov kev nyiam hauv kev nco qab. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm peb tus qauv tsim yog lub ntsej muag nco tau tsuas yog kuaj tom qab kev kawm thiab kev xyaum (Chanales li al., 2021; Zhao li al., 2021). Tseeb tiag, peb tau pom tias ntau dua repulsion nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb feature tau txuam nrog kev cuam tshuam qis dua hauv kev sib koom ua ke nco.

Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev sib raug zoo no tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua los ntawm kev siv peb qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ua ntej hauv Kev sim 3, peb saib txoj kev hloov kho tshiab raws li txoj hauv kev zoo dua rau kev tuav cov lus teb tsis zoo, thiab kev sib raug zoo uas peb tau pom tau dav dav thoob plaws kev sim thiab tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv Kev sim 3. repulsion thiab associative nco raug yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum xav tias repulsion fundamentally qhia txog ib daim ntawv ntawm kev nco yuam kev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov yuam kev peb pom tsis tau muab faib ua ntu zus; es tsis txhob, nws tau systematicallybiased deb ntawm kev sib tw nco, yog li nce tus sawv cev nyob deb ntawm kev nco.

Cov kev tshawb pom no ntxiv cov pov thawj ntawm kev xav zoo sib xws hauv kev ua haujlwm nco (Bae & Lucky, 2017; Chen et al., 2019; Chunharas li al., 2018; Chunharas et al., 2019; Golomb, 2015) thiab kev saib xyuas (Won et al. , 2020; Yu & Geng, 2019). Lub ubiquity ntawm cov kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob thoob plaws cov thawj coj qhia hais tias repulsion yog ib qho tseem ceeb, adaptive mechanism rau daws kev cuam tshuam.

Lub hauv paus thiab tshiab tsom xam ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yog sib piv kev rov qab los ntawm kev kuaj mob piv rau qhov tsis muaj kev kuaj mob. Qhov tseeb tias repulsion tau muaj zog dua rau qhov kev kuaj pom qhov loj me muab pov thawj tseem ceeb tias kev nco tsis tau thoob ntiaj teb exaggerated (kwv yees rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub ntsej muag) hauv kev teb rau kev sib tw. Qhov tseem ceeb, hauv cov kev tshawb fawb uas tsuas yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov ntsuas tau raug soj ntsuam (Chanales li al., 2021; Zhao li al., 2021), qhov kev txhais lus no tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas vim hais tias daim duab qhia ntawm cov nyhuv thiab poj niam txiv neej thiab qhov kev kuaj mob thiab tsis kuaj qhov ntev yog counterbalanced nyob rau hauv cov neeg koom, peb cov txiaj ntsig tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txog ntawm abias raws li ib qho kev nthuav dav uas dav dav thoob plaws lub ntsej muag, raws li tej zaum yuav tshwm sim hauv qeb kawm (Goldstone, 1998 ; Goldstone & Steyvers, 2001). Thaum kawg, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab kev cuam tshuam nco tau xaiv rau qhov kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb, lees paub tias globalbiases tsis hloov pauv. Yog li, kev sib tw ua rau lub hom phiaj thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv uas nyiam tshwm sim ntawm qhov loj me uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntxub ntxaug.

Cov kev tshawb pom no muab kev txhawb nqa tshiab rau kev suav cov qauv ntawm kev nco txog kev cuam tshuam uas tawm tswv yim, kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb hauv kev nco sawv cev (Hulbert & Norman, 2015; Norman et al., 2006; Norman et al., 2007).

Raws li nrog cov kev cuam tshuam rov qab, cov kev cuam tshuam qhov tseeb weobserved yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam.Tshwj xeeb, qhov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej tau pom tias cuam tshuam txo qhov tseeb hauv kev nco (Berens li al.,2020; Pertzov li al., 2017; Sun et al., 2017), peb qhov kev tshawb pom qhia tias kev cuam tshuam kev nco tau cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb ze nce hauv kev nco meej thaum muab piv rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis yog qhov ntsuas.
Qhov tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los xij, peb txhais qhov tseeb raws li tus qauv sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ntsuas rov ua dua ntawm tib lub cim xeeb. Qhov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov tseeb no yog orthogonal rau repulsion (los yog qhov tseeb) raws li nws xav txog qhov sib xws nrog lub ntsej muag tau nco txog, tsis hais qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev nco qab thiab qhov tseeb (qhov yuam kev tiag). Muab lwm txoj hauv kev, yog tias txhua lub ntsej muag yog sawv cev los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas yuav nco qab, kev rov ua dua yuav cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kev faib tawm no thaum qhov tseeb yuav cuam tshuam txo qis qhov sib txawv hauv qhov kev faib tawm no (Yu & Geng, 2019).

Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb vim hais tias qhov kev ntsuas ua ntej ntawm kev nco txog qhov tseeb feem ntau xav tias muaj kev faib tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov tseeb (veridical) memoryvalue (xws li, Brady li al., 2013; Cooper & Ritchey, 2019; Harlow & Donaldson, 2013; Harlow & Yonelinas, 2016; Nilakantan et al., 2017; Nilakantan et al., 2018; Rhodeset al., 2020; Richter et al., 2016). Txawm hais tias qhov no yog qhov kev xav tsim nyog hauv ntau lub ntsiab lus, qhov kev tshawb pom tam sim no muab pov thawj tseeb, hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nco cuam tshuam, tias qhov kev xav no raug ua txhaum.

Ib txoj hauv kev nthuav dav rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav yog tus cwj pwm kev sib raug zoo ntawm repulsion thiab precision.Ntawm no, cov kev ntsuas no tau ua lej sib txawv thiab tau kwv yees tus kheej ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev nco. Txawm li cas los xij, kev rov ua dua thiab kev txiav txim siab ob qho tib si muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sawv cev kev ncua deb ntawm kev sib tw nco thiab yog li ntawd yuav ua rau lub hom phiaj sib xws. Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev ntsuas no, nrog ntau dua kev rov ua dua qhov tseeb dua (Fig. S2A, OSM). Yog li, kev rov ua dua thiab qhov tseeb yuav yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, peb pom tau hais tias qhov kev nco tau raug hloov kho thiab hloov pauv hauv cov hom phiaj thiab hloov kho txoj hauv kev teb rau kev cuam tshuam. Whereas nws yog intuitive rau conceptualize cuam tshuam kev daws teeb meem raws li ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb yuam kev, peb cov kev tshawb pom txhawb ib tug txawv saib nyob rau hauv uas systematic nco yuam kev txhim kho kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov zoo ib yam.

Kev lees paub Peb ua tsaug rau Alex Tremblay-McGaw, Qadry Collins, thiab Yu Wang rau kev pab nrog sau cov ntaub ntawv. Peb ua tsaug rau AlexTremblay-McGaw, Krista Wurscher, Ireland Johnson, Taylor Herman, Emily Carlson, thiab Alexia Andres rau lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag.

Tus sau cov nyiaj pab MD thiab BK tau xeeb thiab tsim txoj kev kawm, sau ntawv, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. MD saib xyuas lossis ua txhua qhov kev sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab sau cov ntawv sau rau kev nthuav qhia thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov lus tshaj tawm

Kev pom zoo kev coj ncaj ncees Kev pom zoo tau txais los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm University of Oregon. Cov txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm no ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Helsinki.

Kev pom zoo los koom Kev pom zoo tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb.

Qhib Kev Nkag Mus Tshooj no tau tso cai raws li Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Daim ntawv tso cai thoob ntiaj teb, uas tso cai siv, sib koom, hloov kho, faib, thiab luam tawm hauv ib qho nruab nrab lossis hom ntawv, tsuav yog koj muab credit rau tus thawj sau ntawv ( s) thiab qhov chaw, muab qhov txuas mus rau Creative Commons daim ntawv tso cai, thiab qhia seb puas tau hloov pauv. Cov duab lossis lwm yam khoom siv thib peb hauv tsab xov xwm no suav nrog hauv tsab xov xwm Creative Commons daim ntawv tso cai tshwj tsis yog tias tau qhia ua lwm yam hauv kab qiv nyiaj rau cov khoom siv. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis suav nrog hauv tsab xov xwm Creative Commons daim ntawv tso cai thiab koj qhov kev npaj siv tsis raug tso cai los ntawm txoj cai lij choj lossis tshaj qhov kev tso cai siv, koj yuav tau txais kev tso cai ncaj qha los ntawm tus tuav ntaub ntawv. Mus saib daim ntawv tso cai no.

Cov ntaub ntawv

1. Anderson, MC (2003). Rethinking cuam tshuam txoj kev xav: Executivecontrol thiab mechanisms ntawm tsis nco qab. Phau ntawv Journal of Memory andLanguage, 49(4), 415–445.

2. Anderson, MC, & Spellman, BA (1995). Ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm inhibitory mechanisms nyob rau hauv kev paub: nco retrieval raws li ib tug qauv case.Psychological Review, 102(1), 68.

3. Anderson, MC, Bjork, RA, & Bjork, EL (1994). Kev nco qab tuaj yeem ua rau tsis nco qab: rov ua kom muaj zog hauv kev nco mus ntev.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(5), 1063.

4. Anderson, MC, Bjork, EL, & Bjork, RA (2000). Retrieval induced forgetting: Pov thawj rau ib qho kev nco qab tshwj xeeb.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(3), 522–530.

5. Bae, GY, & Luck, SJ (2017). Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov pom kev ua haujlwm nco txog sawv cev. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 79(8), 2376–2395.

6. Barr, DJ, Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, HJ (2013). Randomeffects qauv rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev xav pom tseeb: Khaws nws qhov siab tshaj plaws. Phau ntawv Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255–278.

7.Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2014). Haum linearmixed-cov teebmeem qauv siv lme4. arXiv

8.Berens, SC, Richards, BA, & Horner, AJ (2020). Dissociatingmemory accessibility thiab precision nyob rau hauv tsis nco qab. Nature HumanBehaviour, 4(8), 866–877.

9.Brady, TF, Konkle, T., Gill, J., Oliva, A., & Alvarez, GA (2013).Visual long-term memory has the same limit on fidelity as visualworking memory. Psychological Science, 24(6), 981–990.

10.Brainard, DH (1997). Psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision, 10(4), 433–436.

For more information:1950477648nn@gmail.com