Lub luag haujlwm tshiab rau lymphatics hauv mob raum raug mob: Pab tau lossis txiv neej?
Mar 09, 2023
Abstract: Mob raum raug mob, ib qho kev poob qis hauv lub raum pom, yog ib qho kev xav tsis thoob uas muaj ntau yam pathology.tshwm sim los ntawm cov xwm txheej ischemic, kab mob hauv zos lossis kab mob hauv lub cev, lossis tshuaj lom neeg ua rau muaj tshuaj lom nyob hauvraum. Unchecked, mob raum raug mob tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, thiab txawm tias rov zooCov neeg mob lub raum raug mob hnyav yog qhov muaj feem pheej hmoo rau kev tsim lub raum mob rau yav tom ntejkab mob. Qhov pib ntawm qhov mob, qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab yuav ua li cas zooKev kho mob o tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv mob raum raug mob-rau-mob raum kab mobkev vam meej. Lymphatic hlab ntsha thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv cov kua dej, kuab tshuaj, antigen, thiab tiv thaiv kab mobkev thauj mus los ntawm tes ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub raum raug mob.Lymphatics tau ua pov thawj tias yog lub hom phiaj txaus nyiam hauv kev tswj kev mob thiab immunomodulationHauv lwm cov pathologies: cov tswv yim no puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau mob raum raug mob?Kev tshawb fawb mob raum mob tau txheeb xyuas cov qib lymphangiogenic ligands hauv qab nomob raum raug mob, nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov lymphatics hauv ob peb qauv tom qab raug mob. Manipulating lymphatics nyob rau hauv mob raum raug mob, los ntawm augmenting los yog inhibiting lawvkev loj hlob los yog los ntawm kev tsom mus rau lymphatic-immune kev sib cuam tshuam, tau ntsib nrog ntau yam zoo, tsis zoo, thiab qee zaum ua tsis tiav. Qhov no minireview luv luv luv luv covKev tshawb pom ntawm lymphatic hloov pauv thiab lub luag haujlwm lymphatic hauv cov lus teb inflammatory hauv lub raum tom qab mob raum raug mob mus rausib tham seb lub raum lymphatics puas yog ib qho txiaj ntsig, txiv neej, lossis tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau kev mob raum rov qab.
Ntsiab lus: Mob raum raug mob, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, o, lymphangiogenesis
Taw qhia: AKI yog kab mob inflammatory uas cuam tshuam nrognce kev tuag, cov xwm txheej tsis zoo ntawm cov hlab plawv, thiabnce nqi tsev kho mob.1–3 Mob raum mob (AKI),raws li tau hais los ntawm Kab Mob Raum: Txhim Kho Ntiaj Teb Cov Txheej Txheem(KDIGO), yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm a 0.3 mg/dL nce hauvntshav creatinine hauv 48 teev lossis nce ntawm 1.5 los ntawmLub hauv paus ntshav creatinine tshwm sim hauv yav dhau losxya hnub los yog ib<0.5 mL/kg/h txo cov zis tso zisdhau ib lub sijhawm 6-h.4 Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, feem ntau ua rauntawm AKI suav nrog kev raug mob nephrotoxic, kua ntim tsis txaus,thiab ischemia, nrog kev tshawb fawb kwv yees tias 50 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mobnkag mus rau ICU yuav nthuav tawm AKI.5,6 Lwm yam hauv qabkev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv xws li kab mob plawv, kev laus, ntshav qab zib,thiab kub siab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim AKI.1 Txawm hais tias ntau tus neeg mob tau zoo rov qab los ntawm AKI,Kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau pom tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawmAKI tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej kev loj hlob ntawm lub raum mobkab mob (CKD).6–8 CKD yog txuam nrog kev poob zuj zushauv lub raum ua haujlwm, uas ua rau muaj kab mob plawvtxaus ntshai thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Hloov rauLub raum ntshav khiav thiab biology ntawm cov ntshav endotheliumhauv AKI tau kawm zoo - nkag siab zoo li ntshavflow thiab filtration yog cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub raum ua haujlwm- thaum lub luag haujlwm ntawm lymphatic vasculature muajtau ntau unappreciated. Lymphatic hlab ntsha tswjcov ntaub so ntswg homeostasis los ntawm cov kua thiab electrolyte tshuav nyiaj li cas,kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev lag luam, thiab antigen thiab kev tsimntawm kev thauj mus los. Cov luag haujlwm no ua rau lymphatics muaj peev xwmib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub raum ua haujlwm thiab inflammatoryteb rau AKI. Ntxiv pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv pausqhia tias lymphatics thiab lymphangiogenesis, ibexpansion ntawm lymphatic network, yog ib feem ntawm AKIteb.9–11 Qhov no minireview yog li aims los xaus lubkev tshawb fawb tam sim no ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo lossis kev ua phem ntawmlymphatics hauv AKI thiab yuav ua li cas lub raum lymphangiogenesistej zaum yuav yog ib lub hom phiaj los hloov qhov inflammatory ib puag ncigtom qab AKI los tiv thaiv CKD kev nce qib. Cistanchetau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob nephritis ntev. Hauv qab tus kws kho mobr txoj kev taw qhia kom raug, los ntawm ntau qhov kev kawm ntawm kev noj, tus neeg mob tus mob nephritis muaj qee yam kev pab cuam.
Yees duab: Faw Cistanche
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lymphatics thiab lymphatic raum physiology: Feem ntau, lymphatic vasculature yog ib qho tseem ceeb regulator nyob rau hauvlub cev muaj lub luag haujlwm los txhawb kev noj zaub mov lipid nqusthiab tshem tawm ntawm interstitial macromolecules thiabrau kev tswj cov ntaub so ntswg homeostasis, electrolyte tshuav nyiaj li cas, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lymph thaujcov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov twglymphocytes tuaj yeem raug programmed rau adaptivetiv thaiv kab mob.12,13 Raws li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uastau raug txheeb xyuas rau lymphatics hauv lwm yam pathologies,xws li mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob autoimmune, kho qhov txhab, thiabKev hloov pauv tsis lees paub, nws zoo li lymphatics yuav ua siib feem ntawm AKI inflammatory teb.14 Nyob rau hauv ib txwm physiological mob, lub raum lymphaticsmuaj nyob rau hauv lub cortex thiab ua raws li lub raum cov hlab ntshanyob rau hauv mus rau loj sau lymphatics ntawm lub hilum los yogntws tawm sab nraud mus koom lub capsular lymphatic network. Lub raumlymphatic anatomy thiab physiology tau tsis ntev los no thiabelegantly tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Russell15 thiab Jafree.16 Pib lymphyog kwv yees li qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm interstitialkua dej. Lub raum cortex yog tsim los ntawm cov kua nyeemsorbed los ntawm ob qho tib si capillary filtrate thiab tubules. Feem ntauLub raum lymph yog tom qab ntws los ntawm hilar lymphatic rau lub raum lymph nodes rau kev tiv thaiv kab mobua ntej yuav rov qab mus rau cov ntshav ncig ntawm lub thoraciccev.16,17 Thaum lub sij hawm pathogenesis ntawm tus kab mob, inflammatorycov xwm txheej hloov vascular perfusion thiabpermeability, hloov cov hydrostatic thiab osmotic siabuas tswj lub interstitial kua tiam thiab lymphaticuptake thiab ntws; dysregulation ntawm cov nyiaj tshuav no tshwm simnyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg edema.13 Lub raum lymphatic muaj nuj nqi, los yog tsis ua hauj lwmYog li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev koom tes hauv cov ntaub so ntswg homeostasisnyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej pathophysiological.15,18 Kev nthuav dav ntawm lymphatic hlab ntsha network, lymphangiogenesis, feem ntau txuam nrog cov ntaub so ntswg o.19 Lymphangiogenesis yog tsav feem ntaulos ntawm Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-Cthiab VEGF-D kev loj hlob yam taw qhia los ntawm VEGF receptor(VEGFR)-3. VEGFR-3 qhia feem ntau ntawm lymphaticendothelial hlwb nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus tab sis kuj pom nyob rauqee cov macrophage thiab lwm cov cell endothelial nyob hauvmob thiab kev loj hlob.8,20 VEGFR-3 kev taw qhiatxhawb nqa vascular qauv nyob rau hauv lub raum thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlobthiab, thaum lub raum mob, siabVEGF-C / D qhia txhawb kev mob sib koom ua kelymphangiogenesis.Cistanche tuaj yeem ua rau cov qog ntshav nce ntxiv, txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab yog li ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Duab: Nyem qhov no txhawm rau txhim kho koj qhov kev tawm tsam
AKI thiab lymphatics:Thaum cov lymphatic hloov pauv hauv AKI tau nce ntxivmloog nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kev tshawb fawb pom tam sim no yogmuab faib raws li lub raum lymphatics thiab lymphangialGenesis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob lossis yog tiaslawv propagate ib tug siab phem tiv thaiv teb. Hauv qabib txwm physiological tej yam kev mob, VEGF-D thiab VEGF-Cmuaj nyob rau hauv lub raum tubules ntawm tsawg theem.23 Thaumkev raug mob rau lub raum, ob qho tib si tubular epithelium thiab infiltratingmacrophages secrete VEGF-C thiab VEGF-D thiab txhawb nqalymphangiogenesis.23–27 Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom covtxhawb nqa lub raum lymphangiogenesis kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawmtxhawb nqa lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kev lag luam, tshem tawm ntawmkhib nyiab, thiab tshem tawm cov kua dej ntau dhau los ntawm interstitium(Daim duab 1)9,17,18,20 Lwm qhov kev tshawb pom luam tawm tau qhialymphatics tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum mob tsis zoo.28–30 Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua los txiav txim siabyog tias qhov kev tshawb pom tsis sib haum yog qhov qhia tau hais tias muaj cov lymphatic sib txawvcov lus teb rau kev raug mob tshwj xeeb lossis yog tias qhov no yog qhov lus teb tsis zoomus rau qhov chaw mob raum mob. Nws yog ntshiab lymphaticvasculature muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv lub raum ib puag nciguas tswj homeostasis. Piv txwv li, peb labtau qhia tias augmenting raum lymphaticslos ntawm murine genetic qauv txo cov ntshav siab,nce sodium excretion, thiab txo lub raum proinflammatoryLub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov qauv ntawm kev kub siab txuam nrognrog rau mob raum.31,32 Txawm hais tias zoo sib xwsmechanisms yog nyob rau hauv kev ua si hauv pathogenesis ntawm AKI seemyuav tsum elucidated tag nrho.
Duab: txhim kho koj lub raum ua haujlwm
Lymphatic kev cai ntawm lub raum tiv thaiv ib puag ncig Ua raws li AKI, ntau hom kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov kab mob thiab kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov lus teb inflammatory.42,43 Ob lub luag haujlwm ntawm ob lub raum hauv kev tswj cov kua dej thiab cytokine homeostasis tau hloov pauv hauv AKI, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv rau lub raum lymphatic vasculature.44 Qhov muag tsis pom lymphatic capillaries ua raws li cov ntsiab lus nkag rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom nkag mus rau cov lymphatic network thiab taug kev mus rau cov qog ntshav tawm. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) kuj tau pom lub luag haujlwm immunomodulatory hauv zos hauv cov qauv mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev qhia ntawm MHC I, MHC II, thiab PD-L1.45,46 Piv txwv li, IFNc tso tawm ntawm CD8þ T hlwb ua rau muaj kev nthuav qhia ntau ntxiv ntawm PD-L1 ntawm LECs thiab cuam tshuam IFNc coj mus rau hauv zos CD8þ T-cell tsub zuj zuj hauv daim tawv nqaij thaum lub sij hawm melanoma.47 Thaum qhov kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob no ntawm LECs tsis tau tshawb xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv AKI, PD-1 cov cim qhia tau pom kev tiv thaiv I/R-induced AKI.48 Hauv AKI, qhov pib, kev saib xyuas, thiab kev daws teeb meem yog kho los ntawm kev mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev uas suav nrog inflammatory monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, thiab natural killer (NK) T hlwb.49–51 Ntau yam ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm tes no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau thiab raug tswj los ntawm LECs.9,50 Nyob rau hauv lub raum inflammatory ib puag ncig, lymphangiogenesis tau raug txheeb xyuas ua ntej ntawm fibrotic remodeling, qhia hais tias lymphatics yuav ua si lub luag hauj lwm thaum ntxov immunomodulatory.37 Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias ua kom cov macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), lymphocytes, thiab neutrophils tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lymphangiogenesis.42,51,52 Piv txwv li, macrophages sau tam sim ntawd tom qab pib ntawm AKI thiab yog ib qhov chaw ntawm VEGF-C uas yuav ua rau lymphangiogenesis.24,52,53 Kev tshawb fawb hauv UUO qauv tau pom tias VEGF-C tso tawm los ntawm macrophages drives lymphangiogenesis nyob rau hauv ib feem los ntawm CCR2-kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm PI3K-AKT-mTOR txoj kev taw qhia.24,27,28 Tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob M2 macrophages tau pom tias tso tawm ntau dua ntawm VEGF-C hauv UUO qauv thaum piv rau pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages.27 Macrophage VEGF-C secretion thiab lymphangiogenesis tau nce hauv UUO qauv los ntawm ob qho tib si hyaluronan thiab tus xov tooj hu-zoo li receptor 4- nyob ntawm kev taw qhia.26 Qee cov neeg T-cell tau pom tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm lymphatic.54,55 Thaum lub sij hawm o, cytokines tso tawm los ntawm Th2 hlwb tau pom los inhibit lymphangiogenesis, thaum tswj T hlwb txhawb lymphangiogenesis los ntawm kev nce lymphotoxin-b receptor signaling nyob rau hauv lymphatic endothelial hlwb.56 Tsis ntev los no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm tes hauv ib qho kev raug mob I/R pom tau tias muaj TGF-b thiab lymphotoxin-b kev nthuav qhia tej zaum yuav khi cov kab mob inflammatory no rau cov lus teb lymphangiogenic hauv AKI.57 Raws li lipopolysaccharide lossis ischemic insult rau lub raum, lub raum DCs nce kev lag luam mus rau RDLN qhov twg antigen-specific CD4þ cell txhawb ntxiv T-cell proliferation.58 DC mobilization yog txhawb nqa los ntawm lymphatic vasculature los ntawm kev nce lymphatic qhia ntawm chemokine CCL21.59 Ua ke, cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog DC cov lus teb hauv AKI tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic ntawm CCL21, uas txhawb nqa lub cev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov qog nqaij hlav thiab T cell ciaj sia.60,61 LECs tau qhia txog kev qhia ntawm MHC I, MHC II, thiab hla kev nthuav tawm ntawm ib puag ncig los ntawm antigens uas dhau los ntawm CD8.þ T hlwb.45 Tsis tas li ntawd, sphingosine -1- phosphate receptor (S1PR1) signaling tswj CD8þ cell egress los ntawm cov kua dej lymph node62; Lub hom phiaj ntawm S1P signaling zoo nkaus li muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau cov qauv ntawm AKI thiab kev hloov pauv.63,64 Nyob rau hauv AKI, T tswj cov hlwb muab tau los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev raug mob ischemia-reperfusion nyob ntawm IL-10 kev qhia.65 Interestingly, T regulatory hlwb kuj vam khom rau ob leeg IL-10 thiab TGF-b taw qhia los txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nce TGF-b Cov qib hauv obstructive nephropathy qauv txhawb nqa ob qho tib si fibrosis thiab lymphangiogenesis los ntawm kev nce cov ntaub so ntswg loj hlob (CTFG) thiab VEGF-C ntau lawm.30 Tsis tas li ntawd, TGF-b Kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv cov kab mob raum ntev ua rau txoj hauv kev tsis zoo los ntawm kev nce Sonic hedgehog uas tau pom los txhawb LEC kev loj hlob.66 LEC kev cuam tshuam nrog T-cells thiab lawv cov cytokines txhais lub luag haujlwm rau LECs raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab muab lub peev xwm los ntawm T-cell systemic peripheral kam rau kho.45 Nws yog ntshiab lymphatics sib txuas lus ncaj qha mus rau lub raum tsis muaj zog ib puag ncig thiab systemically los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog antigens thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb no nthuav tawm cov tswv yim muaj peev xwm los ntawm cov lymphatics hauv lub raum tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub raum ua ntej, thaum, thiab tom qab AKI.
Cov lus xaus Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tsom mus rau lymphatics hauv AKI tau txheeb xyuas tias cov kab mob lymphatic ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov kab mob pathophysiological tom qab raug mob. Raws li lub cev tam sim no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, txawm tias cov luag haujlwm no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis feem ntau cuam tshuam tseem tsis suav nrog. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias kev hloov pauv lymphatic hauv AKI tsuas yog cov lus teb rau qhov mob, tsis yog tus pab txhawb. Nephrotoxic, immunological, thiab hydrostatic lub raum raug mob yog pib los ntawm kev thuam sib txawv thiab tsav cov lus teb sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, lub sijhawm thiab hom kev raug mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov lus teb lymphatic tshwj xeeb uas txiav txim siab cov luag haujlwm tsis sib haum xeeb tau pom hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj xyuas. Piv txwv li, kev raug mob glomerular tsis elicit tib yam tubulointerstitial raug mob, lymphatic remodeling, thiabinflammatory teb raws li I/R lossis UUO-induced AKI. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev raug mob tshwm sim, cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm lymphangiogenesis, kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lymphatic vasculature nyob rau hauv lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg. Kev txhawb nqa lymphangiogenesis ntawm theem ua ntej hauv cov lus teb inflammatory yuav pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, thaum nce lymphangiogenesis nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw mob ntev yuav pab txhawb kev kho mob fibrotic. Lub lymphatic vasculature muaj ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj cov ntaub so ntswg homeostasis, nquag tswj cov kua dej ntws tawm, thiab thauj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev ua rau nws muaj kev txaus siab los kawm hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg raug mob. Kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lymphatic thiab lymphangiogenesis cuam tshuam li cas AKI yuav txiav txim siab seb lub raum lymphatics yuav yog qhov kev kuaj mob lossis kev kho mob rau kev tswj hwm AKI yav tom ntej.
Duab: cistanche txiaj ntsig
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