Cov Nta Ntawm Cov Teeb Meem Dawb Uas Biomarkers Rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Alzheimer's Disease Thiab Kev Paub Txog Me Me

Hu rau: emily.li@wecistanche.com

Bahare Bigham, et al

Abstract:

Keeb kwm:

Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov duab kho mob thiab cov cuab yeej ua tiav, kev kuaj xyuas cov kab mob kom raug tau ua tiav los ntawm cov tshuab ntse. Raws li qhov muaj peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txhawb nqa vector tshuab (SVMs) rau kev kuaj kab mob, kev tshawb fawb dav siv tau siv SVM algorithm rau kev faib tawm ntawmAlzheimer tus kab mobkab mob(AD) thiab kev paub tsis meej me ntsis (MCI).

Lub hom phiaj:

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb siv ib txoj kev automated los faib cov neeg mob nrogAlzheimer tus kab mobKab mobthiab MCI thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv (HC) cov ntsiab lus raws li diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) nta hauv cov teeb meem dawb (SWM).

Cov neeg koom nrog:

Rau lub hom phiaj no, DTI cov ntaub ntawv raug downloaded los ntawm lubAlzheimer tus kab mobKab mobNeuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Txoj kev no ua haujlwm DTI cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 72 yam: 24 yam nrog HC, 24 yam nrog MCI, thiab 24 yam nrog AD.

Kev ntsuas: DTI ua tiav siv DSI Studio software thiab txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb tshuab tau ua tiav siv MATLAB software.

Cov txiaj ntsig:

Lub linear kernel ntawm SVM yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws classifier, nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 95.8 feem pua ​​​​ntawm covAlzheimer tus kab mobKab mobthiab HC pawg, ua raws li cov quadratic kernel ntawm SVM nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 83.3 feem pua ​​​​ntawm MCI thiab HC pawg, thiab Gaussian kernel ntawm SVM nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 83.3 feem pua ​​​​ntawm AD thiab MCI pawg. Cov ntsiab lus: Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob AD thiab MCI nrog rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem dawb nyob rau hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative, hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm DTI txoj kev sib txawv ntawm SWM tau tham txog, uas tuaj yeem yog cov cuab yeej siv tau los pab. hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm AD thiab MCI.

Keywords: Txhawb vector tshuab, Diffusion tensor imaging,Alzheimer tus kab mobkab mob, me me kev txawj ntse tsis zoo, Superficial dawb teeb meem

Nyem qhov no kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog Cistanche rau Alzheimer's Disease

1. Taw qhia

Vim qhov nce hauv cov neeg laus, raug thiab muaj txiaj ntsig nrhiav tau ntawmAlzheimer tus kab mob(AD) tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv zej zog [1]. Kev paub tsis meej me ntsis (MCI) yog ib qho mob ntawm kev laus-txog kev paub txog kev poob qis thiab kev poob qis dua ntawm dementia. Txij li tsis muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb rau MCI thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob mus rau dementia, kev kuaj mob, thiab kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob tseem ceeb heev [2].

Cov kab mob neurodegenerative feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qee thaj tsam ntawm lub hlwb. Superficial white matter (SWM) yog ib cheeb tsam uas tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij rau ntau yam kab mob, raws li tus qauv retrogenesis [3, 4]. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tau tsim ib qho kev txhawb nqa vector tshuab (SVM) qauv uas faib HC, MCI, thiab AD cov kev kawm raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm SWM.

Vim muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuab tsis siv neeg thev naus laus zis hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob, tshuab kev kawm tshuab pab cov kws kho mob txiav cov kab mob [5]. SVM, raws li kev saib xyuas tshuab kev kawm, yog lub cuab yeej muaj zog heev hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj analytics [1].

Cov tswv yim hauv hlwb pom tau dav pom tias muaj peev xwm rau kev kuaj mob hlwb. Siv cov tswv yim no, teeb meem hauv tib neeg lub hlwb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev phais mob hlwb. Tam sim no, ntau qhov kev lees paub kev nyab xeeb yog siv hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb thiab tsev kho mob thoob ntiaj teb [6]. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) yog ib qho tshiab MRI-raws li cov txheej txheem neuroimaging uas tso cai rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm neuronal fiber ntau ncaj ncees [7].

DTI cov ntaub ntawv rov tsim dua tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: qauv-dawb thiab cov qauv qauv. Cov qauv raws li kev tsim kho xws li DTI rov tsim dua xav tias cov duab ntawm cov dej ntws raws li tus qauv 3D Gaussian, tab sis tsis muaj kev xav ntawm kev faib tawm hauv cov qauv tsis pub dawb xws li q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction (QSDR) txoj kev. Txoj kev QSDR rov tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv hauv Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) qhov chaw [8]. DSI Studio software (www. dsi-s tudio.labsolver.org) txhawb nqa ob qho tib si qauv-raws li thiab qauv-dawb txoj kev tsim kho dua tshiab.

Kev ntsuas sib txawv yog muab los ntawm DTI txoj kev tsim kho dua tshiab suav nrog txhais tau tias diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AxD), thiab radial diffusivity (RD). Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntom tau muab los ntawm QSDR txoj kev tsim kho dua tshiab suav nrog ntau qhov anisotropy (QA), tus nqi isotropic (ISO), txwv tsis pub diffusion imaging (RDI), thiab lwm yam.

QA yog ib qho kev ntsuas los ntsuas cov neeg spin nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb thiab daws cov pejxeem fiber ntau (tshwj xeeb hla cov fibers). Qhov normalized QA (QA) scale yog xam los ntawm normalizing tus nqi QA siab tshaj plaws rau ib qho kom QA tuaj yeem sib piv ntau dua thoob plaws qhov kev kawm [9].

RDI yog ib txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas qhov ceev ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (xws li 10 microns) [10].

Lub peev xwm los kwv yees cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm diffusion siv lub tensor kuj tau txais cov txheej txheem tractography, uas tau siv los xam cov kev sib txuas matrix thiab kev ntsuas network [11].

Lub hlwb yog sawv cev raws li ib tug complex network muaj xws li neurons thiab lub paj hlwb cheeb tsam uas muaj structurally thiab functionally cuam tshuam. Lub hlwb network (los yog daim duab) muaj cov nodes ( sawv cev rau cov neurons los yog lub hlwb cheeb tsam) txuas los ntawm kab (kev sib txuas ntawm lub hlwb thaj tsam) [12].

Kev tshawb fawb hauv network tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev txheeb xyuas lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab nkag siab txog kev sib txuas ntawm lub hlwb thiab tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev kho mob tsis zoo [13].

Kev ntsuas lub network muaj xws li assortativity, efficiency, PageRank, nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb me me network, thiab lwm yam; lawv tau siv los nkag siab zoo dua cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb ua lub network [14].

Tsuas yog ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau siv ntau txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas xws li thaj tsam ntawm kev txaus siab (ROI), kev sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas hauv DTI thiab QSDR rov tsim kho. Peb siv cov txheej txheem SVM raws li cov yam ntxwv tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov teeb meem dawb dawb los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj ntsuam saum toj no rau kev kuaj pom binary ntawm ADand MCI, AD thiab HC, thiab MCI thiab HC.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm M.Sc. thesis thiab tau tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Ethical number: IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1397.320).

Cov kauj ruam yog raws li nram no:

2.1. Kev txais cov ntaub ntawv

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 72 tus neeg koom ntawm peb pawg tau rub tawm los ntawmAlzheimer tus kab mobKab mobNeuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev tshawb no suav nrog cov ncauj lus los ntawm AD (n ¼ 24), MCI (n ¼ 24), thiab tswj (n ¼ 24) pawg tau raug xaiv los ntawm ADNI2 qhov project.

Tag nrho lub hlwb DTI ntawm cov kev kawm tau tsim los ntawm ADNI2 project nrog cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no: Chaw tsim khoom ¼ GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS; Matrix X ¼ 256 0 pixels; Matrix Y ¼ 256 0 pixels; Matrix Z ¼ 2714 0; Pixel Loj X ¼ 1.4 mm; Pixel Loj Y ¼ 1.4 mm; PulseSequence ¼ EP/SE; lub sij hawm rov ua dua (TR) ntawm 13000 ms, ncha lub sij hawm (TE) ntawm 68.3 ms, tig lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90, lub zog teb ntawm 3.0, hlais thickness ntawm 2.7 hli, 41 tsis-collinear cov lus qhia nrog b -tus nqi ntawm 1000 s / mm2, thiab 5 cov duab uas tsis muaj qhov hnyav hnyav. Ntxiv nrog rau cov duab, cov ntaub ntawv kho mob thiab neuropsychological ntawm cov ncauj lus kuj tau rub tawm.

2.2. DTI kev ua haujlwm

Rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv nyoos, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv qab no tau ua kom tshem tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm DTI cov txheej txheem hauv SWM (yog pom hauv daim duab 1). Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav siv DSI Studio software (tsim los ntawm Fang-Cheng Yeh los ntawm Advanced Biomedical MRI Lab, National Taiwan University Tsev Kho Mob, Taiwan, txhawb nqa los ntawm Fiber Tractography Lab.

2.2.1. Preprocessing thiab reconstruction kauj ruam

Ua ntej DTI parameter ntsuas, kho lub taub hau txav thiab eddy-tam sim no thiab pob txha taub hau stripping tau ua tiav. Rau pob txha taub hau thiab lim cov cheeb tsam keeb kwm yav dhau, peb siv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg los ntawm DSI Studio. Tom qab ntawd hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej, peb tau siv ob txoj kev tsim kho dua tshiab suav nrog qauv qauv (DTI) thiab tus qauv dawb (QSDR) kev xaiv hauv DSI Studio; nrog ob tus cwj pwm txawv los ua cov duab diffusion.

2.2.2. ROI mus kom ze

Tom qab cov kauj ruam rov tsim kho, qhov sib txawv DTI tsis tau txais los ntawm ROI, kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas, thiab txoj hauv kev network. ROI yog tus kheej rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, thaj tsam SWM hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Lub npog ntsej muag (hauv MNI qhov chaw) ntawm thaj av no tau txais los ntawm kev kawm zoo sib xws los ntawm Arash Nazeri li al [15, 16].

Raws li kev faib cov hlwb hauv cheeb tsam hauv Terminologia Anatomica 1998 [17] thiab Terminologia Neuroanatomica 2017 (FIPAT. Terminologia Neuroanatomica. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Program rau Anatomical Terminology, Lub Ob Hlis 2017), peb tau faib thaj tsam SWM rau hauv 12 thaj chaw anatomical suav nrog frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic, thiab insular lobes (ntawm txhua sab) los ntawm Talairach Atlas [18] (Daim duab 2). Cov cheeb tsam no tau lees paub los ntawm ob tus kws paub txog hluav taws xob. Thaum kawg, peb ntxiv sub-regions SWM atlas kom zoo dua thiab yooj yim dua rau DSI-Studio software atlases. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 12 SWM cheeb tsam thiab qhov nruab nrab DTI thiab QSDR tus nqi raug xam rau txhua cheeb tsam.

2.2.3. Tractography txoj kev

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, FA thiab QA indexes tau siv rau DTI thiab QSDR rov tsim kho los txiav txim siab qhov pib nrhiav fiber ntau, feem. Thaum pib, SWM cheeb tsam (raws li ROI) tau muab tso rau thiab tractography tau ua nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam. Cov tractography ntawm txhua cheeb tsam SWM tau ua nrog 100000 cov noob, randomly generated ntawm subvoxel txoj hauj lwm, thiab cov noob tau muab tso rau thoob plaws tag nrho cov cheeb tsam SWM, nrog ib kauj ruam loj ntawm 0 (0.5 voxels mus rau 1.5 voxel nrug) thiab tus nqi smoothing ntawm 1. Cov kev taug qab los ntawm cov thawj fiber ntawm ib tug seeding point yog teem rau streamline (Euler), thiab cov kev taw qhia interpolation yog teem rau trilinear. Qhov ntev fiber ntau tau teem caij nruab nrab ntawm 30 thiab 300 mm.

2.2.4. Kev sib txuas thiab kev txheeb xyuas network

Tom qab ua haujlwm tractography, cov qauv kev sib txuas ntawm lub hlwb SWM cheeb tsam thiab lub hlwb kev ntsuas tau txais los ntawm QSDR txoj kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, "Connectivity matrix" kev xaiv tau siv los rho tawm cov kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas network. Yog li ntawd tom qab ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub hlwb, kev ntsuas kev sib txuas ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm SWM raug soj ntsuam raws li kev suav ntawm kev sib txuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas los ntawm lub network (xws li kev ua tau zoo, kev sib xyaw ua ke, nruab nrab, thiab lwm yam) tau muab rho tawm los ntawm thaj tsam SWM sib txawv.

2.3. Kev faib cov txheej txheem

Peb suav nrog DTI tsis txwv ntawm ob qho tib si kev tsim kho thiab ntsuas ntsuas los ntawm ROI, tractography, kev sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas hauv network (ie, FA, MD, RD, AxD, thiab QA, QA, iso, RDI, network values, thiab ntau qhov kev sib txuas. nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb cheeb tsam). Rau txhua pab pawg tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau CSV cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau MATLAB software rau kev faib tawm. Cov yam ntxwv muab rho tawm los ntawm txhua tus muaj 504 yam ntxwv ntawm ROI txoj kev, 576 yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev tractography, thiab 702 yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas hauv network. Tom qab txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv, cov vector ntawm cov yam ntxwv rau txhua qhov kev kawm tau kwv yees los ntawm 1782 nta. Txhawm rau npaj cov qauv matrices raws li kev nkag mus rau SVM kev faib tawm qauv, intergroup matrices (HC-AD, HC-MCI, thiab MCI-AD) nrog rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb rau txhua pab pawg tau tsim.

Txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb tshuab tau ua tiav siv MATLAB software (R2014a). Cov kauj ruam tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntawv nram qab no (raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3).

Tom qab DTI cov ntaub ntawv ua, feature extraction, thiab feature vector creation, feature xaiv tau ua.

2.3.1. Feature xaiv

Hauv kev tshawb fawb neuroimaging no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho kev kawm tau siab heev. Yog li txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (lossis tsis muaj) rau kev faib tawm, peb siv ib txoj hauv kev raws li kev sib raug zoo-raws li lim (FCBF), uas yog ib txoj kev xaiv feature rau cov ntaub ntawv siab [19].

Tom qab kev ua DTI, kev xaiv tshwj xeeb yog ua los ntawm FCBFmethods thiab siv hauv SVM rau kev faib binary.

2.3.2. Kev kawm thiab kev faib tawm

Tom qab xaiv qhov tshwj xeeb, peb tau ua ib qho sab hauv 5-fold cross-validation rau cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev cob qhia thiab siv SVM algorithm siv kev faib binary ntawm peb pawg. Cross-validation yog ib qho qauv siv cov txheej txheem siv los xyuas kom meej kev ua tau zoo; nws kuj yog ib txoj kev rov ua piv txwv siv los ntsuas tus qauv yog tias peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv txwv [20]. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, peb soj ntsuam cov Linear, Quadratic, Cubic, thiab Gaussian kernels (zoo, nruab nrab, ntxhib). Vim tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua hauv Linear, Quadratic thiab Gaussian kernels thiab txo qhov nyuaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, peb tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb kernels no. Thaum kawg, peb qhia tus txais kev ua haujlwm yam ntxwv (ROC) nkhaus thiab thaj chaw hauv qab nkhaus (AUC) rau cov ntsiav zoo tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov kev faib tawm (raws li qhia hauv daim duab 4).

2.3.3. Kev ntsuam xyuas

Thaum SVM algorithm tau raug cob qhia, cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog qhov tseeb, qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov rhiab heev, uas tau txhais raws li hauv qab no, yog siv los ntsuas qhov kev faib tawm.

Feem ntau hauv cov kab zauv no, qhov tseeb qhov zoo (TP) yog hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob tau kwv yees kom raug, qhov tsis zoo (FP) yog hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm kev tswj kev noj qab haus huv tau kwv yees tsis raug raws li cov neeg mob, qhov tseeb tsis zoo (TN) yog hais txog tus lej ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tswj tau kwv yees kom raug. , thiab cuav tsis zoo (FN) yog hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob kwv yees tsis raug raws li kev noj qab haus huv [21].

3. Qhov tshwm sim

3.1. Demographic thiab cov yam ntxwv kho mob

Cov pej xeem thiab cov qhab nia kho mob ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 1. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb (P > 0.05) ntawm peb pawg uas hais txog hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej (saib Table 1). Kev ntsuam xyuas lub xeev kev puas siab ntsws (MMSE), Ntiaj teb kev soj ntsuam kev puas siab puas ntsws (CDR), thiab Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm (FAQ) tau sib txawv ntawm peb pawg. Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tau ua los ntawm SPSS 24.

3.2. Kev xaiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom dawb superficial

FCBF txoj kev xaiv feature tau pom 8 yam ntxwv rau kev faib tawm ntawm MCI thiab HC, 25 nta rau kev faib tawm ntawm AD thiab HC, thiab 17 nta rau kev faib tawm ntawm AD thiab MCI (Table 2). Daim duab 5 qhia cov naj npawb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm DTI.

3.3. Kev faib ua haujlwm

Qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, rhiab heev, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb tau tshaj tawm raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Lub linear kernel ntawm SVM yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws classifier, nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 95.8 feem pua, rhiab heev ntawm 95.8 feem pua, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm 95.8 feem pua ​​​​ntawm AD thiab HC pab pawg, ua raws li cov quadratic kernel ntawm SVM nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 83.3 feem pua, rhiab heev ntawm 94.4 feem pua, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm 76.6 feem pua ​​​​ntawm MCI thiab HC pawg thiab Gaussian kernel ntawm SVM nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 83.3 feem pua, qhov rhiab heev ntawm 80.7 feem pua, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm 86.3 feem pua ​​ntawm pawg AD thiab MCI) raws li qhia hauv Table 1). Daim duab 6 qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm peb kernels thiab pom cov kernel zoo tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov kev faib ua khub (saib Table 3).

4. Kev sib tham

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas DTI cov ntaub ntawv, thiab txhua txoj kev muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tau siv peb txoj hauv kev, uas yog ROI, tractography, kev sib txuas, thiab kev txheeb xyuas lub network, kom tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov teeb meem dawb dawb [22].

Cov teeb meem dawb superficial yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw uas tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij rau ntau yam kab mob, raws li tus qauv retrogenesis [23]. Vim li no, thaj chaw no tau tshawb xyuas hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no.

Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los sib txawv ntawm cov tib neeg nrog AD thiab MCI thiab cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau xav nrhiav txoj hauv kev los cais peb pawg. Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, peb tau siv txoj hauv kev los faib cov ncauj lus nrog AD thiab MCI, thiab HC cov ntsiab lus raws li DTI nta hauv SWM.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias fiber ntau architecture ntawm SWM (muaj ntau tus neeg fiber ntau hu ua "hloov fibers") qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim ntau dua li qhov sib sib zog nqus dawb (Daim duab 7). Vim li no, nws zoo li yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem QSDR rov tsim dua tshiab, vim tias cov qauv tsis pub dawb yog qhov tseeb dua hauv voxels uas muaj ntau cov fiber ntau piv nrog cov qauv qauv [24]. Rau lub hom phiaj no, peb siv cov txheej txheem QSDR nrog rau DTI cov txheej txheem rov tsim kho.

Vim muaj kev txhim kho cov kev txawj ntse hauv cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv, lub tshuab kev kawm tau tsim los rau kev faib ua khub ntawm peb pawg. Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev paub, qhov no yog thawj txoj kev tshawb fawb siv lub tshuab vector txhawb nqa los txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm DTI cov txheej txheem hauv SWM.

Peb cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kev faib tawm MCI tau pom tias quadratic kernel yog cov ntsiav zoo tshaj plaws rau kev faib tawm no, nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 83.3 feem pua. Qhov kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm AD cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg laus tswj tau pom 95.8 feem pua ​​​​qhov tseeb los ntawm cov kab hauv kab. Kev sib txuas tsis tau pom qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov yam ntxwv xaiv. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kev sib txuas no tau qhia hauv daim duab 8.

Feem ntau, kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm lub paj hlwb cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem muab cov kws tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm feem ntau cov kab mob neurodegenerative, suav nrog AD thiab MCI. Tsis ntev los no, txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cuab yeej network hauv Alzheimer's tus kab mob tau nyiam ntau tus neeg tshawb fawb. Ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb no yog Daianu li al. [25], Seo et al. [26], Jalii et al. [27], Sheng YJ et al. [28], Sulaiman et al. [29]. Lawv ntseeg hais tias lub hlwb kev sib txuas ntawm lub hlwb muab kev nkag siab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev neural li cas hauv Alzheimer's disease. Piv txwv li, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Yongxia Zhou li al., lub feature ntawm lub ntiaj teb no me me network nyob rau hauv lub hlwb cortex muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm Alzheimer tus neeg mob thiab MCI cov neeg mob. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, lub ntiaj teb me me network, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv xaiv hauv cov teeb meem dawb, qhia lub peev xwm los sib txawv AD los ntawm MCI, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv los piav qhia txog kev poob qis ntawm kev nco thiab kev txawj ntse, ua raws li

cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los uas poob ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv ntiaj teb me me tau hloov pauv hauv cov neeg mob AD [30, 31, 32].

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntsuas PageRank tuaj yeem hais txog thaj tsam ntawm lub hlwb nrog ntau dua ntawm cov txuas sab nraud [33]. Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, PageRank nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab parietal cheeb tsam yog ib qho ntawm cov kev qhia saum toj kawg nkaus rau kev kuaj mob AD thiab nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub hlwb.

Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav yog qhov ntev thiab tus lej ntawm sab laug parietal lobe tracts hauv kev sib cais ntawm AD los ntawm MCI. Desikan et al. txoj kev tshawb fawb tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev raug mob parietal lobe raws li kev kwv yees ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm MCI mus rau AD [34]. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tractography ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tuaj yeem lees paub qhov xaus ntawm qhov kev kawm dhau los hauv cheeb tsam SWM. Vim tias MCIs muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim AD dua li kev tswj hwm, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm parietal lobe yuav yog qhov qhia tau zoo.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv rau tractography fifindings hauv AD piv rau MCI kev sib piv, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev thiab parietal lobes thiab limbic thiab occipital lobes tau pom hauv ADs. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev sib txuas ntawm cov fibers luv luv hauv temporoparietal tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib cais ntawm ob kab mob. Lub temporoparietal plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm tib neeg neural [35] uas yuav raug puas tsuaj hauv Alzheimer's disease. Desikan et al. tshuaj xyuas qhov atrophy ntawm thaj av no hauv AD [34]. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov kev tshawb fawb no nrog cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm DTI txoj kev tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv kev sib cais MCI los ntawm AD. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) qhia tau hais tias lub insula yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb tes hauj lwm thiab thaj chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam tshaj plaws ntawm AD [36]; txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tuaj yeem lees paub cov txiaj ntsig no hauv cov teeb meem dawb dawb vim tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm insula xws li kev sib txuas, iso, Tzz, thiab Txy yog cov xaiv thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg mob Alzheimer.

Feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias DTI qhov tseem ceeb hloov ntawm AD thiab MCI pawg. Kev faib tawm qhov tseeb hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm AD thiab MCI yog 83.3 feem pua ​​​​ntawm Gaussian kernel, uas yog cov ntsiav zoo tshaj plaws rau kev faib tawm no.

Raws li kev tawm tswv yim rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej, nws yuav nthuav kom suav nrog lwm cov qauv thiab biomarkers hauv kev tshawb fawb multimodal xws li fMRI thiab electroencephalogram (EEG), Positron emission tomography (PET), thiab CSF cov ntaub ntawv protein nrog DTI cov ntaub ntawv thiab tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm peb lub hom phiaj yav tom ntej.

5. Cov lus xaus

Hauv kev xaus, peb tau ua ib txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov neeg mob AD thiab MCI thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, peb tau pom tias AD lossis MCI tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm HC siv SWM thaj tsam ntawm DTI. Yog li, cov yam ntxwv tau txais los ntawm ROI, tractography, thiab kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas hauv network tuaj yeem pab tau rau kev kuaj mob ntawm AD thiab MCI. Thaum kawg, txoj kev tshawb no muab keeb kwm yav dhau los los ntsuas lwm txoj hauv kev faib cov khoom siv hauv cov cheeb tsam no.

5.1. Kev txwv

Tus qauv loj hauv kev kawm tshuab yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau tus qauv kev ua haujlwm. Qhov kev txwv txoj kev kawm yog qhov me me ntawm cov kev kawm uas suav nrog.

Cov ntaub ntawv
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