Immunity Passports To Travel Thaum Tus Kab Mob Khaus Viv (COVID{0}} Pandemic: Controversies And Public Health Risks

TSAB NTAWV

Raws li lub teb chaws tawm los ntawm kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb, ntau lub teb chaws tau so kev txwv kev mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam muaj kev sim tshuaj serologic rau kev tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug ua. Lub tswv yim ntawm 'kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv hla tebchaws' tau txais txiaj ntsig, uas yog pov thawj ntawm SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsim tawm yuav qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rov ua dua tshiab. Rau daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv kom raug siv tau rau kev mus ncig, nws yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam kev cai. Kev taw qhia txog cov ntawv pov thawj no ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Txawm hais tias tej zaum yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm yav tom ntej rau kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv hla tebchaws hauv qee qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tau muaj dawb, rau tam sim no tsawg kawg qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm txoj hauv kev zoo li no ntau dua cov txiaj ntsig pom.

cistanche ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig-nce kev tiv thaiv

Keywords kis kab mob, migration, pej xeem noj qab haus huv

cistanche ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig-yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev

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Kev sib kis sai thoob ntiaj teb ntawm SARS-CoV-2 tau pib ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li lub zej zog pib tshwm sim los ntawm ntau lub hlis ntawm kev kaw nruj, ntau lub xeev tau so kev txwv kev mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev siv zog los txhawb lawv txoj kev lag luam. Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov pej xeem tab tom pib lom zem lub zeem muag ntawm kev rov pib dua ntawm kev mus ncig ib txwm, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis paub.1 Raws li cov kws kho mob mus ncig, peb tau txais ntau cov lus nug los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pej xeem txog kev nyab xeeb tam sim no ntawm kev mus los hauv huab cua thiab lawv tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv. ya mus.

Kev sim tshuaj Serologic rau kev tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug thov. Ntau tus neeg xav paub txog qhov muaj peev xwm kis tau yav dhau los raws li cov tsos mob keeb kwm tab sis thaum tsis muaj kev kuaj pom tseeb. Lub tswv yim ntawm 'kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv hla tebchaws' tau dhau los, uas yog cov pov thawj serologic ntawm SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhia tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob.2 Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb, xws li 'daim ntawv pov thawj tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo' tuaj yeem ua pov thawj. kev ntxhov siab rau pej xeem taug kev thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev tswj hwm ciam teb hauv tebchaws.

cistanche cov txiaj ntsig rau txiv neej-ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob

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Daim ntawv hla tebchaws tiv thaiv kab mob twb muaj nyob rau hauv pej xeem noj qab haus huv thiab tshuaj mus ncig.

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws daj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog xav tau raws li International Health Regulations. Rau ib daim ntawv pov thawj kev tiv thaiv kab mob kom siv tau nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm COVID-19, nws yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov txheej txheem teev tseg hauv Table 1. Kev tshawb fawb pej xeem los ntawm Switzerland kwv yees tias 10.8% tau kis tus kab mob SARS-CoV{{ 6}}.3 Ib yam li cov qib seroprevalence me me tau tshaj tawm rau lwm qhov. Cov lus nug ntawm seb seropositivity puas cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau teb. Thaum feem ntau COVID-19 cov neeg mob seroconvert nyob rau hauv 2 lub lis piam ntawm qhov pib tshwm sim, IgG titer tau pom tias poob qis hauv lub lis piam ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv qee tus neeg mob.4 Kev tshuaj xyuas Cochrane tsis ntev los no tau tshuaj xyuas cov kev tshawb fawb uas ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm COVID{ {11}} cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.5 Cov kws sau ntawv tau qhia tsis ntseeg txog qhov kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas kuaj pom cov pov thawj ntawm kev kis kab mob dhau los dhau 5 lub lis piam ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Kev taw qhia txog kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv hla tebchaws raug cuam tshuam nrog cov kev cov nyom, tsis yog tsawg kawg yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm pej xeem, vim tias cov neeg taug kev raug stratified rau 'kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj cai' thiab 'Immuno deprived'. Cov kev tsis sib xws hauv zej zog tuaj yeem nthuav dav yog tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem siv tau thoob ntiaj teb.

cistanche cov txiaj ntsig rau txiv neej-ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob

Cov pej xeem los ntawm cov teb chaws uas tsis muaj peev xwm siv tau cov kev pab cuam tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem raug txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau cov teb chaws uas tswj hwm lawv. Kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm COVID-19 tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal6 no qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees rau kev noj qab haus huv ntxiv. Daim ntawv hla tebchaws tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tsim kev txhawb siab tsis zoo, xws li cov neeg tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus kheej kis tau.

cistanche tubulosa- txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob

Daim ntawv pov thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws daj yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb7, thiab kev dag ntxias kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kab mob COVID-19 daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm hais tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv hla tebchaws tuaj yeem rov tuaj xyuas dua tom qab, yog tias muaj thoob ntiaj teb, nkag mus rau lub sijhawm rau kev tiv thaiv COVID-19 tshuaj tiv thaiv, peb sau npe rau cov lus qhia tsis ntev los no los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb uas siv cov ntawv pov thawj zoo li no. ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob kis tau tus kab mob uas cov tib neeg tsis ntseeg tias lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv thiab tsis quav ntsej cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem.8 Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb seroprevalence tseem yuav txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab txog COVID-19, kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua ib txoj hauv kev. Kev lees paub kev nyab xeeb rau kev mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb yuav zoo li txwv rau tam sim no.

Table 1 Immunity passport validation standards for COVID-19

Cov ntaub ntawv

1 Wilson ME, Chen LH. Rov pib taug kev hauv lub sijhawm ntawm COVID- 19: npaj ib qho tshiab. J Travel Med 2020. doi: 10.1093/jtm/ taaa108.

2 Chen LH, Freedman DO, Visser LG. COVID-19 daim ntawv hla tebchaws tiv thaiv kom yooj yim txwv kev mus ncig? J Travel Med 2020. doi: 10.1093/jtm/ taaa085.

3 Stringhini S, Wisniak A, Piumatti G et al. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoV-POP): a population-based study. Lancet 2020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20){11}}.

4 Cheng MP, Yansouni CP, Basta NE et al. Serodiagnostics rau tus mob hnyav ua pa nyuaj rau tus mob coronavirus-2: kev tshuaj xyuas. Ann Intern Med 2020. doi: 10.7326/M20-2854.

5 Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, Takwoingi Y, et al. Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;(6): CD013652.

6 Alobuia WM, Dalva-Baird NP, Forrester JD et al. Kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg hauv kev paub, kev coj cwj pwm, thiab kev coj ua ntsig txog COVID-19 hauv Asmeskas. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. doi: 10.1093/PubMed/fdaa069.

7 Schönenberger S, Hatz C, Bühler S. Kev kuaj tsis tau pom dua ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas daj thaum tuaj txog hauv Tanzania. J Travel Med 2016;23(5:1–5. doi: 10.1093/jtm/tau 035.

8 Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. "Immunity passports" nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm COVID-19. Scientific Brief 2020. https://www.who.int/news-roo m/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-in-the-context-of-co vid-19 (5 Lub Xya Hli 2020, hnub kawg nkag mus ).

9 Kirkcaldy RD, King BA, Brooks JT. KEVID-19 thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab: muaj pov thawj tsawg, ntau cov lus nug tseem tshuav. JAMA 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.7869.

10 Lisboa Bastos M, Tavaziva G, Abidi SK et al. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj serological rau COVID-19: kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas. BMJ 2020; 370:m2516.