Hauv Vivo Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Kabmob Cov Kabmob Consortia Replicates Urolithin Metabotypes A Thiab B hauv Ib Tug Tsis-urolithin-tsim nas ModelⅠ
Dec 25, 2023
Tau ntau xyoo lawm, kev noj ntawm ellagitannins (ETs) andellagic acid (EA) tau cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, suav nrog antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, thiab anti-HIV replication ua ub no.1 Txawm li cas los xij, theabsorption thiab bioavailability ntawm ETs thiab EA. Cov neeg pluag heev.Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los pom tias cov zis tso zis ntawm EA thiab ib qho EA-O-glucuronide tsawg dua 1% ntawm kev noj.2,3Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ET thiab EA nqus tau qis, lawv ntxiv metabolized los ntawm colonic microbiota rau urolithins. (Uros), uas yog lub luag haujlwm, tsawg kawg yog ib feem, rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ET- thiab (lossis) EA-nplua nuj zaub mov.1,4
Ua ntej, EA raug tso tawm los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm ET's ester bonds los ntawm theenzyme hu ua ellagitannase.5 EA tau dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj ntxiv, ua rau 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ib qho derivatives hu ua Uros. Lub cascade ntawm cov tshuaj no pib nrog ib tug lactone ringcleavage los ntawm ib tug lactonase enzyme, ua rau luteic acid, uas yog ces decarboxylated rau pentahydroxy-Uro (Uro-M5).Consecutive dehydroxylation converts nws mus rau tetrahydroxy-Uros (Uro-D, Uro-E, thiab. Uro-M6) thiab trihydroxy-Uros (Uro-C, UroM7, thiab Uro-G), thaum kawg tawm los dihydroxy-Uros (Uro-A andisoUro-A) thiab monohydroxy-Uro (Uro-B), tom kawg raug kuaj pom. thaum isoUro-A kuj tsim.1
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Uro metabolic profiles pom nyob rau hauv tib neeg tom qab noj ET-nplua nuj cov khoom noj qhia tau hais tias ib tug neeg sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub colonic microbiota lub luag hauj lwm rau ET degradation.6-8 Tom qab ntawd ntau muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob colonic thiab cov kab mob hosting tuaj yeem piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv metabolic txoj hmoo ntawm kev noj haus (poly ) phenols.6,9 Qhov no ob txoj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm plab hnyuv microbiota thiab (poly) phenols tau ua rau cov zej zog tshawb fawb los pab pawg neeg raws li lawvmetabolic phenotype (hloov hom) los piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm polyphenols cov teebmeem.10,11 Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, raws li theET thiab EA metabolism, cov tib neeg tuaj yeem raug stratified rau hauv Urometabotypes (UMs) cuam tshuam nrog lub plab microbiome muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab functionality.7,8,12
Peb tib neeg UMs (UM-A, UM-B, thiab UM-0) ntsig txog peb qhov sib txawv Uro ntau lawm profiles tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv Western thiab Easternpopulations.13–15 Hais txog qhov no, metabotype A (UM-A) cov tib neeg tsim ob peb theem nrab Uros tab sis tsuas yog urolithin A (Uro-A), lub ntsiab absorbed Uro nyob rau hauv no UM, nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm themicrobial catabolic txoj kev. Metabotype B (UM-B) cov neeg tsim tawm qee qhov nruab nrab Uros thiab peb qhov kawg Uros, piv txwv li, urolithin B (Uro-B), urolithin A (IsoUro-A), thiab Uro-A, uas yog lub ntsiab absorbed Uros hauv UM-B. Yog li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab Uros tuaj yeem ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv cov hnyuv, thaum kawg tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam hauv zos thiab lub cev.6 Hauv qhov sib piv, cov tib neeg uas muaj hom hlau 0 (UM-0) tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov Uros kawg (tsuas yog cov Precursor Urolithin-M5 tau kuaj pom tam sim no, uas tsis tau nqus hauv plab).
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Uroprofiles tau pom nyob nruab nrab ntawm UMs thiab nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj, uas qhia txog Uro ntau lawm hauv thaj av distalcolon.16–19 Zoo kawg, UM-0 feem pua hauv Spanish thiab Suav cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv yog kwv yees li 10% thiab tuaj yeem siab dua hauv US pejxeem.13–15 Cov kab mob genera Gordonibacter thiab Ellagibacter tau raug txheeb xyuas tias muaj peev xwm ntawm metabolizing EA rau hauv qee qhov Uros.20–23Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom tias qee qhov nruab nrab (piv txwv li, Uro-D, Uro-E, Uro- M7, thiab Uro-G) thiab Uros zaum kawg (Uro-A thiab Uro-B) tsis tsim nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab ntawm cov kab mob no, uas txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj lwm cov kab mob ua kom tiav cov teeb Uros uas teeb tsa ob qho tib si UM-A thiab UM-B. . Tsis ntev los no, cov kab mob gutbacterial koom nrog hauv EA cov metabolism kom tawm los ntawm Uroproducing metabotypes (UM-A thiab UM-B) hauv vitro tau raug txheeb xyuas.24
Cov kab mob consortia uas muaj Gordonibacter plusEnterocloster genera thiab Ellagibacter ntxiv rau Enterocloster tsim hauv vitro cov urolithins txuam nrog UM-A thiab UM-B, feem. tseem tsis paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev noj cov kab mob Uro-tsim li cov probiotics tshiab tseem tsis tau paub meej, vim nws tsis tau raug kuaj yav dhau los hauv cov tsiaj lossis tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov kab mob saum toj no tau soj ntsuam rau lawv lub peev xwm los colonize cov hnyuv ntawm Uro-non-produced (UM-0-}zoo li) nas thiab hloov mus rau Uroproducers mimicking UM-A thiab UM-B, raws li. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kab mob no kuj raug soj ntsuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag kom muaj nuj nqis PCR (qPCR)-raws li cov txheej txheem tau tsim los kuaj xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov Ellagibacter thiab Enterocloster hauv cov qauv faecal.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
Tshuaj thiab reagents
Uros tau muab tshuaj ua ke thiab ua kom huv los ntawm VillapharmaResearch SL (Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Murcia, Spain). EA tau yuav los ntawm Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) tau txais los ntawm FisherScientific (USA), thaum methanol, ethanol, thiab formic acidwere los ntawm Panreac Química (Barcelona, Spain). Cov kua dej chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) qib cov kuab tshuaj tau yuav los ntawm JT Baker (Deventer, Netherlands). UltrapureMilllipore dej (Bedford, MA, USA) tau siv thoob plaws hauv kev kawm. Tag nrho cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj reagents yog qib ntsuas.
Kev npaj cov kab mob consortia
Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens DSM 27213T, Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens DSM 104140T, thiab Enterocloster bolted CEBASS4A9, txhua tus ntawm lawv cais thiab txheeb xyuas hauv peb lub chaw kuaj mob (CEBAS-CSWIC), -Chalgren anaerobe nruab nrab (WAM, Oxoid) hlab ntawm 37 degree rau 48 h hauv Concept 400 anaerobic chamber (BakerRuskin Technologies Ltd, Bridgend, South Wales, UK) thiab resuspended hauv PBS supplemented nrog 10% glycerol thiab 0.05% L-cysteinereacide Química, Barcelona, Spain). Tom qab anaerobic incubation, consortia wereprepared.24,25 Luv luv, "Bacterial consortium A" muaj G. urolithinfaciens thiab E. bolteae hom; "Bacterial consortiumB" muaj E. isourolithinifaciens thiab E. bolteae kab lis kev cai; thiab "Control Cocktail" muaj sterile PBS nrog 10% glycerol thiab 0.05% L-cysteine hydrochloride. Ua ntej kev tswj hwm, allcocktails tau muab faib rau hauv 3.5 mL aliquots thiab khaws cia ntawm -80 degree.
Tsiaj txhu, kev noj haus, thiab kev sim tsim
Cov txheej txheem kev sim (saib 624/2020) tau pom zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv hauv nroog, Spanish National ResearchCouncil's Bioethics Committee (Madrid, Spain), thiab Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm Saib Xyuas tsiaj txhu los ntawm University of Murcia (Spain). Cov kev sim no tau ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm European Union txog kev sim tsiaj (Cov Lus Qhia 2010/63 / EU ntawm EuropeanParliament thiab Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tsiaj siv rau kev tshawb fawb). Wistar nas (n=18; 9 poj niam thiab 9 txiv neej) hnyav 240 ± 31 g tau txais los ntawm Envigo (Barcelona, Spain). Cov qauv nas no raug xaiv raws li nws tsis muaj peev xwm tsim Uros pom hauv peb cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej uas cov qauv faecal los ntawm cov qauv nas sib txawv tau sim.Peb pawg (A, B, thiab C) tau tsim los ntawm randomly muab 6 tus tsiaj txhua tus (3 poj niam thiab 3 txiv neej nas. ) ib pab pawg (Fig. 1).
Txhua pab pawg nas tau nyob hauv ob lub tawb sib txawv, muab faib bysex, nyob rau hauv ib chav uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias (22 ± 2 degree) nrog 55 ± 10% txheeb ze av noo thiab tswj lub teeb-dub voj voog (12 h). Cov nas tau txais kev noj zaub mov zoo (Teklad, Barcelona, Spain) uas muaj (% / 100 g tshiab qhov hnyav) 14.3% cov proteins (pob kws gluten noj), 48% carbohydrates (wheatmiddlings, av nplej, av pob kws) thiab 4% rog (soybeanoil. ), 2.9 kcal g-1 zog ceev, thiab 4.1% crude fiber, ntxiv nrog EA hmoov Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 95% purity (3.6 mg ib 100 g ofchow). EA tau tov homogenously nrog hauv av standardfeed, rov pelleted thiab lyophilized. EA-enriched noj zaub mov tau khaws cia deb ntawm noo noo thiab lub teeb. Cov koob tshuaj EA muab rau covnas nyob rau hauv kev noj haus yog kwv yees li ntawm 0.72 mg ib nas ib hnub (EA1 × kev noj haus), ib tug tib neeg sib npaug koob tshuaj ntawm 41 mg hnub−1.26 Tag nrho cov pab pawg tau noj EA 1 × zaub mov thiab kais dej ad libitum thoob plaws qhov kev sim ( 5 lub lis piam). Txij li thaum EA pom nyob rau hauv faecalsamples yog tsawg nyob rau hauv thawj lub lim tiam, ib co ntxiv EA ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov hnub tom ntej. Nyob rau lub lim tiam 3, ib koob tshuaj ntxiv ntawm 1.5 mgEA rau ib tus nas nyob rau ib hnub uas tau yaj hauv dej tau hais lus los ntawm kev muab tshuaj rau cov tsiaj (tag nrho=EA 3 × kev noj haus), uas tau muab rau 1 lub lis piam xwb. Thaum kawg, ntawm lub lim tiam 4, ≈5 g walnuts ib nas nyob rau ib hnub (lwm qhov EA) tau ntxiv rau EA 1 × kev noj haus thiab tau khaws cia kom txog thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov zaub mov matrix-muaj EA ntawm cov kab mob. tsim Uros. Qhov hnyav, zaub mov, thiab dej kom tsawg tau ntsuas txhua hnub.Cov kab mob plab hnyuv tau raug muab los ntawm qhov ncauj. Pawg A tau txais 500 µL ntawm cov kab mob Cocktail A, GroupB tau txais 500 µL ntawm cov kab mob Cocktail B, thiab Pawg C (tswj) tau txais 500 µL ntawm PBS. Qhov ncauj gavage tau ua txhua 2 hnub hauv thawj ob lub lis piam thiab txhua hnub hauv 2 lub lis piam tom ntej. Hauv lub lim tiam dhau los (hnub 28 txog 32), cov tsiaj txhu txuas ntxiv nrog tib cov zaub mov ntxiv nrog EAand walnuts tab sis tsis muaj kab mob hauv qhov ncauj. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, cov tsiaj tau muab txi los ntawm CO2 chamber.
Cov txheej txheem kuaj
Cov qauv faecal tau sau thaum txoj kev tshawb fawb rau Uro tsom xam los ntawm UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS thiab plab microbiota los ntawm 16S rRNAgene sequencing thiab qPCR. Cov ntshav tau muab rho tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv (piv txwv li, hnub 28, thiab qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev tshawb no) rau kev tshuaj ntsuam hematological thiab serum biochemical analyses. Cov ntshav kuaj tau muab los ntawm cov leeg leeg (≈500 µL) thiab sau rau hauv cov hlab heparincontaining ntawm lub hauv paus thiab hnub 28 thiab 32 (Daim duab 1).plasma sib cais tau ua tam sim ntawd los ntawm centrifugation ntawm 3000g rau 10 min ntawm 4 degree thiab khov ntawm − 80 degree mus txog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm serobiochemical variables. Lub siab, lub raum, thiab spleen tau sau, ntsuas, thiab tshuaj xyuas kom paub qhov txawv morphological ntawm kev txi.
Tsim thiab optimization ntawm primers thiab sojntsuam forquantification ntawm Ellagibacter thiab Enterocloster los ntawm qPCR
Cov kab ke ntawm 16S rRNA noob ntawm Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens DSM 104140T thiab E. bolted CEBAS S4A9 tau txais los ntawm GenBank database (EMBL database). Cov sequences tau ua raws li cov kab mob phylogenetically kaw generausing Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software (MEGA 11) thiab tshuaj xyuas rau thaj tsam ntawm kev txuag thiab sib txawv los tsim cov primers thiab sojntsuam kom kuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas Ellagibacter thiab Enterocloster (Table 1). Lub primersand sojntsuam tau tsim thiab siv tau nrog Primer Questand Oligo Analyzer cov cuab yeej, raws li (Integrated DNATechnologies, Inc., Belgium).Lub TaqMan sojntsuam tau sau npe ntawm 5′ thiab 3′ xaus nrog 6- pawg carboxy-fluorescein (6FAM) thiab blackberry quencher (BBQ), feem. qPCR tau ua tiav siv ABI 7500sequence detection system. Qhov kawg concentrations ntawm txhua primer thiab sojntsuam yog 300 thiab 375 nM rau Ellagibacter thiab 200 thiab 500 nM rau Enterocloster. Ib qho qauv qPCR raws tu qauv tau ua rau DNA amplification ntawm Ellagibacter thiabEnterocloster, feem. Lub ramping profile rau Ellagibacteramplification yog 1 lub voj voog ntawm 95 degree rau 5 min, ua raws li 45 lub voj voog ntawm 95 degree rau 15 s, 50 degree rau 40 s, thiab 72 degree rau 31 s.Thaum kawg, 1 lub voj voog ntawm 72 degree rau 5 min ntxiv. . Lub rampingprofile rau Enterocloster amplification yog 1 lub voj voog ntawm 95 degree rau 5 min, ua raws li 40 lub voj voog ntawm 95 degree rau 15 s, 65 degree rau 40 s, thiab 72 degree rau 31 s. Thaum kawg, 1 lub voj voog ntawm 72 degree rau 5 min tau ntxiv.
Faecal DNA extraction thiab plab hnyuv microbial tsom xam
DNA rho tawm los ntawm cov qauv faecal tau ua nrog NucleoSpin® cov ntaub so ntswg DNA purification cov khoom (Macherey-Nagel, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia nrog qee qhov kev hloov kho. DNA tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm fluorimetry (Qubit3.0 - ThermoFisher Scientific™, UK), thiab purity raug ntsuas los ntawm qhov nqus nqus piv ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 260/280 nm (A260 / A280) (NanoDrop-ThermoFisher™, U.S.A. ). Lub plab microbiota muaj pes tsawg leeg tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib luag ntawm V3 thiab V4 thaj chaw sib txawv ntawm 16S rRNA gene tom qab Illumina raws tu qauv (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) nrog kev nyeem ntev ntawm 2 × 300 bp ua khub-kawg khiav (MiSeqReagent Kit v3 , Illumina Inc.). Metagenomic sequencing tau ua tiav ntawm MiSeq-Illumina platform (FISABIO sequencingservice, Spain). Kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshem tawm chimeric ib ntus, kev sib txuas ua ke, thiab 16S rRNA gene sequence pawg tau ua raws li tau piav qhia nyob rau lwm qhov kom tau txais cov kev faib tawm taxonomic.8,27 Gordonibacter DNA amplification tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ABI 7500 qPCR system raws li yav dhau los, 28-Eltergocla-Enterlycology. tshwj xeeb primers thiab probes tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tau siv raws li qPCR raws tu qauv piav saum toj no. Genomic DNAstandard nkhaus ntawm Gordonibacter, Enterocloster, thiab Ellagibacter tau siv los ntsuas kom muaj nuj nqis. Tag nrho cov faecalsamples tau txheeb xyuas hauv triplicate.
Extraction, nrhiav, thiab kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm urolithins hauv faecalsamples
Cov qauv faecal ({{0}}.2–{9}}.5 g) tau muab rho tawm, hauv ib feem ntawm 1: 10, nrog rau kev daws ntawm MeOH/H2O (8{{ 20}}/20), acidified nrog 0.1% HCl, thiab homogenised los ntawm vortexing rau 2 min thiab co ntawm 1500 rpm ntawm chav tsev kub rau 10 min hauv ablock rhaub. Qhov kev ncua yog centrifuged ntawm 14 000g at4 degree rau 10 min, thiab cov supernatant tau lim los ntawm a0.22 µm PVDF membrane lim (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA) thiab diluted 3 × nrog MeOH (0.1% formic acid. ) ua ntej txhaj tshuaj hauv UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS system. A UPLC system (Agilent 1290Infinity) ua ke rau quadrupole lub sij hawm-ntawm-flight (QTOF) LC/MSsystem (6550 Accurate-Mass) (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov faecal metabolites siv txoj kev gradient yav dhau los elution. .29,30 Luv luv, kev sib cais tau ua nyob rau hauv aPoroshell 120 EC-C18 thim rov qab-phase kem, siv dej andacetonitrile, ob qho tib si acidified nrog 0.1% formic acid, raws li mobilephases. Tus nqi ntws yog 0.4 mL min-1, thiab cov koob txhaj tshuaj yog 5 µL. MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software (version B.10, Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) tau siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv. Tag nrho cov metabolites raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sib piv ncaj qha nrog cov qauv thiab lees paub los ntawm lawv cov molecular mass. Calibration curves tau txais rauEA thiab qhov sib txawv Uros nrog zoo linearity (R2> 0.99).
Hematology thiab kev kho mob chemistry
Haematological variables raug txiav txim nyob rau hauv heparinizedblood siv ib tug automated haematological analyzer nrog tshwj xeeb software rau nas kuaj ntshav (AVDIA 120, Siemens, Munich, lub teb chaws Yelemees). Cov kev hloov pauv tau txheeb xyuas yog txhais tau tias lub cev ntim (MCV), txhais tau tias lub cev hemoglobin (MCH), qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cev hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte faib (RDW), txhais tau tias platelet ntim (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet faib dav (PDW) , meanplatelet tivthaiv (MPC), txhais tau tias platelet mass (MPM), plateletcount (PLT), reticulocyte hemoglobin cov ntsiab lus (CHr), thiab cov ntsiab lus reticulocyte corpuscular volume (MCVr). Plasma biochemical variables, calcium (Ca), thiab phosphorus (P) tau soj ntsuam siv Olympus AU400 chemistry thiab toxicologyanalyser (Beckman Coulter, California, USA). Lub biochemical variables yog tag nrho cov proteins (PROT), albumin (ALBU), globulin (GLOB), creatinine (CREA), qabzib (GLUC), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRIGL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thiab alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Thaum kawg, qib thyroxine (T4) tau txheeb xyuas siv IMMULITE® 1000immunoassay system (Siemens).
Kev txheeb cais
Cov ntaub ntawv raug qhia raws li qhov txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD).Statistical tsom xam tau ua nrog SPSS softwareversion 27.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), thiab qhov sib txawv withp < 0.05 raug suav hais tias tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntawv normality raug soj ntsuam nrog kev xeem Shapiro-Wilk. Kev sib piv ntawm cov pab pawg kho mob sib txawv tau ua tiav siv qhov ntsuas ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (RM ANOVA) nrogTukey's lossis Dunnett's T3 post hoc xeem, nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li kev faib tawm ib txwm lossis tsis zoo, feem. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam tau tshawb nrhiav siv tus khub Tub Ntxhais Kawm T-test, lossis Wilcoxon signedrank test thaum cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj lossis tsis yog ib txwm faib, raws li. Chi-square linear discriminant analysis effectize (LEfSe) tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg. Pearson correlation tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm faib, thaum Spearman correlation tau siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo li qub. Cov ntaub ntawv tau ua tiav siv Sigma Plot 14.5 (Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA).
Ntuj Herbal Tshuaj Rau Relieving cem quav-Cistanche
Cistanche yog ib tug genus ntawm parasitic nroj tsuag uas belongs rau tsev neeg Orobanchaceae. Cov nroj tsuag no paub txog lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab tau siv hauv Cov Tshuaj Suav Tshuaj (TCM) rau ntau pua xyoo. Cov hom Cistanche feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv thaj av qhuav thiab suab puam ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Mongolia, thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm Central Asia. Cistanche nroj tsuag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov nqaij tawv, yellowish stems thiab muaj nuj nqis heev rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv TCM, Cistanche ntseeg tau tias muaj cov khoom siv tonic thiab feem ntau yog siv los kho lub raum, txhim kho qhov tseem ceeb, thiab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev. Nws kuj yog siv los daws cov laus, qaug zog, thiab tag nrho cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum Cistanche muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj ib txwm siv, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb txog nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb tsis tu ncua thiab txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj ntau yam bioactive tebchaw xws li phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, lignans, thiab polysaccharides, uas yuav pab tau rau nws cov tshuaj.
Wecistanche covcistanche hmoov, cistanche ntsiav tshuaj, cistanche capsules,thiab lwm yam khoom tsim los sivsuab puamcistancheraws li cov khoom siv raw, txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cem quav. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: Cistanche ntseeg tau tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cem quav raws li nws cov kev siv ib txwm siv thiab qee cov tshuaj uas nws muaj. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm Cistanche qhov cuam tshuam rau cem quav yog txwv, nws tau xav tias muaj ntau lub tswv yim uas yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau cem quav. Laxative nyhuv:Cistanchetau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv tsoos suav tshuaj raws li ib tug tshuaj rau cem quav. Nws ntseeg tau tias muaj cov nyhuv laxative me me, uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev zom zaub mov thiab ua rau cem quav. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ntau lub tebchaw nyob hauv Cistanche, xws li phenylethanoid glycosides thiab polysaccharides. Moistening cov hnyuv: Raws li kev siv ib txwm siv, Cistanche suav hais tias muaj cov khoom siv moisturizing, tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau cov hnyuv. Txhawb nqa dej thiab lubrication ntawm cov hnyuv yuav pab tau cov cuab yeej soften thiab yooj yim dua, yog li no relieving cem quav. Anti-inflammatory Effect: cem quav tej zaum yuav txuam nrog o nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Cistanche muaj qee qhov sib txuas, suav nrog phenylethanoid glycosides thiab lignans, uas ntseeg tau tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Los ntawm kev txo cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv, nws tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev zom zaub mov tsis tu ncua thiab txo qhov cem quav.
