Hu rau:Joanna.jia@wecistanche.com

Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong-Rong): Ib Qhov Khoom Plig Zoo Tshaj Plaws Ntawm Cov Tshuaj Hauv Suav Teb

Zhiming Li, Huinuan Lin, Long Gu, Jingwen Gao

Zhiming Li, Huinuan Lin, Long Gu, Jingwen Gao thiab Chi-Meng Tzeng

1. Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Suav teb,

2. Lub Tuam Txhab Tseem Ceeb rau Cancer T-Cell Theranostics thiab Kev Txhais Lus Kho Mob, Xiamen, Suav,

3. INNOVA Clinics thiab TRANSLA Health Group, Xiamen, Suav

CistancheHom, hu ua Rou Cong-Rong hauv Suav, yog hom tsiaj qus uas muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab feem ntau yog faib rau hauv cov av qhuav thiab cov suab puam sov ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Hauv Cov Tshuaj Hauv Suav Teb (TCM),Herba Cistancheyog siv raws li ib tug tonic thiab / los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug formula rau mob raum kab mob, impotence, poj niam infertility, morbid leucorrhea, profuse metrorrhagia, thiab senile cem quav. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawmHerba Cistanchefeem ntau muaj cov roj uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob, uas tsis yog-volatilephenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs),iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides, thiab polysaccharides. Muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau nws cov haujlwm bio-kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv oxidation, neuroprotection, thiab antiaging. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog los qhia cov tshuaj ntsuab no rau lub ntiaj teb. Nws cov taxonomy, kev faib tawm, thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg thiab cov txheej txheem molecular tau hais hauv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no.

Ntsiab lus:Cistanchelaj, HerbaCistanche, phenylethanoid glycosides, txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm, aphrodisiac effect, tiv thaiv kab mob

Cistanchedeserticolatxhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, nyem qhov no kom tau txais cov qauv

Cistanche, Et Link yog ib lub genus hauv tsev neeg Orobanchaceae thiab suav nrog 22 hom thoob plaws ntiaj teb. CovcistancheCov tsiaj muaj xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob perennial, uas feem ntau xa mus rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag xuab zeb, xws li Haloxylon ammodendron, H. persicum, Kalidium foliated, thiab Tamarix nroj tsuag (Li et al., 2013b). Feem ntau,cistancheCov tsiaj faib nyob rau hauv cov av qhuav thiab cov suab puam nyob rau sab qaum teb hemisphere, xws li cov xeev ntawm Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, thiab Ningxia Autonomous Region hauv Suav teb ntxiv rau thaj tsam zoo sib xws ntawm cov teb chaws xws li Iran, Is Nrias teb, thiab Mongolia (Jiang thiab Tu, 2009). Kev loj hlob thiab kev cog qoob loo ntawmcistancheCov tsiaj xav tau ib puag ncig hnyav: huab cua qhuav heev, cov av depauperate, qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv, lub hnub ci hnyav, thiab tsawg dua 250 hli dej nag txhua xyoo (Qiao li al., 2007). Ntawm 22 hom hauv ntiaj teb, muaj rau muaj nyob hauv Suav teb raws li Taxonomical Index ntawm Suav Higher Plants (Plant Institute of Chinese Academy of Science, 1994); Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tom qab tau qhia tias tsuas yog 4 hom thiab 1 variation ntawmcistanchemuaj nyob hauv Suav teb, suav nrogCistanchedeserticola YC Ma, C. tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight, C. salsa (CA Mey.) G. Beck, C. salsa var. albiflora PF Tu et ZC Lou and C. sinensis G. Beck (Jiang and Tu, 2009).

Lub HerbaCistanche(Rou Cong-Rong hauv Suav) yog thawj zaug sau tseg hauv Shen Nong's Suav Materia Medica, qhov chaw uas nws tau raug xa mus rau cov succulent qhuav ntawm cistanche hom (Karalliedde thiab Kappagoda, 2009). Ntawm tag nrho cov tonics hauv tshuaj suav tshuaj (TCM), HerbaCistancheyog dav lees paub tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau txais lub npe "Ginseng ntawm cov suab puam." Hauv TCM, Herba Cistanche feem ntau tau muab tshuaj los kho mob raum mob, impotence, poj niam infertility, morbid leucorrhea, profuse metrorrhagia, thiab senile cem quav (Zhang li al., 2005). Hauv xyoo 2000 thiab 2005, raws li, Cistanche tubulosa, thiab Cistanche deserticola tau txheeb xyuas hauv Suav Pharmacopeia (Pharmacopoeia, 2000) (Daim duab 1). C. tubulosa tau raug xaiv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau Cistanche deserticola vim nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws thiab cov tshuaj siv tshuaj thiab nws cov nplua nuj (Pharmacopoeia, 2005). Lwm hom ntawm cov genus no, xws li Cistanche salsa thiab Cistanche Sinensis, kuj tau siv los ua lwm yam hauv qee qhov chaw. Cistanche suav hais tias yog ib tsob nroj cog tshiab hauv ntau thaj tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj, qhov dej nag tsawg thiab av desertification hnyav heev.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, cov kws tshawb fawb tau nyiam HerbaCistanche. Kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj ntawm HerbaCistancheqhia tias cov roj tseem ceeb,phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs), iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides, cistanosides, thiab polysaccharides yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (Jin thiab Zhang, 1994). Herba Cistanche extracts yog cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, nrog rau ntau yam haujlwm uas suav nrog kev txhim kho lub raum mob ntev thiab cem quav, nce kev kawm / nco, kho Alzheimer's disease (AD), thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob (Snytnikova li al., 2012; Zhang et al. , 2012; Guo et al., 2013; Li et al., 2013a; Nan et al., 2013). Cov tuam txhab tshuaj feem ntau vam tias yuav nrhiav tau cov tshuaj 'miracle' tom ntej, xws li artemisinin (qinghaosu), cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj qab zib wormwood thiab tau cawm ntau lab tus tib neeg. Lwm qhov piv txwv classic ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub uas tau tshwm sim hauv TCM yog arsenic trioxide, uas tau pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)los kho cov kab mob leukemia hauv xyoo 2000. Cov ntsiab lus tam sim no tsom mus rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog tshuaj lom neeg ntawm HerbaCistanchethiab qee yam ntawm nws cov kev ua ub ua tshuaj muaj feem xyuam.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

Volatile compounds

Hauv cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm HerbaCistanche, alkanes, cawv, aldehydes, thiab heterocyclic raug kuaj pom, thiab palmitic acid, linoleic acid, 14-methylpentadecanoate, ethyl palmitate, thiab 2,5, 6-trimethylolethane tau txheeb xyuas. Cov roj tag nrho ntawm C. tubulosa feem ntau muaj cov roj ntsha palmitic thiab linoleic acid, thaum cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm C. salsa suav nrog alkanes, cawv, aldehydes, thiab qee cov tshuaj heterocyclic (Jiang thiab Tu, 2009). Cov tebchaw tsis hloov pauv ntawm Herba Cistanche, zoo li cov roj tseem ceeb, feem ntau tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm chav distillation lossis lipophilic organic hnyav. Los ntawm kev rho tawm C. deserticola nrog roj av ether thiab tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas cov qauv ntawm GC-MS, 25 cov tshuaj tsis hloov pauv tau raug txheeb xyuas, thiab 3 cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv cov roj av ether extract yog methyl 14-methylpentadecanoate (13.61 feem pua), ethylpentadecanoate (13.61%). (12.39%), thiab 2,5, 6-trimethylolethane

(7.60%) (Jiang and Tu, 2009).

Tsis-Volatile Compounds

Ntawm cov tsis-volatile compounds ntawm HerbaCistancheTam sim no, ntau tshaj 100 tau raug cais tawm thiab txheeb xyuas. Cov tebchaw no feem ntau yog PhGs, iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides, thiab polysaccharides. Raws li cov chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaw uas yog HerbaCistanche, PhGs tau kawm zoo (Table 1). Txog niaj hnub no, 34 PhG cov tebchaw tau raug cais tawm ntawm Herba Cistanche, suav nrog 22 disaccharide glycosides, 10 trisaccharide glycosides, thiab 2 monosaccharide glycosides. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm PhGs yog raws li hauv qab no. (1) Rau disaccharide glycosides, cov piam thaj moiety muaj cov piam thaj thiab rhamnose txuas los ntawm Glc (3 1) Rha linkage; Cov piam thaj feem ntau txuas ncaj qha mus rau aglycone, thiab coumaroyl lossis caffeoyl feem ntau nyob ntawm C4 lossis C6 txoj haujlwm. (2) Rau trisaccharide glycosides, muaj lwm cov piam thaj los yog rhamnose ntawm C6 txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov piam thaj hauv qab. Tsis ntev los no, Li et al. (2015) tau ua tiav thawj zaug sib sib zog nqus transcriptome sequencing ntawm cov qia ntawm C. deserticola los ntawm RNA-seq thiab txheeb xyuas qee cov enzyme tseem ceeb thiab txoj hauv kev uas koom nrog hauv biosynthesis ntawm lignin thiab PhGs, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag kho mob no.

Rau lwm yam tsis-volatile compounds ntawm HerbaCistanche, 3 iridoid aglycones thiab 14 iridoid glycosides tam sim no tau raug cais tawm los ntawmcistanchehom (Xie et al., 2006); 1 thiab 5 lignan glycosides tau cais tawm ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiabCistanchetubulosa, feem. Tsuas yog 2 alkaloids, betaine, thiab N, N-dimethyl glycine methyl ester, tau raug cais tawm ntawm Herba Cistanche (Jiang thiab Tu, 2009). Me me ntawm lwm cov tebchaw, xws li phenolic glycosides, sterols lossis lawv glycosides, fatty acids, amino acids, thiab kab kawm, kuj muaj nyob rau hauv Herba Cistanche (Snytnikova li al., 2012).

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Raws li kev tiv thaiv neuroprotection, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev sib deev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm HerbaCistanche, peb muaj kev sib tham hauv daim ntawv (Cov duab ntxiv S1)

Txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm

Thaum xav txog kev kawm thiab kev nco, muaj peb theem ntawm cov txheej txheem: (1) muaj peev xwm kom tau txais kev nco, piv txwv li, muaj peev xwm kawm; (2) muaj peev xwm khaws cia nco, piv txwv li, consolidation; thiab (3) muaj peev xwm rov qab nco tau cov ntaub ntawv (Choi et al., 2011). CovCistanchetubulosa extract tau lees paub tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txhim kho cov txheej txheem no los ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub hlwb neuron apoptosis los ntawm kev qhia ntawm apoptosis-txog yam cuam tshuam thiab neurotrophic yam hauv MES23.5 hlwb (Lin et al., 2013). Cistanche tubulosa extracts, muaj cov nplua nuj echinacoside, thiab acteoside, tuaj yeem txo qhov kev xav tsis zoo los ntawm AB1_42 los ntawm kev thaiv cov amyloid deposition, thim rov qab cholinergic, thiab hippocampal dopaminergic neuronal muaj nuj nqi hauv AD-zoo li nas qauv (Wu et al. ). Ib qho ntawm PhGs, echinacoside, feem ntau hu ua lub ntsiab phenolic tivthaiv hauv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm Echinacea Angustifolia, uas tau siv dav hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America rau nws cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau txiav txim siab tias echinacoside tuaj yeem cawm tib neeg fibroblasts (SHSY5Y) los ntawm TNFa-induced apoptosis. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias echinacoside tiv thaiv cov fibroblasts puas los ntawm kev tswj cov qib oxygen reactive hom nyob rau hauv fibroblasts thiab ua kom cov caspase-3 (Zhao li al., 2010). Kev sim hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo tau lees paub tias tus neeg PhGs tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov apoptosis ntawm cov hlwb neuronal ntxias los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj (Tian thiab Pu, 2005; Geng li al., 2007). Yog li, tus neeg PhGs tuaj yeem yog cov neeg sib tw txaus nyiam tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob neurodegenerative, xws li dementia lossis Parkinson's disease (PD). Ntxiv mus, ib qho qhib-daim ntawv lo, uas tsis yog-placebo-tswj txoj kev kawm ntawmCistanchetubulosa glycoside capsules (MemoregainOR) qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua tau txoj kev kho mob rau me me mus rau nruab nrab AD, thiab tag nrho cov kev phiv tshwm sim yog me me. (Guo et al., 2013).

Ib yam li ntawd, Csitanche salsa extract tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm fibroblasts thiab txhawb kev tsim cov neurons los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm neurites. Nws kuj muaj qee yam khoom raws li hauv qab no: tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cerebral ischemia-reperfusion; tiv thaiv apoptosis ntawm CA1 cheeb tsam ntawm hippocampus (Wang li al., 2004); thiab nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov neurotransmitters, xws li dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), thiab serotonin (5-HT), nyob rau hauv nas hlwb (Chen et al., 2007; Choi et al., 2011; Zhong et al., 2012). Cov acteoside- nplua nuj feem ntawm C. salsa extract tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov pa oxygen reactive, tiv thaiv DNA puas, txhim khu kev ua haujlwm ntawm superoxide dismutase (SOD) thiab tiv thaiv lipid peroxidation (Lin li al., 2002; Deng li al., 2004b; He et al. ib., 2009a). Vim tias acteoside muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative muaj zog heev uas yog 15 npaug zog dua li resveratrol thiab tsib npaug zog dua vitamin C (Chiou et al., 2004).

Aphrodisiac nyhuv

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias muaj ethanol extract ntawmCistanchetubulosa tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj hormones ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev ua rau cov qe ntshav steroidogenic enzymes (xws li, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP3A4) (Wang li al., 2015). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob qhia ntawm 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3B-HSD), uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm testosterone, 5a-reductase-2 thiab Aldo-keto reductase (enzymes uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm dihydrotestosterone), tuaj yeem raug ntxias los ntawm Cistanche tubulosa extract, qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm Cistanche tubulosa extract ntawm txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones (Shimoda li al., 2009). Acteoside, uas yog distilled los ntawmCistanchetubulosa, ua kom luv luv lub sij hawm latent ntawm noov erection (p < {{0}}}.01),="" nce="" tus="" naj="" npawb="" ntawm="" cov="" kab="" mob="" (p=""><0.01), thiab="" txhim="" kho="" pathological="" hloov="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" cov="" noob="" qes="" (ma="" et="" al.="" ,="" 2009).="" echinacoside,="" uas="" yog="" lwm="" qhov="" tshiab="" tau="" txheeb="" xyuas="" phg="" thiab="" feem="" ntau="" hu="" ua="" lub="" ntsiab="" lus="" tseem="" ceeb="" ntawm="" echinacea,="" muaj="" ntau="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" cistanche="" tubulosa="" thiab="" muaj="" cov="" haujlwm="" vaso-so="" (yoshikawa="" li="" al.,="" 2006).="" cov="" txheej="" txheem="" aphrodisiac="" ntawm="" cistanche="" tubulosa="" tuaj="" yeem="" koom="" nrog="" no-cgmp="" teeb="" liab="" hloov="" txoj="" hauv="" kev,="" nrog="" nce="" qib="" cgmp="" hauv="" cov="" leeg="" nqaij="" corpus="" cavernosum="" (nws="" li="" al.,="" 2009b).="" pan="" thiab="" min="" (2004)="" qhia="" tias="" kev="" siv="" ua="" ke="" ntawm="">CistancheExtract tuaj yeem tiv thaiv adrenal cortical atrophy, uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv corticosteroids nkaus xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cistanche deserticola extract tuaj yeem thim rov qab cov tshuaj toxicity hauv cov nas vim yog hydroxyurea (Gu li al., 2013) thiab glycoside ntawm Leigongteng (Radix et Rhizoma Tripterygii) (Li et al., 2014).

Raws li TCM, Yang-Qi raum-Yang Deficiency Syndrome (KDS-Yang) yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj "Yang-Qi" hauv lub raum. Luv luv, Yang-Qi yog ib lo lus TCM thiab tej zaum yuav qhia tau hais tias mitochondrion-tsav biological kev ua ub no ntawm tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv saib ntawm biomedical kev tshawb fawb (Leong li al., 2015). Hauv H9c2 cardiomyocytes, HerbaCistanchetau ua pov thawj los txhim kho mitochondrial respiration thiab glutathione antioxidant raws li txoj cai (Wong and Ko, 2013). Yang-Qi qhov tsis txaus hauv TCM zoo ib yam li cov mob qaug zog ntev hauv cov tshuaj Western. KDS-Yang cov tsos mob muaj xws li mob thiab qaug zog ntawm lub duav thiab lub hauv caug, txias txias, lag ntseg, thiab tinnitus. Cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tau pom tias kev puas tsuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub qog hypothalamic-pituitary-lub hom phiaj, nrog rau cov qog adrenal, thyroid, thiab gonad, yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm KDS-Yang (Zhao li al., 2013). Gong et al. (2008) tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm C. deserticola (decoction, 10 g / kg d) hauv hydrocortisone-induced KDS-Yang qauv nas thiab pom tias Cistanche deserticola extract tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev hnyav, kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, thiab lub sijhawm ua luam dej thaum txo qis tom qab- Kev tawm dag zog ntshav lactic acid (LAC) thiab ntshav urea nitrogen (BUN). Raws li tau piav qhia hauv Compendium of Materia Medica, Herba Cistanche yog qhov mob me thiab yuav tsis mob hnyav lossis hnyav thaum kho KDS-Yang. Interestingly, KDS-Yang kuj ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog, thiab yog li, muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev kho KDS-Yang thiab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (Yim and Ko, 2002).

Immune-Boosting Effects

Dhau li ntawm nws ib txwm siv, kev noj txhua hnub ntawm HerbaCistanchentseeg tau tias yog tus yuam sij ntawm cov neeg uas muaj lub neej ntev hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyij Pooj tau paub txog kev ua neej ntev thiab dej hiav txwv. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias ob qho tib siCistanchesalsa extract thiab Cistanche tubulosa extract tuaj yeem qhib cov hlwb lymphoid thiab ua kom cov kab mob qog noj ntshav tuag (Maruyama li al., 2009). Cistanchedeserticola extract tuaj yeem qhib lub phagocytic kev ua haujlwm ntawm macrophages hauv nas thiab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (Li et al., 2009). Carbohydrates suav rau feem ntau ntawm qhov qhuav ntawm Herba Cistanche. Cov polysaccharides ntawm Cistanche deserticola yog ze ze rau kev tiv thaiv-txhim kho thiab tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav (Xu li al., 2011). Galactitol yog ib qho ntawm cov monosaccharides hauv Herba Cistanche nrog laxative ua haujlwm (Baishun li al., 2003). Cov tib neeg cov tshuaj xws li oligosaccharides nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab mob spleen ntawm cov nas, nce phagocytotic kev ua ntawm macrophages thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (Maruyama li al., 2008). Acteoside (10 lossis 50 mg / kg subcutaneously) tseem ceeb inhibits hepatic apoptosis, kab mob siab, thiab ua kom tuag hauv cov nas uas muaj kab mob siab apoptosis thiab siab tsis ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim los ntawm D-galactosamine (DGalN) thiab lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Xiong et al, 19). Echinacoside-enriched extract ntawmCistanchetubulosa muaj txiaj ntsig los tiv thaiv dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis hauv nas (Jia li al., 2014). Tsis ntev los no, Zhang et al. (2014) nrhiav tau qhov ntawdCistanchedeserticola extract tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej hauv SAM-P8 nas. Hauv Zhang li al., (2014) txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog Cistanche deserticola extract tuaj yeem txo cov qib ntawm peripheral nco T hlwb thiab txhim kho qib ntawm naive T hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Herba Cistanche aqueous extract tau raug pov thawj los tiv thaiv cov pob txha los ntawm zes qe menyuam tsis txaus los ntawm kev tswj qee cov pob txha metabolism hauv cov noob (xws li Smad1, Smad5, TGF-b1, thiab TIEG1) (Liang et al., 2011, 2013), thiab monoterpene los ntawm Cistanche salsa tau raug txheeb xyuas tias yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv osteoporotic (Yamaguchi li al., 1999). Herba Cistanche pab tib neeg kom nkag siab zoo txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo hauv TCM.

XAIV

HerbaCistanchetau siv ib txwm siv los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev sib deev kev noj qab haus huv, tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation, neuroprotection, thiab tonic. Ntau yam HerbaCistanchecov khoom thiab nws cov derivative yog dav siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Tuam Tshoj. Kev siv cov tshuaj no tau hloov zuj zus mus ze li ntawm 2, 000 xyoo, thiab qhov kev thov rau HerbaCistanchetau loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Tom qab siv mus ntev, cov tshuaj sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj muaj pov thawj, xws li acteoside, thiab echinacoside, tsim nyog tau txais kev kawm ntau dua ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho tus neeg mob lub neej zoo. Nrog rau kev kawm ntxiv, TCM tseem ceeb no ntseeg tau tias muaj kev cia siab zoo.

SUPPLEMENTARY KHOOM

DUAB S1|Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntsha thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom nquag ntawm HerbaCistanche. Cov khoom xyaw nquag cais tawm los ntawm Herba Cistanche muaj peb lub luag haujlwm lom neeg lom neeg: txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv. HerbaCistancheextracts yog sib tov ntawm ntau yam active compounds, thiab ib tug raug suav tshuaj suav tshuaj (TCM) paub txog ntau yam lom lub hom phiaj.Phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs) muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv neuroprotective nyob rau hauv cov kab mob neurodegenerative raws li lawv cov dawb radical scavenging muaj peev xwm, anti-apoptosis kev ua ub no, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev nce nqi ntawm lub paj hlwb neurotransmitters, thiab txhim kho SOD kev ua. Kev siv Herba Cistanche niaj hnub hauv Suav tshuaj ntsuab yog kho KDS-Yang, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem fertility (xws li impotence thiab poj niam infertility) vim hais tias Herba Cistanche txawv ntawm lwm cov tshuaj uas feem ntau muaj kev ua haujlwm hnyav dua. Herba Cistanche tswj cov hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) thiab hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (PHA) axes, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev sib deev zoo thiab sib luag. Ntxiv mus, phenylethanoid aminoglycosides thiab acylated oligosaccharides los ntawm Herba Cistanche muaj vasorelaxant kev ua ntawm NO-cGMP txoj kev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam thiab kev sim, kev ua kom HPA axis nce plasma cytokines thiab mob hnyav-theem protein ntau. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem nce phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov lus teb rau T-dependent antigens hauv cov hlwb spleen.

REFERENCES

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Cov Lus Qhia Tsis Txaus Siab: Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua thaum tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam lossis nyiaj txiag uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm tsis sib haum xeeb.

Copyright © 2016 Li, Lin, Gu, Gao thiab Tzeng. Qhov no yog ib tsab xov xwm qhib tau muab faib raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Kev siv, kev faib tawm lossis kev tsim tawm hauv lwm lub rooj sab laj tau tso cai, yog tus thawj kws sau ntawv lossis tus neeg tso cai raug lees paub thiab cov ntawv luam tawm thawj zaug hauv phau ntawv xov xwm no raug suav, raws li kev lees paub kev kawm. Tsis pub siv, faib, lossis rov tsim dua uas tsis ua raws li cov lus no.