Kev yoo mov thiab noj ntau dhau cuam tshuam rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv-lossis Kab Mob Kab Mob ntsig txog cov noob nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm nqaij qaib los ntawm Endogenous Retrovirus

TSAB NTAWV

Nws paub tias kev noj haus thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txuas, tab sis cov txheej txheem tsis meej heev. Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) suav txog 8 txog 10% ntawm tib neeg thiab nas genomes thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qee cov txheej txheem lom neeg ntawm cov tsiaj. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias kev ua kom ERV tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob caj noob ces, thiab cov haujlwm ntawm ERV raug tswj hwm ntau yam nrog rau cov khoom noj khoom haus. Yog li, peb xav tias kev noj zaub mov muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob ntawm ERV. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev xav no, kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm cov tsiaj tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau, thiab kev qhia ntawm ERV tsis zoo (ERVK18P, ERVK25P) thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob (DDX41, IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, STAT3) hauv daim siab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm PCR ntau, ua raws li overexpressing ERVK25P nyob rau hauv goose thawj hepatocytes thiab txiav txim siab qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob - los yog o ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias piv nrog pawg tswj hwm (tsis muaj yoo mov), kev qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob tau nce hauv daim siab ntawm cov qaib yoo mov tab sis txo qis hauv daim siab ntawm cov yoov geese. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm (ib txwm noj), kev qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob tau nce hauv daim siab ntawm cov geese overfed. Tsis tas li ntawd, overexpression ntawm ERVK25P hauv goose thawj hepatocytes tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis mob ntsig txog cov noob. Hauv kev xaus, cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tias ERV kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev yoo mov thiab kev noj ntau dhau ntawm kev hais tawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob, kev sib haum xeeb sib txawv nrog cov tsiaj qaib, thiab ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem koom nrog. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm goose fatty siab. Txoj kev tshawb no muab lub peev xwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm kev noj haus thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cistanche deserticola ma-Tsev lub siab

Ntsiab lus: khoom noj khoom haus, kev tiv thaiv, nqaij qaib, fatty siab, endogenous retrovirus

Taw qhia

Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) yog suav tias yog cov seem ntawm exogenous retroviruses (proviruses). Feem ntau ntawm cov seem 'fossil' sequences muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas tau sau rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov mus sij hawm ntev txij li lawv kev koom ua ke rau hauv tus tswv tsev genomes (Cañadas li al., 2018). Lawv muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua yam tsiaj txhu (xws li tib neeg, nas, miv, thiab yaj) thiab lwm yam vertebrates (xws li qaib) (Melanie thiab Nair, 2014; Xu et al., 2014). Hauv cov nqaij qaib, ERV tso nyiaj ntau dua 3% ntawm cov qaib genome (Huda li al., 2008). Txawm hais tias ERVs muaj ntau nyob rau hauv tsiaj genomes, ntau ERVs tsis zoo lawm. Intact ERV hais txog cov uas nws cov qauv tsis yooj yim txawv ntawm exogenous retroviruses. Cov ERVs no feem ntau muaj 2 qhov ntev ntev rov ua dua (LTR) uas muaj cov ntsiab lus rau kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv, cov txheej txheem coding ntawm cov kab mob kis kab mob (pab pawg tshwj xeeb antigen [Gag], thim rov qab transcriptase [Pol], thiab hnab ntawv protein [Env]), polypurine taug qab ib ntus , thiab luv luv flanking genomic sequences ntawm lawv cov tswv cell (Jern thiab Coffin, 2008; Dolei li al., 2015; K€ury li al., 2018). Txog tam sim no, muaj txog 500 tus kab mob ERV uas muaj nyob hauv qaib genome (Bolisetty li al., 2012). Ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo ERV, muaj lwm hom ERV, suav nrog 'slender' ERV uas tsis muaj ib lossis ntau qhov coding genes tsim nyog rau tus kheej replication (feem ntau yog Env gene) thiab 'solo LTR' ERV. Tus naj npawb ntawm 'solo LTR' ERVs yog kwv yees li 60 npaug ntawm cov ERVs tsis zoo (Bolisetty li al., 2012). Phylogenetic tsom xam qhia tias avian proretroviruses (xws li, ERV) tuaj yeem muab faib ua chav kawm I (gamma-zoo li), chav kawm II (alpha- thiab beta-zoo li), thiab chav kawm III (nyob deb spumalike) proretroviruses. Alpha-zoo li proretroviruses yog outnumbered los ntawm beta-zoo li, gamma-zoo li, thiab alphabeta proretroviruses (Bolisetty li al., 2012). Piv nrog rau cov tsiaj nyeg proretroviruses, avian proretroviruses muaj ntau dua heterogeneous. Cov beta-zoo li pro retroviruses tau dhau los hloov pauv hloov pauv los ntawm beta-zoo li cov tsiaj ntawv zoo li thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau alpha-zoo li pro retroviruses, nrog rau kev poob qis ntawm beta retroviral markers. Cov tsiaj ntawv proretroviruses yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov alpha-zoo li thiab beta-zoo li cov, suav nrog qee qhov ua ntej pom avian proretroviruses. Cov chav kawm III pro retroviruses zoo li qub tshaj plaws, ua raws li beta-zoo li thiab gamma-zoo li pro retroviruses, whereas cov tsiaj ntawv thiab alpha-zoo li pro retroviruses zoo li tus yau tshaj. Feem ntau cov proretroviruses tau muab tso rau hauv cov noob caj noob ces hauv kev nkag siab (Bolisetty li al., 2012).

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cistanche tubulosa-Tswj lub siab

Zoo li tsis yog-LTR transposons (piv txwv li, ntev lossis luv luv interspersed nuclear ntsiab), ERVs yog cov khoom txawb uas tuaj yeem hloov lawv tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm DNA sib lawv liag los ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov hauv tus tswv tsev genome. Qhov kev hloov pauv no yog kho los ntawm RNA nruab nrab. Txawm hais tias ERV li retrotransposons muaj lub peev xwm hloov tau zoo nyob rau theem pib ntawm evolution, feem ntau ntawm lawv tam sim no tau poob lub peev xwm no (Jern and Coffin, 2008). Ntxiv mus, cov kev tshawb fawb sib sib zog nqus qhia tau hais tias ntau ERVs feem ntau nyob twj ywm. Piv txwv li, tsuas yog kwv yees li 20% ntawm ERV tau sau rau hauv cov nqaij qaib embryo fibroblasts, thiab ib pawg ntawm cov no kuj tau sau rau hauv vivo (Bolisetty li al., 2012). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias qee qhov ERV uas ntsiag to tuaj yeem qhib thiab nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej (Crichton li al., 2014), thiab lawv cov lus qhia tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, xws li hom cell lossis hom ntaub so ntswg (tshwj xeeb yog placenta thiab kab mob hlwb) , kev sib txawv ntawm tes thiab cov txheej txheem kev laus, cytokines, yam uas cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb, thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus (Taruscio thiab Mantovani, 2004; Denner, 2016; Elaheh et al., 2018). Hauv kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no, kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm ERV tau maj mam nthuav tawm: 1) Kev hloov pauv ntawm ERV tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tswv cuab genomes, tab sis ERV raws li cov khoom siv noob caj noob ces tso cai rau tus tswv tsiaj kom muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm thiab nyob rau hauv hom, txhim kho kev hloov mus rau ib puag ncig, thiab tswj tsis tu ncua. evolution (Zhang et al., 2008); 2) Cov neeg txhawb nqa thiab txhim kho hauv thaj tsam LTR ntawm ERV tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv cov noob nyob ib sab thiab hloov cov txheej txheem epigenetic ntawm thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab (xws li DNA methylation thiab histone modification) (Thompson li al., 2016); 3) Los ntawm kev khi Env proteins rau host receptors, ERV tuaj yeem thaiv kev khi ntawm cov kab mob exogenous rau tib receptors, yog li muab cov cell muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov kab mob exogenous (Nadeau li al., 2015); 4) ERV transcripts tuaj yeem qhib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev thiab txhawb kev tsim cov cytokines xws li IFN ntawm ob-stranded RNA-dependent TLR3 / MDA5 signaling txoj kev, yog li inhibiting qog (Chiappinelli li al., 2015); thiab 5) ERV kuj koom nrog rau qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm qee yam kab mob, xws li kev laus, autoimmunity, thiab degenerative neurological kab mob (Mager and Stoye, 2015; Nadeau et al., 2015).

Endogenous retrovirus pawg K (ERVK) yog qhov tsis ntev los no endogenized ib ntawm cov pab pawg sib txawv ntawm ERV (ERVW, ERVH, ERVK, thiab lwm yam). Nws muaj cov txheej txheem coding rau cov protein ua haujlwm, yog li suav hais tias yog pawg ERV zoo tshaj plaws thiab lom neeg (Hohn li al., 2013). Qhov kev qhia tawm ntawm ERVK tau cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob inflammatory, kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, kab mob autoimmune, thiab lwm yam (Haraguchi li al., 1992; Tolosa li al., 2012). Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau tias kev ua kom ERVK los ntawm DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, tuaj yeem txhim kho cellular innate tiv thaiv (Nogues li al., 2018). Piv nrog rau tib neeg ERVK muaj ntau tus tswv cuab, avian ERVK tsuas muaj ob peb tus tswv cuab sau tseg hauv GenBank. Cov lus piav qhia ERVK cov tswv cuab sib koom los ntawm qaib thiab goose tsuas yog ERVK18P (LOC106029425) thiab ERVK25P (LOC106046236). Tam sim no, lub luag haujlwm lom lossis pathological ntawm avian ERVK tseem tsis paub. Khoom noj khoom haus thiab lub zog muaj zog yog yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau tsiaj loj hlob, kev loj hlob, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Raws li tau hais dhau los, cov khoom noj khoom haus tuaj yeem qhib qhov kev qhia ntawm ERV, thiab ERV tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Yog li ntawd, peb xav tias theem ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus lossis lub zog tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob ntawm ERV. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev xav no, kev noj zaub mov tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau hauv cov qaib lossis cov geese, thiab kev qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob hauv lub siab tau txiav txim siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, overexpression ntawm ERVK25P hauv goose thawj hepatocytes kuj tau ua los hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob (los yog mob) ntsig txog cov noob. Txoj kev tshawb no muab kev nkag siab tshiab rau hauv cov txheej txheem rau kev sib txuas ntawm kev noj haus thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

cistanche tubulosa- txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob

Nyem qhov no mus saib Cistanche Enhance Immunity khoom

【Nug ntxiv】 Email: cindy.xue@wecistanche.com / Whats App: 0086 18599088692 / Wechat: 18599088692

Cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem

Kev sim tsiaj

Tag nrho cov kev cai tsiaj yog los ntawm lub koom haum cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv tsiaj ua liaj ua teb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tsiaj thiab Siv Tsiaj ntawm Yangzhou University hauv Suav teb.

Jurong Siji goslings los ntawm tib lub pob tawb tau muab tso rau hauv av raws li lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev tswj hwm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Mali Experimental Farm (Jurong, Jiangsu, Suav). Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 70 d, 16 cov geese noj qab nyob zoo tau muab faib ua 2 pawg: pawg yoo mov (cov geese yoo mov rau 24 teev nrog dej dawb) thiab pawg tswj hwm (tsis yoo mov, ad libitum nkag mus rau zaub mov thiab dej). Tom qab 24 teev ntawm kev yoo mov, tag nrho cov neeg sim tau muab txi, thiab cov qauv siab tau sau, snap-krozen hauv cov kua nitrogen, thiab xa mus rau 270 C rau khaws cia. Ib yam li ntawd, kaum rau 20- lub lis piam noj qab haus huv Rhode Island Liab qaib tau txi rau kev sim yoo mov. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau kev yoo mov, kaum rau 70-hnub noj qab haus huv Landes geese (muab los ntawm Licheng Tsiaj thiab Poultry Co., Ltd., Huaian, Jiangsu, Suav teb) tau random thiab sib npaug faib rau overfeeding (24 d ntawm overfeeding) thiab pawg tswj hwm (feem ntau zaus). Cov txheej txheem rau kev pub mis ntau dhau tau piav qhia yav dhau los los ntawm Geng li al., 2016a. Nyob rau hnub 24 ntawm kev pub noj ntau dhau, cov kab mob siab tau sau los ntawm ob pawg tswj hwm thiab pub noj ntau dhau thiab khaws cia ntawm 270 C.

Kev rho tawm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Goose Primary Hepatocytes thiab Overexpression ntawm ERV

Goose thawj hepatocytes raug cais tawm thiab coj los ntawm goose embryos nyob rau hnub 22 los yog 23rd ntawm hatching raws li tau piav yav dhau los los ntawm Osman li al., 2016. Tus customized overexpression vector ntawm goose LOC106046236 noob (los yog ERVK tus tswv cuab, 25 PERVK protein-zoo li ) thiab khoob vector tau yuav los ntawm Suzhou Jima Gene Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, Suav). Lub overexpression vector tau tsim los siv pcDNA3.1 vector uas muaj CMV txhawb nqa thiab cov khoom sib txuas DNA uas yog cov txheej txheem coding ntawm ERVK25 polymerase gene. Lub overexpression vector thiab khoob vector raug cais mus rau hauv goose thawj hepatocytes uas tau muab cais thiab coj mus rau 24 teev nrog Lipofectamine 2000 (cat # 11, 668-019, Invitrogen, Co., Ltd., Camarillo). Tom qab 32 teev ntawm kev hloov pauv, cov hlwb raug sau rau kev tshuaj ntsuam gene qhia los ntawm ntau cov fluorescence PCR. Kev hloov pauv tau ua raws li tau piav qhia dhau los los ntawm Geng li al., 2013.

RNA Purification thiab cDNA Synthesis

Tag nrho RNA raug cais tawm ntawm daim siab kuaj siv cov khoom siv TRIzol (cat # DP424; Tiangen Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, Suav). Cov qauv purified RNA tau thim rov qab rau hauv cDNA siv HiS criptTM Q RSuperMix rov qab cov khoom siv (cat# R123-01; Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Suav). Rov qab transcription tau ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cistanche tubulosa-Tsev lub siab

Quantitative PCR Analysis

Raws li kev siv cov kab ke ntawm txhua cov noob hauv GenBank, ntau PCR primers rau cov noob ntawm kev txaus siab thiab kev siv cov noob, GAPDH tau tsim los siv online Primer 3.0 software (Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge), thiab cov Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tau lees paub los ntawm Primer-BLAST program (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda) ntawm NCBI lub vev xaib. Primer sequences yog teev nyob rau hauv Table 1. Raws li cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus cov lus qhia, ntau PCR tau ua siv lub Vazyme AceQ qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix cov khoom (cat# Q111-02/03; Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Tuam Tshoj) thiab cov qauv cDNA. Cov kev txheeb ze ntawm cov noob paj tau suav nrog 22OOCT txoj kev raws li tau piav qhia dhau los los ntawm Geng li al., 2016b.

Immunoblotting Analysis

Cov ntaub so ntswg hauv siab tau lysed hauv qhov tsis muaj 50 mmol Tris, pH 7.5, 120 mmol NaCl, 1 mmol EDTA, 15 mmol Na4P2O7, 20 mmol NaF, 1% Nonidet , 0.1% phenylmethyl sulfluoride, thiab protease inhibitors (0.08 mmol aprotinin, 0.02 mmol leupeptin, 0.04 mmol bestatin, thiab 15 mmol pepstatin). Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein nyob hauv txhua lysate tau txiav txim siab siv Bio-Rad RC DC cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas protein (cat no. 500-0119; Bio-Rad, Hercules) raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Proteins (10 mg) los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lysates tau sib cais los ntawm SDS PAGE thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau nitrocellulose daim nyias nyias, uas tau tsim ib hmos hauv 5% mis nyuj hauv PBS uas muaj 0.1% Tween 20. Cov membranes tau tom qab incubated nrog thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum hmo ntuj ntawm 4 C. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no tau siv ntawm 1: 1000 dilution hauv txoj kev tshawb no: anti-STAT3 (cat no. bs- 1141R; Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Tuam Tshoj), anti-IFIH1 (cat no. bs-18740R; Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), anti-actin (cat no. bsm-33036M; Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Tuam Tshoj), thiab anti-GAPDH (cat no. NB300-221; Novus Biologicals Co., Ltd., CO). Secondary antibodies conjugated nrog nees radish peroxidase tau siv ntawm 1: 10,000 dilution. Proteins tau kuaj pom los ntawm kev txhim kho chemiluminescence thiab Western blotting nrhiav kom tau qhov system (Amersham Biosciences, Beijing, Suav).

Kev txheeb cais

Cov tub ntxhais kawm t-test tau siv los txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob qhia ntawm kev kho thiab tswj pawg, thiab P,0.05 tau teeb tsa raws li qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv raug nthuav tawm raws li txhais tau tias 6 SEM.

TSEEM CEEB

Kev yoo mov tau txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm ntawm ERV thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub siab Goose.

Tus nqi PCR primers rau goose ERV noob (ERVK18P los yog LOC1{{10}}}6029425, ERVK25P lossis LOC106046236) tau tsim los raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv GenBank. Kev txheeb xyuas PCR ntau pom tau hais tias theem qhia ntawm ERVK18P hauv lub siab goose yog zoo ib yam li ERVK25P (Daim duab 1A). Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm (tsis muaj kev yoo mov), kev qhia ntawm ERVK18P thiab ERVK25P tau cuam tshuam loj heev hauv lub siab ntawm cov geese yoo mov rau 24 h (P, 0.05 lossis 0.01) (Daim duab 1B). Raws li, mRNA qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob (DDX41, IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, STAT3) kuj raug txwv, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm mRNA qhia ntawm DDX41 thiab IFNG ntawm yoo mov thiab tswj cov geese mus txog qib tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb cais. (P, 0.05) (Daim duab 1B). Immunoblotting tsom xam pom tias cov protein theem ntawm IFIH1 nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm fasted geese tshwm sim yuav tsum qis dua cov tswj geese (Ntxiv daim duab 1).

Table 1. Daim ntawv teev cov primer sequences rau quantitative PCR.

Kev yoo mov Induced qhov nthuav qhia ntawm ERV thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov nqaij qaib

Kev txheeb xyuas PCR ntau pom tau tias piv nrog pawg tswj hwm (tsis muaj kev yoo mov), yoo mov-vim mRNA qhia ntawm ERVK18P thiab ERVK25P hauv cov nqaij qaib siab, thiab qhov induction mus txog qib tseem ceeb (P, 0.{{5} }5 los yog 0 01) (Daim duab 2). Ib yam li ntawd, kev yoo mov kuj ua rau mRNA qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob no- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm mRNA qhia ntawm IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, thiab STAT3 ntawm cov pab pawg mus txog qib tseem ceeb (P, 0.05 lossis 0.01) (Daim duab 2 ). Immunoblotting tsom xam pom tias cov protein theem ntawm IFIH1 nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm fasted geese tshwm sim siab tshaj li cov tswj geese (Ntxiv daim duab 1).

Overfeeding Induced nthuav qhia ntawm ERV thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub siab Goose

Quantitative PCR tsom xam pom tias piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm (feem ntau niaj hnub), mRNA qhia ntawm ERVK18P thiab ERVK25 P hauv daim siab ntawm geese overfed rau 24 d tau nce, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm mRNA qhia ntawm ERVK18P ntawm kev tswj thiab overfed geese ncav cuag. mus rau qib tseem ceeb (P, 0.05) (Daim duab 3). Yog li, mRNA qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob hauv lub siab ntawm cov geese overfed kuj tau nce, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm mRNA qhia ntawm IRF7 ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab overfed geese mus txog qib tseem ceeb (P, 0.05) ( Daim duab 3). Immunoblotting tsom xam pom tias qib protein ntawm IFIH1 nyob rau hauv daim siab ntawm overfed geese tshwm sim siab dua li cov tswj geese (Ntxiv daim duab 1).

Daim duab 1. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm ERV thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub siab goose tau inhibited los ntawm kev yoo mov. Kev qhia txheeb ze ntawm ERV thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tau txiav txim los ntawm ntau PCR. (A) Kev qhia ntawm ERVK18P thiab ERVK25P hauv daim siab ntawm cov laus laus goose. (B) Cov lus qhia ntawm ERVK18P, ERVK25P, DDX41, IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, thiab STAT3 nyob rau hauv daim siab ntawm fasted geese yog nthuav tawm raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tswj (tsis yoo mov), n 5 6. *,** denotes P, 0.05, 0.01 vs. control, feem. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia tias txhais tau tias 6 SEM. Cov ntawv luv: ERV, endogenous retrovirus.

Endogenous Retrovirus Overexpression Induced nthuav qhia ntawm Immune-Related Genes

Tom qab 32 h ntawm transfection ntawm goose thawj hepatocytes nrog lub khoob vectors los yog overexpression vectors uas muaj cov coding ib theem zuj zus ntawm Pol gene ntawm goose ERVK25P, mRNA qhia ntawm Pol noob nyob rau hauv lub hlwb transfected nrog overexpression vectors yog hais txog 97 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj qhov ntawd. hauv cov hlwb hloov nrog cov vectors khoob (P, 0.01) (Daim duab 4). Raws li kev cia siab, kev qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob tau raug ntxias los ntawm ERVK25P overexpression, thiab induction ntawm IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, thiab STAT3 tau mus txog qib tseem ceeb (P, 0.05 lossis 0.01) (Daim duab 4).

Kev sib tham

Khoom noj khoom haus thiab qib zog yog yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau tsiaj loj hlob, kev loj hlob, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev tshaib kev nqhis (los yog yoo mov) thiab pub mis yog 2 lub xeev uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj haus lossis lub zog, yog li feem ntau siv los ua tus qauv tshawb fawb los qhia txog kev tswj hwm kev noj haus lossis lub zog ntawm cov tsiaj txhu lub cev. Piv txwv li, kev yoo mov lossis kev pub mis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev qhia ntawm cov noob ntsig txog kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob (Volkoff li al., 2016; Smati li al., 2020). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis paub meej tias kev yoo mov lossis kev pub mis tuaj yeem ua rau ERV thiab cuam tshuam rau kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob ntawm ERV. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sij hawm luv luv overfeeding (3-4 wk) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj lub siab rog rog (feem ntau hu ua foie gras), uas zoo ib yam li cov kab mob uas tsis yog-coholic fatty siab (NAFLD) hauv tib neeg thiab nas (Nahum li al. , 2010; Wang et al., 2019), tab sis nws tsis paub meej tias ERV puas tau qhib los ntawm kev pub noj ntau dhau thiab koom nrog kev txhim kho goose fatty siab. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, kev qhia txog ERV thiab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob hauv lub siab ntawm cov geese lossis qaib tau txiav txim siab tom qab hloov cov khoom noj tsiaj lossis lub zog los ntawm kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau, kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev noj haus (los yog lub zog) raws li txoj cai thiab Kev nthuav qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob (lossis o) ntsig txog cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem qhia meej. Ntxiv mus, ERVK25P overexpression nyob rau hauv goose thawj hepatocytes kuj tau ua los xyuas seb qhov kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob - los yog o ntawm cov noob caj noob ces cuam tshuam los ntawm ERV. Qhov tseeb, cov txiaj ntsig tau muab pov thawj muaj zog txhawb qhov kev xav tias cov khoom noj lossis lub zog muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis mob ntsig txog cov noob ntawm ERV hauv cov nqaij qaib. Qhov zoo siab, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev yoo mov ntawm mRNA qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog kab mob hauv lub siab sib txawv nrog cov tsiaj txhu, uas yog, mRNA kev qhia ntawm cov noob hauv cov nqaij qaib siab yog qhov tsis sib xws rau hauv daim siab goose. . Tsis tas li ntawd, mRNA kev qhia ntawm cov noob hauv lub siab ntawm cov yoov geese yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov geese overfed. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob caj ces tuaj yeem kho cov kev cai ntawm ERV ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm goose fatty siab (los yog foie gras).

Daim duab 2. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog kab mob hauv cov nqaij qaib daim siab raug ntxias los ntawm kev yoo mov. Kev qhia txheeb ze ntawm ERV thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tau txiav txim los ntawm ntau PCR. Cov kev qhia theem ntawm ERVK18P, ERVK25P, DDX41, IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, thiab STAT3 nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov qaib yoo mov tau nthuav tawm raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tswj (tsis yoo mov), n {{10}} . *,** denotes P, 0.05, 0.01 vs. control, feem. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia tias txhais tau tias 6 SEM. Cov ntawv luv: ERV, endogenous retrovirus.

Daim duab 3. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog kab mob hauv lub siab goose raug ntxias los ntawm kev noj ntau dhau. Kev qhia txheeb ze ntawm ERV thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tau txiav txim los ntawm ntau PCR. Cov kev qhia theem ntawm ERVK18P, ERVK25P, DDX41, IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, thiab STAT3 nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov geese overfed tau nthuav tawm raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tswj (kev pub noj niaj hnub), n {{10}} . * txhais tau tias P, 0.05 vs. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia tias txhais tau tias 6 SEM. Cov ntawv luv: ERV, endogenous retrovirus.

Daim duab 4. Kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob caj ces raug ntxias los ntawm ERV overexpression hauv goose thawj hepatocytes. Kev qhia txheeb ze ntawm ERV thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tau txiav txim los ntawm ntau PCR. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm ERVK25P, DDX41, IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, thiab STAT3 hauv goose thawj hepatocytes transfected nrog ERVK25P overexpression vectors yog nthuav tawm raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tswj (cov hepatocytes kis nrog cov vectors khoob), n {{1{{11} }}}}. *,** denote P, 0.05, 0.01 vs. tswj, feem. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia tias txhais tau tias 6 SEM. Cov ntawv luv: ERV, endogenous retrovirus.

Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias ERV feem ntau nyob ntsiag to los ntawm DNA methylation hauv cov tswv tsev, tab sis ERV tuaj yeem qhib tau los ntawm MER48 (Walsh li al., 1998; Gibb li al., 2015). Qhov induction ntawm ERV kuj pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob, nrog rau qee cov kab mob metabolic xws li ntau yam sclerosis, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob tau koom nrog (Perron li al., 2000). Cov kev tshawb fawb Mechanistic qhia tias mob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob metabolic feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov los yog lub zog oversupply (Eo li al., 2017). Ntxiv mus, nws tau pom tias kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau tuaj yeem hloov pauv DNA methylation qib ntawm peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor noob (Jacobsen li al., 2014; Hjort li al., 2017). Raws li cov kev tshawb pom no, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias kev hloov pauv khoom noj khoom haus ua rau mRNA qhia ntawm ERV ntawm kev tswj hwm epigenetic. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev hloov zaub mov tuaj yeem ua rau mRNA qhia txog qee yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog caj ces (Smati li al., 2020). Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov kev tshawb pom no, txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau pom tias kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau cuam tshuam rau mRNA kev qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob thiab hais tias mRNA qhia ntawm ERV muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog mRNA qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis mob ntsig txog. noob.

cistanche cov txiaj ntsig rau txiv neej-ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob

Raws li ERV muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj genomes, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ERV nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm kev noj haus los yog lub zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob los yog mob yuav underestimated. Txoj kev tshawb no feem ntau hais txog ERVK18 thiab ERVK25 kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau ntawm mRNA qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob. ERVK cov noob tam sim no tsuas yog cov ERV uas tsis zoo nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si goose thiab nqaij qaib genomes. Dhau li ntawm cov ERV tsis zoo no, 'slender' ERV thiab 'solo LTR' ERV tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los ntawm kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau thiab yog li tseem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau ntawm mRNA kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob. Raws li 'slender ERV' thiab 'solo LTR' ERV feem ntau yog nyob ze ntawm qee tus tswv tsev noob caj noob ces (Thompson li al., 2016), kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov mRNA kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob los ntawm cis-txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov activated ERV. Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, kev saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv ntawm theem pib yuav yog ib feem vim yog ib feem me me ntawm ERV nquag. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias qee qhov ERVs tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qaib embryonic fibroblasts (txog 20% ​​ntawm ERV) thiab hauv vivo (Bolisetty li al., 2012). Txoj cai ntawm kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau ntawm mRNA kev qhia ntawm ERV feem ntau yog los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic (xws li DNA methylation) raws li tau hais dhau los. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias AZA, tus inhibitor ntawm DNA methyltransferase, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam mRNA ntawm ERV hauv lub cell (Jaenisch li al., 1985; Deborah thiab Bestor, 2004). Lub mRNA qhia ntawm ERV tau txawv txawv nyob rau hauv cov nqaij qaib daim siab vs. goose daim siab los ntawm kev yoo mov, qhia tias muaj ib tug txawv degree ntawm epigenetic hloov kho los tswj ERV qhia ntawm qaib thiab geese. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov pov thawj uas qhia tias mRNA kev qhia ntawm ERV yog hom cell-dependent (Nogues li al., 2018). Kev yoo mov lossis pub mis ntau npaum li cas cuam tshuam rau DNA methylation ntawm ERV, txawm li cas los xij, tseem yuav tau qhia meej. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces ntawm qaib thiab geese yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev qhia ntawm ERV ntawm 2 hom, xws li cov lus teb sib txawv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv mus rau sab hauv lossis sab nraud stimuli. Tseeb tiag, peb cov txiaj ntsig yav dhau los qhia tau hais tias mRNA kev qhia ntawm ntau cov noob hauv goose fatty siab vs. lub siab ib txwm yog qhov tsis sib xws rau hauv tib neeg nrog (lossis nas) NAFLD vs. lub siab ib txwm (Liu et al., 2016). Tsis tas li ntawd, ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam, xws li hnub nyoog, pub, lub teeb, thiab lwm yam kev ua liaj ua teb, kuj tseem yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov sib txawv ntawm ERV ntawm qaib thiab geese.

Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ERVK25P overexpression tau nce qhov kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob, uas muab cov pov thawj muaj zog txhawb kev xav tias kev yoo mov lossis kev noj ntau dhau tswj hwm mRNA kev qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis mob ntsig txog cov noob hauv lub siab ntawm ERV. Muaj 2 lub peev xwm txheej txheem los ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm qhov tsis zoo ERV nce qhov mRNA qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob: 1) ob-stranded RNA tsim nyob rau hauv ERV cov ntawv sau los yog los ntawm hybridizing nrog antisense RNAs tuaj yeem qhib NFkB signaling. txoj hauv kev ntawm ob-stranded RNA khi rau nws cov receptors (piv txwv li, TLR3) thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob (Chiappinelli li al., 2015); 2) ERV tsis zoo kuj tseem tuaj yeem nthuav qhia lawv cov proteins encoded lossis polypeptides, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev taw qhia hauv qab thiab qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob. Txawm hais tias txoj kev tshawb no tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov protein qhia ntawm ERVK18P thiab ERVK25P vim tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias qee qhov ERV, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ERVK, tuaj yeem ua rau lawv cov proteins thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis mob ntsig txog cov noob hauv neuronal. hlwb (Manghera et al., 2015). Cov proteins no tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​los ntawm cov tsiaj receptors xws li RIG-1, protein kinase K, thiab inflammatory lub cev molecule NLRP3 (Mitoma li al., 2013; Mu et al., 2016). Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev noj haus (los yog lub zog) thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob (lossis mob) tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus lossis lub zog cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kab mob rog rog xws li ntshav qab zib thiab NAFLD. Kev rog rog tau raug suav tias yog ib qho mob ntev li ntau yam kab mob ntsig txog cov noob (xws li, proinflammatory cytokine qog necrosis factor-alpha, MCP1, thiab IL6) raug ntxias rau cov neeg mob rog rog thiab noj qab haus huv cohorts (Ferreira li al., 2016). Cov cytokines no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj insulin tsis kam thiab ua rau cov rog rog cuam tshuam nrog cov metabolic tsis zoo (Li li al., 2019). Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov ntaub ntawv tau pom tias ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob caj noob ces raug ntxias hauv goose fatty siab vs. Lub siab yog lub cev tsis tshua muaj zog, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lub zog, tab sis kuj muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub siab muaj ntau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li Kupffer hlwb (cov neeg nyob hauv macrophages), ntuj tua cov hlwb, thiab ntuj tua T hlwb. Lub siab kuj tseem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab ntau ntawm lwm cov tshuaj soluble pathogen recognition receptors (Keith li al., 2007). Yog li ntawd, lub siab tam sim no suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev (los yog mob) (Xia li al., 2008; Trigger, 2010). ERV thiab lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob caj noob ces yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab lub cev thiab ua haujlwm sib txuas ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus metabolism thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob (lossis mob). Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, txawm hais tias kev noj zaub mov (lossis lub zog) hloov pauv tau ua rau mRNA qhia ntawm ERV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob hauv goose fatty siab vs. lub siab ib txwm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias ERV-induced tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis mob ntsig txog cov noob caj noob ces. tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim tswj kev noj zaub mov metabolism (Volkman thiab Stetson, 2014; Cañadas li al., 2018). Yog li, qhov kev tshawb fawb no muab qee cov pov thawj txhawb qhov kev xav tias ERV koom nrog kev txhim kho ntawm goose fatty siab los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob.

cistanche ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig-yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev

Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb kuj tau txiav txim siab qib protein ntawm IFIH1 hauv lub siab ntawm cov yoov geese vs. tswj geese, yoo mov qaib thiab tswj qaib, thiab cov geese overfed vs. tswj geese. Txawm hais tias cov qauv ntawm IFIH1 qib protein tau zoo ib yam li cov qib IFIH1 mRNA, qhov sib txawv ntawm qib protein ntawm kev kho mob thiab cov pab pawg tswj tsis tau pom tseeb li hauv qib mRNA. Cov lus piav qhia tau suav nrog tias qib protein ntawm IFIH1 tuaj yeem tswj hwm tom qab hloov pauv. Hauv kev xaus, kev noj zaub mov lossis lub zog muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev qhia ntawm qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob- lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob ntawm ERV, uas muab lub peev xwm ua rau muaj kev koom tes ntawm kev noj haus (lossis lub zog) thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob (lossis mob). Khoom noj khoom haus lossis lub zog muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev qhia ntawm ERV ntawm DNA methylation. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev cai epigenetic ntawm cov tsiaj qaib, thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog cov noob cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj zaub mov lossis lub zog tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nkaus xwb tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv o, tsiaj loj hlob thiab apoptosis, thiab tawm tswv yim tswj kev noj zaub mov lossis lub zog metabolism. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb no kuj tau nthuav tawm thawj zaug uas ERV thiab lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob - lossis kab mob ntsig txog caj ces tau koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho goose fatty siab.

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