Extraction ntawm Ntuj cov khoom: Ib tug tshiab tsav tsheb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub biopharmaceutical kev lag luam

Kev rho tawm ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw biopharmaceuticals.

Nyem rau cistanche tubulosa extract

Piv txwv li, Tu Youyou, tus thawj kws tshawb fawb ntawm Suav Academy ntawm Suav Medical Sciences, tus yeej ntawm "Medal ntawm lub koom pheej", thiab thawj Suav Nobel nqi zog yeej nyob rau hauv Physiology los yog tshuaj, cov tshuaj antimalarial tshiab artemisinin thiab dihydroartemisinin tsim los ntawm nws thiab nws pab neeg cawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub neej ntawm tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsim. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb, artemisinin, yog cov xim tsis muaj koob zoo li siv lead ua ntawm sesquiterpene lactones nrog peroxy pawg muab rho tawm los ntawm stems thiab nplooj ntawm compound inflorescence cog Artemisia annua.

Lwm qhov piv txwv yog Chuanxinlian ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj txias uas feem ntau ntsib hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Andrographis paniculata yog ib qho iab-tasting heliotrope-type diterpene lactone compound cais los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj Andrographis paniculata.

Keeb kwm, cov khoom ntuj tsim tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav thiab kab mob sib kis, kab mob plawv (xws li statins), thiab ntau yam sclerosis (xws li fingolimod), thiab tau ntev los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshuaj tua kab mob.

Natural khoom extraction

Lub npe hu ua natural product extraction mas yog hais txog kev siv chemical engineering hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov hau kev los extract, cais thiab purify cov tshuaj uas pleev cov kab mob.

Common Sources of Ingredients in Natural Medicines

Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab raws li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg thib ob metabolites cais los ntawm cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag, cov kab mob hauv hiav txwv, thiab cov kab mob, nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg endogenous physiologically active compounds.

Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ua rau nws lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub

Cov tshuaj ntuj feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej, cov txheej txheem nyuaj, cov synthesis nyuaj, thiab qee qhov teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau muaj ntau hom kev sib txawv thiab nyuaj, xaiv ntau yam thiab tshwj xeeb cov haujlwm tshuaj, thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev ua.

Hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, kev tshawb pom ntawm ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm zoo lossis lawv cov precursors yog muab los ntawm cov khoom ntuj.

Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj antimalarial hais saum toj no artemisinin, andrographolide, thiab cinchona cream (tseem hu ua "quinine"), tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob paclitaxel, camptothecin, maytansine, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob berberine, tiv thaiv lub siab tshuaj silymarin, Schisandra, antihypertensive tshuaj reserpine, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob trichosanthes, tshuaj tua kab mob penicillin thiab tetracycline tau los ntawm cov kab mob, thiab lwm yam.

Broad kev lag luam loj hlob qhov chaw

Ntuj tshuaj yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj tshiab. Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntuj tshuaj yog nyob rau theem booming thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob zoo. Hauv kev nkag siab dav, cov tshuaj ntuj feem ntau yog hais txog ib leeg lossis ntau yam khoom tau los ntawm cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov yeeb tshuaj thiab cov nroj tsuag suav nrog feem ntau. Tam sim no, tsis muaj ntau tshaj 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm 250,000 cov nroj tsuag siab dua hauv ntiaj teb tau tsim, siv, thiab kawm, tab sis ntau dua 4,000 hom tshuaj ntsuab tau tsim, nrog rau tag nrho cov nqi tso tawm ntawm kaum tawm billions nyiaj. Nws kwv yees tias los ntawm 2050, cov tshuaj ntsuab uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yuav muaj 6, 000 hom tshuaj ntuj, thiab muaj qhov dav dav rau kev tsim cov tshuaj ntuj.

Raws li kev txheeb cais, hauv 40 xyoo dhau los, tag nrho ntawm 1,881 cov tshuaj tshiab tau pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb, ntawm 23.5 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim thiab lawv cov derivatives, suav nrog 71 cov khoom ntuj, suav txog 3.8 feem pua; 14 botanical tshuaj, accounting rau 0.8 feem pua; Muaj 356 natural derivatives, accounting rau 18.9 feem pua.

Kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis tsim cov cib fim tshiab

Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj raws li cov khoom lag luam ntuj tseem ntsib cov teeb meem, xws li kev teeb meem hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam, kev sib cais, kev ua tus cwj pwm, thiab kev ua kom zoo, uas tseem ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam kev txaus siab rau cov khoom ntuj tsim txij li xyoo 1990s. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, suav nrog cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, genome mining thiab engineering cov tswv yim, thiab kev nce qib hauv kab lis kev cai microbial, cov cib fim tshiab tau tsim rau kev kawm txog cov khoom ntuj tsim hauv tshuaj.

Classical natural khoom-raws li kev tshawb fawb tshuaj pib nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm "crude" extracts los txheeb xyuas bioactive "kub" extracts, uas yog ntxiv fractionated rau cais active natural khoom tshuaj. Bioactivity-coj coj kev sib cais yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm hnyav nrog ntau qhov kev txwv, tab sis cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qib siab tuaj yeem daws qee qhov teeb meem no siv ntau lub tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim.

Piv txwv li, los tsim cov tsev qiv ntawv sib haum nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siab, cov roj ntsha tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua ntej fractionated rau hauv subfractions zoo dua rau kev siv cov kua siv ua kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev fractionation tuaj yeem hloov kho kom cov subfractions nyiam muaj cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov khoom zoo li tshuaj (feem ntau yog hydrophilic). Txoj hauv kev no nce tus naj npawb ntawm hits thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm kev cog lus hits piv rau kev siv cov khoom siv raw.

Yog li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam ntuj tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb pom ntawm scaffolds nrog cov txheej txheem siab thiab muaj ntau yam bioactivity, uas tuaj yeem tsim ncaj qha lossis ua qhov pib rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab. Txawm hais tias kev txhim kho tshuaj, feem ntau, tseem muaj kev sib tw los ntawm kev sib tw siab, cov khoom siv tshuaj ntuj ntsib teeb meem ntxiv vim muaj teeb meem xws li kev muaj, khoom noj khoom haus kom ruaj khov, thiab kev txwv kev txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev tshawb pom cov khoom siv tshuaj raws li ntuj tsim los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua neej ntev.