Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Atlas: Cov Qauv, Lub Koom Haum, Thiab Kev Pabcuam Rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub raum Tsis Ua Haujlwm Hauv Lub Xeev Tshiab Tshiab Thiab Russia Ntu 1

Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Nephrology Ntiaj Teb Raum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Atlastxheeb xyuas lub xeev tam sim no ntawm kev saib xyuas raum hauv Newly Independent States thiab Russia. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Newly Independent States thiab cheeb tsam Russia tsis yog qhov kev zam thiab pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam.mob raum mobntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig, ntsib ntau yam teeb meem thiab cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho lub raum thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Txoj haujlwm no tau nthuav tawm thiab nthuav tawm cov pej xeem, cov ntaub ntawv kev noj qab haus huv, kev txheeb cais, thiab txoj cai tswjfwm kev noj qab haus huv hauv tebchaws hauv cheeb tsam, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nra ntawmmob raum mobthiabraum tsis ua haujlwm (KF)ntawm cov teb chaws koom. Dhau li ntawm kev nce qib kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia tau qhia txog qhov tsis txaus nyob hauv KF cov kws kho mob, cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, thiab cov khoom noj qab haus huv rauKF saib. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm txog kev kho raum hloov pauv (kev lim ntshav thiab hloov lub raum) qhov ntsuas tau zoo thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau lub sijhawm ntev hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, thiab hloov lub raum. Cov teeb meem nyiaj txiag thiab cov qauv nyiaj txiag rau KF kev saib xyuas thoob plaws cheeb tsam xav tau kev txhawb nqa tswv yim rau kev hloov pauv thiab kev nce qib ntxiv. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cheeb tsam thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev sib koom tes thiab kev koom tes rau kev tsim cov kab ke kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev tswj hwm KF.

Newly Independent States (NIS) thiab Lavxias teb sab Federation, raws li ib cheeb tsam, tshwm sim tom qab lub dissolution ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub qub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics, lub cheeb tsam no tau ntsib ntau yam kev sib raug zoo, kev nom kev tswv, thiab pej xeem cov kev cov nyom, nrog tas li loj hlob tsis sib xws nyob rau hauv kev nkag tau mus rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv kev muab kev pab kho mob.1 Coj mus rau hauv tus account lub keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, txhua lub tebchaws hauv cheeb tsam yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov cai, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev saib xyuas kab mob tsis sib kis. Hauv qhov teeb meem no,mob raum mob (CKD)thiabraum tsis ua haujlwm (KF)Kev saib xyuas tseem muaj kev txaus siab, vim tias cov tswv yim hauv kev soj ntsuam kab mob, kev tshawb nrhiav, kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev tswj hwm sib txawv ntawm lub teb chaws mus rau lub teb chaws thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb leveraged cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov thib ob iteration ntawm lubInternational Society of Nephrology Ntiaj teb no raum Health Atlaslos qhia txog lub peev xwm, kev siv tau, thiab kev saib xyuas zoo ntawm KF hauv cheeb tsam NIS thiab Russia. Cov txheej txheem rau kev tshawb fawb no tau piav qhia hauv lwm qhov.2

Cov txiaj ntsig

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tau nthuav tawm hauv cov lus thiab cov duab thiab nthuav dav dav rau hauv 2 pawg: kev tshawb fawb lub rooj (Tables 13–8 thiab 24,7,9–12 Daim duab 1, thiab Table S1) thiab kev tswj xyuas kev soj ntsuam (Figures 2–5, Ntxiv Daim duab S1–S5, thiab Table Ntxiv S2).

raws li cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam,Cistancheyog ib txwm suav tshuaj ntsuab uas tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo los kho ntau yam kab mob. Nws tau raug pov thawj scientific kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab antioxidant zog. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tiasCistanchemuaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg mob kev txom nyem los ntawmraumkab mob. Cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm Cistanche paub tias txo qhov mob,txhim khoraummuaj nuj nqithiab restore lub raum puas hlwb. Yog li, kev koom ua ke Cistanche hauv ibkab mob raumKev npaj kho mob tuaj yeem muab txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg mob hauv kev tswj hwm lawv tus mob.

Cistanchepab txo qis proteinuria, txo qis BUN thiab creatinine qib, thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntxivraum puas. Ntxiv rau,Cistanchekuj tseem pab txo cov roj cholesterol thiab triglyceride ntau ntau uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg mobkab mob raum.

Nyem Kom Paub Ntxiv Txog Tonify raum Cistanche

Nug ntxiv:

david.deng@wecistanche.com WhatApp:86 13632399501

Kev teeb tsa.The NIS and Russia region is made up of 11 countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Russian Federation) (Figure 1). The NIS and Russia region extends across entire Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe spanning 11 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. It encompasses a population of >350 lab nrog ntau haiv neeg hauv cov qauv kev lag luam, kab lis kev cai, ib puag ncig, haiv neeg, hom lus, pej xeem ntom ntom, kev ntseeg, thiab kev ua neej nyob.

Ntawm 11 lub teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam: 1 yog cov nyiaj tau los qis (ib tus neeg cov nyiaj tau los tag nrho hauv lub tebchaws, # 1025 US$), 3 yog cov nyiaj tau los qis nruab nrab (ib tus neeg cov nyiaj tau los tag nrho hauv lub tebchaws, 1026– 3995 US$ tam sim no), 6 yog siab- Cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab (ib tus neeg cov nyiaj tau los hauv lub tebchaws, 3956–12,375 US$ tam sim no), thiab 1 yog cov nyiaj tau los siab (ib tus neeg cov nyiaj tau los hauv lub tebchaws, $ 12,376 US$). Lub sijhawm 2 xyoo dhau los thiab txawm hais tias kev lag luam kev lag luam polarization thiab kev tsis sib xws tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics, kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam loj tau raug pov thawj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws ntawm cheeb tsam, raws li World Bank data.3 Raws li ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev, Kev siv nyiaj noj qab haus huv nyob ntawm 9.9 feem pua ​​​​hauv Armenia mus rau 3.9 feem pua ​​​​hauv Kazakhstan, qhov nruab nrab 6.3 feem pua ​​​​hauv cheeb tsam (Table 1.3).

Ib qho luv luv ntawm qhov tau paub dhau los ntawm lub xeev tam sim no ntawm kev saib xyuas raum hauv cheeb tsam.Ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom tsis ntev los no ntawm lub xeevraumkev saib xyuas hauv cheeb tsam NIS thiab Russia tau hais txog ntau theem ntawmraumKev saib xyuas, kev paub txog CKD qis, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas CKD zoo tshaj plaws, kev xa mus qeeb, kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, kev soj ntsuam xyuas tsis zoo, thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv lub tebchaws txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kuaj tsis tau thiab tsis kho CKD thiab kev soj ntsuam kev noj qab haus huv hauv cheeb tsam.4 Tib lub sijhawm, qhov tshwm sim loj zuj zus thiab qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm KF kho, qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm hemodialysis (HD) nrog qeeb tab sis tsis txaus nce ntawm qhov hloov pauv, thiab kev loj hlob me me ntawm kev siv peritoneal dialysis (PD) tau pom dav.4

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov teb chaws koom.Kaum plaub tus neeg teb, sawv cev rau 10 lub teb chaws ntawm International Society of Nephrology NIS thiab Russia cheeb tsam, ua tiav daim ntawv nug hauv online (Daim duab 1). Cov neeg teb feem ntau yog cov kws kho mob nephrologist (n ¼ 11 [79 feem pua]), tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov neeg tsim cai (n ¼ 2 [14 feem pua]) thiab cov kws kho mob tsis yog kws kho mob (n ¼ 1 [7 feem pua]), nrog rau tag nrho cov lus teb ntawm 66.7 feem pua. Cov teb chaws koom nrog sawv cev rau cov pej xeem ntawm 276.8 lab tus tib neeg. Ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws koom yog cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab nruab nrab (n ¼ 5 [50 feem pua]); Cov lus teb kuj tau xa los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los siab (n ¼ 1 [10 feem pua]), cov nyiaj tau los qis nruab nrab (n ¼ 3 [30 feem pua]), thiab cov nyiaj tau los qis (n ¼ 1 [10 feem pua]) lub teb chaws (Table 1 ).5, 6

Lub nra ntawm CKD thiab KF hauv NIS thiab Russia.Qhov nruab nrab ntawm CKD nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam NIS thiab Russia yog 11.3 feem pua, uas yog piv rau lub ntiaj teb nruab nrab (10.0 feem pua). Qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm CKD yog nyob rau hauv Tajikistan (7.4 feem pua), thiab qhov siab tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation (19.2 feem pua). Qhov feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab kev xiam oob khab-hloov lub neej-xyoo raug ntaus nqi rau CKD tau pom nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj tau los siab, cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab, thiab cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab qis, suav nrog Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, thiab Georgia (Table Ntxiv S1) . Kwv yees li 21 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pej xeem muaj kev rog, xws li 12.6 feem pua ​​​​hauv Tajikistan txog 26.6 feem pua ​​​​hauv Belarus.13

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nthuav dav ntawm KF hauv NIS thiab Russia tsuas yog muaj rau 5 lub tebchaws koom nrog, suav nrog Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Lavxias Federation, thiab Ukraine. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev kho KF hauv NIS thiab Russia yog 289 ib lab tus tib neeg (pmp), nrog qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Georgia (713 pmp) (Table 2).4,7,9 Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub nra ntawm KF tau sparse hauv NIS thiab Russia. Tsuas yog 4 lub teb chaws (Belarus, Georgia, Lavxias teb sab Federation, thiab Ukraine) muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nthuav dav thiab tshwm sim ntawm KF kho (kev hloov pauv lossis lim ntshav). Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg mob tshiab ntawm KF kho hauv cheeb tsam yog qis dua (64.5 pmp; interquartile range [IQR], 37-203 pmp) dua li lub ntiaj teb nruab nrab (144 pmp), nrog Georgia ntsib ntau ntawm qhov loj hlob no (203 pmp) . Lub teb chaws uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm KF cov neeg mob tau kho los ntawm kev lim ntshav (xws li ob qho tib si: HD thiab PD) yog Georgia, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm 696.9 pmp. Ukraine muaj qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm KF, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm 180.3 pmp (Table 2.7).

Kev noj qab haus huv nyiaj txiag thiab kev pabcuam.Zuag qhia tag nrho thiab thoob plaws cheeb tsam, KF kev saib xyuas feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub teb chaws lub cev (89 feem pua ​​​​vs. 56 feem pua ​​​​hauv ntiaj teb). Hauv ntau lub teb chaws, pej xeem thiab ntiag tug cov txheej txheem pab nyiaj nondialysis CKD: 5 lub teb chaws hauv NIS thiab Russia tau tshaj tawm tias kev saib xyuas nondialysis CKD tau txais nyiaj txiag rau pej xeem, tshwj xeeb hauv 4 lub teb chaws thiab nrog qee tus nqi ntawm kev saib xyuas hauv 1 lub teb chaws; 2 lub teb chaws (Armenia thiab Georgia) tau tshaj tawm tias kev kho mob CKD tsis yog kev kho mob tsuas yog siv los ntawm tus kheej thiab tawm hauv hnab tshos xwb; Russia hais txog kev sib xyaw ntawm pej xeem thiab ntiag tug; thiab Tajikistan tau siv ntau qhov chaw (tsoomfwv, cov koom haum tsis yog tsoomfwv, thiab cov zej zog) rau nyiaj txiag. Hauv 8 (88.9 feem pua) ntawm 9 lub teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam,raumKev hloov kho (KRT; lim ntshav thiab hloov pauv) tau txais nyiaj los ntawm tsoomfwv: tshwj xeeb hauv 6 lub tebchaws (66.7 feem pua) (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, thiab Uzbekistan) thiab nrog qee tus nqi ntawm kev saib xyuas hauv 2 lub tebchaws ( 22.2 feem pua ​​​​) (Armenia thiab Ukraine) (Table 1.4,7 Yog li, cov nyiaj pab rau nondialysis CKD thiab KRT nyob rau hauv NIS thiab Russia cheeb tsam yog sib txawv loj heev thaum piv nrog sib npaug thoob ntiaj teb cov nyiaj txiag: cov kev pab cuam yog dawb nyob rau hauv lub point ntawm tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv 44 feem pua. ntawm cov teb chaws hauv NIS thiab Russia (vs. 28 feem pua ​​​​ntawm thoob ntiaj teb), thiab KRT cov kev pabcuam pub dawb thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom hauv 67 feem pua ​​​​ntawm NIS thiab Russia lub tebchaws (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Lavxias Federation, thiab Uzbekistan) piv rau 43 feem pua. thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis muaj ib qho nyiaj ntiag tug ntawm KRT hauv cheeb tsam NIS thiab Russia.

Tsuas yog 3 lub tebchaws (Belarus, Georgia, thiab Russia) tau tshaj tawm tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm kev lim ntshav: tus nqi nruab nrab txhua xyoo (hauv USD) rau ib tus neeg rau kev saib xyuas HD ($ 5876; IQR, $ 5070– $ 14,882) thiab tu PD ($ 10,064; IQR, $ 6789– $ 23,640 ) tau qis dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ($ 22,617 thiab $ 20,524, ntsig txog) (Table 1).4,7,8 Tus nqi rau HD hauv Russia tau ntau dua li ob zaug uas tau kwv yees rau Belarus thiab Georgia. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus nqi txhua xyooraumhloov pauvtsis muaj nyob rau cheeb tsam no.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob rau kev kho mob nephrology.Tag nrho 9 lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm tias cov kws kho mob nephrologists feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau KF kev saib xyuas hauv NIS thiab Russia (n ¼ 9 [100} feem pua]), nrog kev sib txawv ntawm cov kws kho mob thawj zaug hauv 2 lub teb chaws (Georgia thiab Tajikistan : n ¼ 22 feem pua ​​) thiab cov kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv sib koom ua haujlwm hauv 1 lub tebchaws (Tajikistan: n ¼ 11 feem pua) (Table 2).11 Tsis muaj lub tebchaws hauv NIS thiab Russia tau tshaj tawm tias pawg neeg ua haujlwm ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau KF saib xyuas, piv rau nrog 19 feem pua ​​​​tau tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom ntawm nephrologists (14.4 pmp; IQR, 3.29–26.24 pmp) (tsis muaj ntaub ntawv rau Uzbekistan) yog siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom ntawm nephrologists thoob ntiaj teb (9.95 pmp); Tajikistan tau tshaj tawm cov kws kho mob nephrologist qis tshaj plaws (1.74 pmp), thaum Georgia muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws (28.4 pmp). Qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nephrology (1.6 pmp; IQR, 0.46–3.25 pmp) hauv NIS thiab Russia yog me ntsis siab dua cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb (1.4 pmp) (Table 2).11 Qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nephrology tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Ukraine (0.11 pmp) , thiab siab tshaj los ntawm Azerbaijan (49.77 pmp).

Qhov feem ntau tshaj tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus yog rau cov neeg noj zaub mov (n ¼ 6 [60 feem pua]), cov kws kho mob hloov pauv (n ¼ 5 [50 feem pua]), thiab cov kws kho hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rau HD nkag (n ¼ 5 [50 feem pua]) (Ntxiv daim duab S1 ). Tajikistan, lub tebchaws tau nyiaj tsawg-nrab nruab nrab, tau tshaj tawm txog kev tsis txaus nyob rau hauv tag nrho 14 hom chaw kho mob, thaum Lavxias Federation, lub tebchaws tau nyiaj tau los siab, muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm 9; Belarus tau tshaj tawm txog qhov tsis txaus rau tsuas yog cov kws kuaj sim.

Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv kho mob nkag mus rau KF kev saib xyuas.Txhua lub tebchaws hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem muab HD mus ntev; cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw pmp tsis muaj rau Uzbekistan (Daim duab 3). Tus naj npawb nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw HD yog 3.7 pmp (n ¼ 8; IQR, 1.05–5.56 pmp), qis dua qhov nruab nrab thoob ntiaj teb ntawm 4.5 chaw pmp. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Georgia thiab Belarus (5.68 thiab 5.56 pmp, feem), thiab qis tshaj plaws los ntawm Ukraine thiab Tajikistan (1.05 thiab 0.23 pmp, raws li) (Table 2).4,7,12 Tsev HD tsis muaj feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm NIS thiab Lavxias teb sab lub teb chaws (piv nrog 13 feem pua ​​​​ntawm thoob ntiaj teb). Kev ua haujlwm vascular nkag tau siv los pib lim ntshav hauv tsuas yog 1 feem pua ​​​​rau 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg mob hauv 3 lub tebchaws (43 feem pua), hauv 11 rau 50 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg mob hauv 2 lub tebchaws (29 feem pua), thiab hauv 51 feem pua ​​​​rau 75 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg mob. nyob rau hauv 2 lub teb chaws (29 feem pua). Kev siv tunneled catheters tau qis dua li tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb: tsuas yog 5 (75 feem pua) ntawm 7 lub teb chaws pib dialysis nrog tunneled catheters hauv 1 feem pua ​​​​rau 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg mob (piv nrog 32 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb pib nrog tunneled catheter hauv 11 feem pua ​​- 50 feem pua). Txawm li cas los xij, 43 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam NIS thiab Russia tau pib kho mob ntshav qab zib nrog lub catheter ib ntus hauv 11 feem pua ​​​​rau 50 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg mob. Kev phais mob raws sij hawm thiab kev nkag mus rau vascular tau qis dua hauv feem ntau ntawm lub tebchaws hauv NIS thiab Russia tshaj li tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb (Cov Duab Ntxiv S2).

Txhua lub tebchaws hauv NIS thiab Russia tau tshaj tawm tias HD mus ntev tau muaj, thiab feem ntau muaj kev pabcuam hauv chaw pabcuam uas koom nrog kev kho mob 3 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam rau 3 txog 4 teev. Tsuas yog ib lub tebchaws (Tajikistan) tau tshaj tawm tias kev xa khoom HD tsis yog 3 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam thiab lub sijhawm qee zaum tsawg dua 3 mus rau 4 teev. Qhov zoo ntawm HD kev xa khoom, hais txog kev kho mob ntau zaus thiab lub sijhawm sib tham, hauv thaj av NIS thiab Russia, tau siab dua (86 feem pua) dua li qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm 77 feem pua ​​(Daim duab 3).

Kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm PD yog li ntawm 4.4 feem pua ​​​​hauv Georgia mus rau 11.2 feem pua ​​​​hauv Ukraine, thaum 5 lub tebchaws (Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, thiab Uzbekistan) tsis muaj kev pabcuam PD tag nrho (Daim duab 3). Qhov nruab nrab PD chaw ceev hauv cheeb tsam yog 0.41 chaw pmp (n ¼ 5; IQR, 0.15–1.3 pmp), uas yog qis dua qhov nruab nrab ntiaj teb no (1.3 chaw pmp), thiab Kazakhstan thiab Armenia muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws PD peev xwm (Table 2.7,12 Peb lub teb chaws (27 feem pua) muaj peev xwm muab kev sib pauv txaus txaus (3-4 phau ntawv sib pauv ib hnub lossis sib npaug ntawm cov voj voog ntawm PD) (Daim duab 3) .

Daim duab 1 |Lub teb chaws hauv International Society of Nephrology (ISN) Newly Independent States (NIS) thiab cheeb tsam Russia koom nrog hauv ISN Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Atlas daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas.

Daim duab 2 |Cov txheej txheem nyiaj txiag rau nondialysis mob raum kab mob (CKD) thiab raum hloov kho (KRT) kev saib xyuas.Tus nqi sawv cev rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov teb chaws hauv txhua pawg, qhia tias yog feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws. HD, hemodialysis; N / A, tsis muab; NGOs, cov koom haum nongovernmental; PD, peritoneal dialysis.

Daim duab 3| Muaj kev xaiv hauv lub raum hloov kho lossis kev tswj lub raum rau cov neeg mob raum tsis ua haujlwm.Tus nqi sawv cev rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov teb chaws hauv txhua pawg, qhia tias yog feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws. HD, hemodialysis; Kt/V, ntsuas kev lim ntshav txaus; N / A, tsis muab; PD, peritoneal dialysis; URR, urea txo piv.

Lub raumhloov pauvmuaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws ntawm cheeb tsam, nrog ib tug nruab nrab ceev ntawm {{0}}.33 chaw pmp (IQR, 0.26–{6}}.51 pmp), qis dua lub ntiaj teb nruab nrab qhov ntom ntom ntawm 0.42 pmp (IQR, 0.20–0.72 pmp) (Table 2).7,10 Belarus muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws rauraumkev hloov pauv ({{0}}.73 pmp), thaum Tajikistan muaj qis tshaj (0.23 pmp). Ntawm 7 lub teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam uas tau tshaj tawm rauraumhloov pauvcov kev pabcuam, 4 (57 feem pua) tso siab rau cov nyiaj pub dawb (28 feem pua ​​​​hauv ntiaj teb) thiab lwm qhov 3 (Belarus, Kazakhstan, thiab Russia) tau siv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg nyob thiab cov neeg tuag (72 feem pua ​​​​ntawm thoob ntiaj teb). Azerbaijan thiab Belarus muaj cov npe tos hauv tebchaws, Kazakhstan thiab Russia muaj cov npe tos hauv cheeb tsam, thiab 3 lub tebchaws (Armenia, Georgia, thiab Tajikistan) tsis muaj npe tos rau kev hloov pauv raum (Table Ntxiv S2).

Daim duab 4|Kev nkag mus tau ntawm kev kho raum hloov rau cov neeg mob lub raum tsis ua haujlwm (KF).N / A, tsis muab; NIS, Newly Independent States; PD, peritoneal dialysis.

Daim duab 5 |Lub teb chaws-theem qhab nia rau kev sau npe hauv International Society of Nephrology Newly Independent States thiab cheeb tsam Russia. AKI, mob raum raug mob; CKD, mob raum mob.

Nug ntau ntxiv: david.deng@wecistanche.com WhatApp:86 13632399501