Kev sim cuam tshuam ntawm kev qoj ib ce hauv Attenuating Memory Interference: Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib deev lom neeg

Yog xav paub ntxiv:Ali.ma@wecistanche.com

Lauren Johnson 1, Lindsay Crawford 1, Liye Zou 2 and Paul D. Loprinzi1,*

1 Kev tawm dag zog &NcoLaboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science thiab Recreation Management,

University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA

2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, College of Psychology thiab Sociology,

Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Suav teb

* Correspondence: pdloprin@olemiss.edu; Tel: plus 1-662-915-5561; Fax: plus 1-662-915-5525

Tau txais: 2 May 2019; Txais: 28 Lub Rau Hli 2019; Published: 2 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2019

Abstract: Keeb Kwm thiab Lub Hom Phiaj: Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev sim no yog los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawm dag zog hnyav rauncocuam ​​tshuam thiab txiav txim siab seb qhov kev sib raug zoo no puas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib deev. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem: Ib qho kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav (N=40), suav nrog cov txiv neej hluas (n=20) thiab poj niam (n =20) ua tiav ob qhov kev sib ntsib sib npaug (kev tawm dag zog thiab tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog ). Kev mus ntsib kev tawm dag zog koom nrog kev mob hnyav (15 feeb), kev sib tw nruab nrab ntawm kev tawm dag zog treadmill, thaum kev tswj xyuas tau koom nrog lub sijhawm zaum ua haujlwm.Ncokev cuam tshuam, suav nrog kev cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam thiab kev cuam tshuam rov qab, koom nrog kev ua tiav ntawm ntau qhov kev simncotxoj hauj lwm. Cov txiaj ntsig: Hauv ib qho factorial ANOVA nrog qhov tshwm sim yog List B, muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau qhov xwm txheej (F(1,38)=5.75, P=0.02,n²p=0 .13), tab sis tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev sib deev (F(1,38)= 1.39, P=0.24, n²p=0.04) lossis kev sib deev los ntawm kev sib deev (F(1,38)=1.44, P=0.23, n²p=0.04).

Xaus∶ Hauv kev xaus, kev tawm dag zog hnyav nruab nrab siv tau zoo hauv kev ua kom lub cev muaj zognco cuam tshuam-teeb meem. Cov nyhuv no tsis tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev sib deev lom neeg.

Lo lus tseem ceeb: kev paub; encoding; kev kawm; nco; kev ua si ntawm lub cev

Nyem rau cistanche extract cov txiaj ntsig thiab Cistanche rau kev nco

1. Taw qhia

Hauv thaj tsam ntawm neurophysiology, kev tshawb fawb tawm tshiab qhia tau hais tias mob hnyav (ib qho kev tawm dag zog ib leeg) tuaj yeem txhim kho lub sijhawm luv thiab ntev.ncomuaj nuj nqi (retrospective recall ntawm ib qho kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug spatiotemporal ntsiab lus) [1-3]; peb tau sib tham txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tshuab ntawm cov nyhuv no kom meej rau lwm qhov [4-7]. Ib txoj kab tshiab ntawm kev nug, txawm li cas los xij, yog seb qhov kev tawm dag zog hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev nco.NcoKev cuam tshuam feem ntau tau muab faib ua kev cuam tshuam txog kev nco qab thiab kev nco qab. Kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam cuam tshuam nrog kev txhawb nqa yav dhau los cuam tshuam nrog kev tau txais thiab khaws cia ntawm cov stimuli tom ntej. Piv txwv li, kev kawm cov lus los ntawm Daim Ntawv A yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev rov qab los ntawm kev kawm ib daim ntawv thib ob (piv txwv li, List B). Retroactive cuam tshuam, txawm li cas los xij, cuam tshuam nrog kev txhawb nqa txuas ntxiv cuam tshuam nrog kev rov qab los ntawm cov kev xav tau dhau los. Piv txwv li, tom qab kawm cov lus los ntawm Daim Ntawv A thiab tom qab ntawd Sau Npe B, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Daim Ntawv Teev Npe B tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev rov qab los ntawm Daim Ntawv A.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawm dag zog hnyav ntawm episodicncokev ua haujlwm, peb lub chaw kuaj mob txaus siab los tshuaj xyuas seb qhov kev tawm dag zog hnyav puas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txawj ntse (vs. txheej txheem [8])nco cuam tshuam cuam tshuam. Thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv no, tsuas yog plaub qhov kev sim luam tawm tau soj ntsuam qhov muaj peev xwm no, uas tau los ntawm peb lub chaw sim [9-11]. Hauv thawj qhov kev sim ntawm lub ncauj lus no, peb ua haujlwm rau 6 pawg, nruab nrab ntawm kev kawm. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb pawg tau tsom mus rau

proactive cuam tshuam thiab peb pawg ntawm retroactive cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm peb pawg neeg cuam tshuam, ib pab pawg tau siv zog thiab koom nrog ancotxoj haujlwm tsim los txhawb kev cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam, lwm pab pawg tau dhau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam tab sis tsis ua haujlwm, thiab thaum kawg, lwm pab pawg tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua tiav txoj haujlwm nco yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws peb pawg tau siv rau peb pawg neeg cuam tshuam rov qab. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav rau pawg neeg no, peb tau muab qee cov pov thawj qhia, txawm tias tsis muaj zog, qhov kev tawm dag zog nruab nrab-nruab nrab yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rov qab los [11]. Hauv peb qhov kev sim thib ob, peb tau ua haujlwm ntau pab pawg neeg hais lus uas koom nrog kev kawm ob kab lus cais (Lists A thiab B). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tau siv cov pab pawg uas tau koom nrog kev siv zog nruab nrab lossis kev siv zog siab ntawm kev tawm dag zog sai ua ntej txoj haujlwm kawm. Hauv qhov kev sim ntawm qhov kev sim no, peb tau muab cov pov thawj qhia, dua li txawm tias tsis muaj zog, qhov kev tawm dag zog hnyav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv zog ua haujlwm, txo qis kev ua haujlwm.ncokev cuam tshuam [9]. Thaum kawg, kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim qauv, thaum tseem siv ntau pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm, peb tau muab qee cov pov thawj qhia tias kev tawm dag zog nruab nrab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam [10]. Tsis ntev los no, peb tau siv AB / AC paradigm los ntsuasncocuam ​​tshuam, thiab txawm hais tias mob siab siv zog ua kom zoo dua qubncokev ua haujlwm, mob hnyav tsis ua rau lub cim xeeb cuam tshuam [12].

Qhov kev sim tam sim no txuas ntxiv rau plaub qhov kev sim dhau los no los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb seb puas muaj kev sib deev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog rau kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog.nco cuam tshuam cuam tshuam. Raws li peb tau piav qhia meej nyob rau lwm qhov [13], cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no yog plausible, vim tias muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev sib deev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nco ua haujlwm. Ntawd yog, cov poj niam zoo li ua tau zoo dua cov txiv neej ntawm ze li ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm nco, tshwj tsis yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cim xeeb [13]. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiv neej tuaj yeem muaj kev tawm dag zog ntau dua-vim cov lus teb neurotropic uas tuaj yeem kho qhov kev txhim kho hauv kev nco [13]. Txhawm rau txuas ntxiv cov kab lus nug tam sim no (piv txwv li, kev tawm dag zog thiab kev cuam tshuam kev nco), thiab hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib deev tshwj xeeb, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los soj ntsuam seb qhov muaj peev xwm txo qis ntawm kev tawm dag zog rau kev nco cuam tshuam los ntawm kev lom neeg. poj niam deev. Peb tsis muaj qhov kev xav tshwj xeeb [14] ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau poj niam txiv neej, vim tias kev sib deev lom neeg zoo li muaj qhov sib txawv ntawmncokev ua haujlwm thiab kev tawm dag zog ua rau cov lus teb rau molecular mediators ntawm kev nco ua haujlwm.

2. Cov txheej txheem

2.1.Study Design

Ib qho randomized tswj kev cuam tshuam tau ua haujlwm. Ob leeg txiv neej thiab poj niam ua tiav ob qhov kev kuaj ntsuas qhov sib npaug, nrog rau ib qho kev mus ntsib nrog rau 15 feeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog ua ntejncotxoj hauj lwm. Kev tswj xyuas tau koom nrog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zaum zaum. Txhua qhov kev mus ntsib tau tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm ntawm hnub (± 2h) thiab tshwm sim tsawg kawg 24 teev tom qab thawj zaug mus ntsib. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom zoo los ntawm University of Mississippi Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees (#18-123; pom zoo rau 5 Lub Rau Hli 2018). Txhua tus neeg tuaj koom tau sau ntawv tso cai ua ntej kev koom nrog kev kawm.

2.2.Cov neeg koom

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 40 cov neeg koom tau raug xaiv (20 txiv neej thiab 20 poj niam). Qhov no yog ua raws li kev ntsuas hluav taws xob qhia tias tus qauv loj ntawm 20 yuav xav tau rau lub zog txaus (d, 0.90; ob-tailed yuam kev tshwm sim, 0.05; 1- yuam kev tshwm sim, 0.80; faib piv, 1). Peb cov qauv ntsuas ntawm 40 (n{14}} ib pab pawg) yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog (thiab ob npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm qee qhov kev tshawb fawb [10,15]) lwm yam kev sim [3,{18}}]. Kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev yooj yim-raws li, tsis yog qhov tshwm sim ua piv txwv (kev tshaj tawm hauv chav kawm thiab lo lus ntawm qhov ncauj). Cov neeg koom nrog suav nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm tiav thiab kawm tiav hnub nyoog ntawm 18 thiab 35 xyoo. Daim ntawv no yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam thib ob ntawm ib daim ntawv dhau los uas tau tsom mus rau kev sim kev kawm ntawm tus kheej (tab sis tsis yog qhov ua tau zoo lossis rov qab ua dua.ncokev cuam tshuam) [18].

Tsis tas li ntawd, thiab zoo ib yam rau lwm yam kev tshawb fawb [19], cov neeg koom tau raug cais tawm yog tias lawv:

Qhia txog tus kheej li tus neeg haus luam yeeb txhua hnub [20,21]. Qhia txog cev xeeb tub [22]. Kev ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 5 teev ntawm kev sim [23].

Haus caffeine hauv 3 teev tom qab kuaj [24].

Tau raug mob lossis mob taub hau hauv 30 hnub dhau los [25]. Noj tshuaj maj lossis lwm yam tshuaj txhaum cai hauv 30 hnub dhau los [26].

Were considered a daily alcohol user(>30drinks/month forwomen;and>60 haus / hli rau txiv neej)[27].

2.3.E.exercise Protocol

Kev tawm dag zog kev sib tw koom nrog kev tawm dag zog ntawm lub treadmill rau 15 feeb. Cov neeg koom nrog siv li ntawm 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lawv qhov kwv yees lub plawv dhia siab tshaj plaws (220- hnub nyoog), uas sib haum nrog kev tawm dag zog nruab nrab[28]. Peb tau pom yav dhau los tias qhov kev siv zog no txaus rau kev txhim khoncofunction [1-3,15]. Lub hom phiaj lub plawv dhia no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev / incline thaum lub sij hawm kev tawm dag zog kom nyob tsis pub dhau 5 tus neeg ntaus ib feeb ntawm lub hom phiaj lub plawv dhia,

Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev sib tw ntawm kev tawm dag zog, cov neeg koom nrog so hauv qhov chaw zaum rau 5 feeb. Thaum lub sijhawm so no, lawv tau ua si hauv online ntawm Sudoku (pib hauv qab no) txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev dhuav. Tom qab lub sij hawm so no, lawv pib lubncokev ntsuam xyuas, raws li tau piav qhia hauv qab no. Peb muaj kev sim ua pov thawj tias kev ua si Sudoku tsis yog thawj lossis txhim khoncoua haujlwm [29].

2.4.Control Protocol

Rau kev tswj xyuas, thiab zoo ib yam li lwm yam kev tshawb fawb [30], cov neeg koom ua tiav qib nruab nrab, tswj hwm online, Sudoku puzzle rau 20 min.

2.5.Kev ntsuam xyuas nco

Zoo ib yam rau peb qhov kev sim ua haujlwm [3,15,17],ncotau soj ntsuam siv tus qauv Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)[31]. Cov neeg koom nrog tau mloog thiab rov nco qab tam sim ntawd ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm 15 lo lus (Sau A) tsib zaug ua ke (Kev sim 1-5). Txhua daim ntawv teev lus tau sau tseg ntawm tus nqi kwv yees li 1 lo lus ib ob. Cov neeg koom nrog tom qab ntawd raug nug kom mloog thiab rov qab tam sim ntawd cov npe ntawm 15 lo lus tshiab (Tsev Npe B). Tom qab qhov no, cov neeg koom tau rov qab tau ntau lo lus los ntawm Daim Ntawv A raws li qhov ua tau. Saib daim duab 1 rau qhov schematic ntawm cov txheej txheem no.

Zoo ib yam rau peb lwm yam kev sim ua haujlwm rauncocuam ​​tshuam [9,10], kev ua tau zoo (ntau cov lus raug rov qab) ntawm Daim Ntawv B yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txaus siab rau kev ua haujlwmncocuam ​​tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb kuj tau soj ntsuam Kev Sib Tham 1-Sau B(ie, cov lus rov qab los rau Trial1 rho tawm tus lej ntawm cov lus rov qab rau Daim Ntawv Teev Npe B) kev ua tau zoo raws li lwm qhov kev ntsuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm.ncokev cuam tshuam, Kev cuam tshuam rov qab tau raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm qhov ncua sij hawm tam sim Daim Ntawv A rov qab tom qab Daim Ntawv Teev Npe B (ie, Kev sim 6 ntawm Daim Ntawv A) thiab rov qab rov qab sim 5 rau Daim Ntawv A (ie, Sau Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Sib Tham 6-Sau Ib Qhov Kev Sib Tw 5). Yog li, cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas suav nrog cov lej ntawm cov lus rov qab rau Kev Sib Tham 1 (Sib Npe A), Kev Sib Tham 5 (Sib Npe A), Kev Sib Tw 6 (Sib Npe A), thiab Sau Npe B.

2.6.Kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv

Ntau yam pej xeem (xws li, lub cev qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas (BMI)) thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm (piv txwv li, kev ua si lub cev ib txwm muaj) kuj tau soj ntsuam. Raws li kev ntsuas ntawm tus cwj pwm kev ua si lub cev ib txwm muaj, cov neeg koom ua tiav Cov Lus Nug Txog Lub Cev Tseem Ceeb Tseem Ceeb los ntsuas lub sij hawm siv ib lub lim tiam hauv kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog (MVPA)[32]. Daim ntawv nug MVPA no nug cov neeg koom nrog ob nqe lus nug, uas yog cov hnub hauv ib lub lis piam lawv koom nrog MVPA thiab pes tsawg lub sijhawm hauv ib hnub lawv koom nrog MVPA. Tshwj xeeb, lawv raug nug, "Qhov nruab nrab, pes tsawg hnub hauv ib lub lis piam koj koom nrog kev tawm dag zog me ntsis" thiab "Qhov nruab nrab, pes tsawg feeb koj koom nrog kev tawm dag zog ntawm qib no"? Kev koom tes txhua lub limtiam hauv MVPA raug xam raws li cov khoom ntawm ob cov lus teb no (piv txwv li, hnub * feeb). Qhov siab / qhov hnyav (BMI; kg / m) tau ntsuas los muab cov yam ntxwv anthropometric ntawm tus qauv. Thaum kawg, ua ntej thiab thaum kawg ntawm kev tawm dag zog thiab kev tswj xyuas, lub plawv dhia (lub hauv siab-stripped Polar saib, F1 qauv) tau soj ntsuam.

Daim duab 1. Schematic ntawm lubncokev soj ntsuam raws tu qauv.

2.7. Kev txheeb cais

Tag nrho cov kev txheeb cais tau suav nrog hauv JASP (v. 0.9.1). A 2 (poj niam txiv neej thiab poj niam) × 2 (qhov xwm txheej; kev tawm dag zog thiab kev tswj hwm) rov qab ntsuas ANOVA raug suav los ntsuas seb puas muaj kev sib deev lom neeg ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawm dag zog hnyav ntawmncocuam ​​tshuam. Bonferroni-kho cov kev xeem tom qab hoc tau ua haujlwm thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam loj lossis cuam tshuam. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa ntawm alpha ntawm 0.05.

3. Cov txiaj ntsig

Cov yam ntxwv koom nrog. Table 1 qhia txog cov pej xeem thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm tus qauv. Cov neeg koom nrog, qhov nruab nrab, muaj hnub nyoog 20.8 (0.9) xyoo. Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb BMI (P=0.98) lossis haiv neeg haiv neeg (P=0.11) qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom poj niam txiv neej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiv neej (224 min / lub lis piam) tau nce siab (P=0.006) ntau dua li poj niam (107.4 min / lub lis piam ntawm kev tawm dag zog mus rau lub cev)

Physiological teb los ntawm kev tawm dag zog. Table 2 qhia cov lus teb rau kev tawm dag zog. Lub plawv dhia tau nce siab (P < 0.001)="" siab="" dua="" ntawm="" qhov="" kawg="" ntawm="" kev="" tawm="" dag="" zog="" thaum="" piv="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" paus="" ntsiab="" lus="" rau="" cov="" txiv="" neej="" thiab="" poj="" niam.="" ntawd="" yog,="" thoob="" plaws="" ob="" leeg="" poj="" niam="" txiv="" neej,="" lub="" plawv="" dhia="" tau="" nce="" los="" ntawm="" kwv="" yees="" li="" 45="" tus="" neeg="" ntaus="" ib="" feeb="" los="" ntawm="" so="" mus="" rau="" qhov="" kawg="" ntawm="" kev="" tawm="" dag="">

ProactiveNcoKev cuam tshuam. Table 3 qhia covncocov qhab nia thoob plaws qhov kev sim thiab los ntawm kev sib deev. Cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej rau Daim Ntawv Teev Npe B yog qhia hauv daim duab 2, thaum cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej rau Kev Sib Tham 1 - Cov txiaj ntsig B tau pom hauv daim duab 3.

Table 3.Ncocov qhab nia hla cov kev sim los ntawm kev sib deev.

Hauv 2 × 2 ANOVA nrog qhov tshwm sim yog List B, muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qhov xwm txheej (F(1,38)=5.75, P=0.02, n2p=0.13), tab sis tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev sib deev (F(1,38)=1.39, P=0.24, n2p=0.04) thiab tsis muaj kev sib deev los ntawm kev sib deev (F(1,38)=1.44, P=0.23, n2p=0.04). Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tom qab tau qhia txog Bonferroni-kho qhov sib txawv ntawm cov npe B ntawm kev tawm dag zog (6.2 ± 2.0) thiab tswj cov xwm txheej (5.5 ± 1.9) (t=2.39, P=0.02).

Ib yam li ntawd, hauv 2 × 2 ANOVA nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau raug sim 1 - Sau B, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev sib deev (F(1,38)=1.90, P { {7}}.17, n2p=0.05) thiab tsis muaj kev sib deev los ntawm kev sib deev (F(1,38)=2.26, P=0.14, n2p {{19 }}.06), tab sis muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau qhov xwm txheej (F(1,38)=5.60, P=0.02, n2p=0.12), thiab qhov no Cov nyhuv tseem ceeb tsis tau hloov pauv thaum tswj rau MVPA (F(1,38)=4.29, P=0.04, n2p=0.11). Cov kev xeem tom qab-hoc tau qhia txog Bonferroni-kho qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv Kev sim 1 - Sau B ntawm kev tawm dag zog (0.25 ± 1.78) thiab kev tswj xyuas (1.08 ± 1.7) (t=2.32, P {{52) }}.02).

Txawm hais tias peb tsis tau pom qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev sib deev (F(1,38)=1.90, P=0.17, n2p=0.05) lossis mob los ntawm kev sib deev (F (1,38)=2.26, P=0.14, n2p=0.06) rau Kev sim 1 – Sau B, hauv 2 (txiv neej, poj niam) × 2 (Kev sim 1 ce, Trial 1 tswj) ANOVA, muaj cov nyhuv tseem ceeb rau kev sib deev rau Kev Sib Tham 1 (F(1,38)=2.26, P=0.01, n2p=0. 15).

Retroactive Memory cuam tshuam. Table 3 kuj qhia txog cov qhab nia ntawm kev nco qab (Tshwj xeeb 6; Trial 5; thiab Trial 6 - Trial 5).

Hauv 2 × 2 ANOVA nrog rau qhov tshwm sim yog Trial 6 – Trial 5, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau tus mob (F(1,38)=0.16, P=0.69, n2p {{ 11}}.004), tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev sib deev (F(1,38)=1.43, P=0.23, n2p=0.04), thiab tsis muaj kev sib deev los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam (F(1,38)=0.31, P=0.58, n2p=0.008).

4. Kev sib tham

Qhov kev txhawb siab rau txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog ob qho: (1) kev tshawb fawb tsawg heev tau soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawm dag zog rauncocuam ​​tshuam thiab (2) tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam seb puas muaj kev sib deev tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev sib raug zoo no. Yog li ntawd, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawm dag zog hnyav ntawm kev ua kom ancocuam ​​tshuam cuam tshuam thiab seb kev sib deev lom neeg puas cuam tshuam qhov kev sib raug zoo no. Txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muab cov pov thawj kev sim uas mob hnyav, nruab nrab-siv, kev tawm dag zog luv luv, txo qis kev ua haujlwm.ncocuam ​​tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tsis tau soj ntsuam cov pov thawj tias kev sib deev lom neeg ua rau cov nyhuv no. Hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm yam haujlwm [13], peb tau ua, txawm li cas los xij, ua kom pom qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev sib deev rau Kev Sib Tham 1, qhia txog poj niam zoo tshaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm luv luv.

Hais txog peb lub koom haum soj ntsuam ntawm kev tawm dag zog hnyav hauv kev txo qis kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam-kev cuam tshuam, kev ua haujlwm tsis ntev los no qhia tau tias lub prefrontal cortex, uas tau qhib los ntawm kev tawm dag zog hnyav [33], ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo qis kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nkag mus thiab rov qab-raws li. mechanisms. Piv txwv li, lub prefrontal cortex pab txhawb cov qauv sib cais nyob rau hauv lub dentate gyrus, thiab nyob rau hauv lem, pab txo tus proactive cuam tshuam cuam tshuam [34]. Qhov tseem ceeb, BDNF zoo nkaus li tsim nyog rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov qauv sib cais nco hauv cov hniav gyrus [35]. Muab lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev sim kev kawm, nws zoo li tias BDNF tsis tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev nco ua ke hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rauncoKev sib sau ua ke, BDNF tuaj yeem cuam tshuamnconyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev, xws li ua kom yooj yim rau kev tso tawm neurotransmitter [36], uas, thaum kawg, tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev nrhiav tau ntawmncotaug qab.

Hauv qhov kev sim tam sim no, peb tau pom cov pov thawj uas mob hnyav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuamncocuam ​​tshuam cuam tshuam tab sis tsis attenuate ib tug retroactive cuam tshuam-effect. Feem ntau, kev cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam yog xav tias cuam tshuam nrog kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nrog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm xav kom txo qis kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam [37]. Lub prefrontal cortex plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab kev tawm dag zog hnyav tau pom los txhim kho cov txheej txheem tswj hwm [38,39]. Retroactive cuam tshuam, ntawm qhov tod tes, tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev nco qab thiab nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke [40]. Tej zaum peb lub sij hawm ncua luv luv (piv txwv li, qhov ntev nws coj mus ua kom tiav Daim Ntawv Teev Npe B) tsis ntev txaus los ua kom tag nrho cov cim xeeb (Tsev Npe A), thiab yog li, tiv thaiv kev tawm dag zog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev nco qab. Txawm hais tias kev kwv yees, tej zaum qhov kev tawm dag zog hnyav tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau kev cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam, tsis zoo li kev cuam tshuam rov qab, los ntawm nws qhov cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm (ntawm inhibiting List A) thiab kev saib xyuas cuam tshuam txogncoencoding (tshwj xeeb yog List B). Qhov no yog thaj chaw siav rau yav tom ntej kev tshawb fawb. Peb yav dhau los tau tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntawm lub sijhawm nco ua haujlwm [3,15,17,41,42] thiab tej zaum nws kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev cuam tshuam rov qab. Piv txwv li, yog tias kev cuam tshuam rov qab yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke, ces yog tias qhov kev tawm dag zog hnyav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm sib koom ua ke, qhov no yuav pab txo qis kev cuam tshuam rov qab. Hais txog, peb tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias thaum kev tawm dag zog tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm sib sau ua ke, qhov no yuav pab ua kom lub cim xeeb ruaj khov [43].

Txoj haujlwm no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob.Ncokev ua haujlwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub. Kev cuam tshuam nco tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev cuam tshuamncokev tuav pov hwm, thiab yog li ntawd, txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej uas txo qisncokev cuam tshuam yog qhov tsim nyog ua haujlwm. Qhov kev sim tam sim no muab cov pov thawj qhia tias qhov kev sib tw hnyav ntawm kev tawm dag zog nruab nrab tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev nco txog kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam. Kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej yuav tsum ntsuas seb qhov kev tawm dag zog ntev npaum li cas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.

5. Cov lus xaus

Hauv kev xaus, peb cov txiaj ntsig kev sim muab cov pov thawj qhia tias qhov kev sib tw hnyav ntawm kev tawm dag zog nruab nrab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam.nco cuam tshuam-teeb meem. Cov nyhuv no tsis tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib deev lom neeg, txawm tias cov poj niam ua qauv qhia luv luvncothaum piv rau txiv neej.

Tus Sau Kev Pabcuam: Cov kws sau ntawv LJ, LC, LZ, thiab PL tau koom tes los muab kev tawm tswv yim ntawm cov ntawv sau. Tus sau LJ sau cov ntaub ntawv. Tus kws sau ntawv PL tau tsim qhov kev tshawb fawb, tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, thiab npaj cov ntawv sau qub.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab: Cov neeg sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txaus siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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