Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Herbaceous Plant Npaj Cistanche Ntawm Qhov Teeb Meem Ntawm Cov Tsob Ntoo Herbaceous Npaj Cistanche Ntawm Iin Vitro N Vitro Ccytokine Qhia Los Ntawm Rat Osteoblasts

Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com

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Osteoblasts (OB) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov pob txha kho cov pob txha osteoblasts (OB) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho pob txha los ntawm kev tso tawm cytokines xws li gh tso tawm cytokines xws li osteoprotegerin (OOPG), receptor activator ntawm nuclear factor kappa- B ligand (RA PG), receptor activator ntawm nuclear factor kappa-B ligand NKL) thiab osteopontin (OPN). Lub hom phiaj ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb fawb yog los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Suav tshuaj ntsuab rho tawm ntawmCistanche(Cistanche deserticola) nyob rau hauv vitro qhia ntawm cov cytokines hauv nas OB kab lis kev cai. Thawj OBs tau raug cais tawm ntawm lub pob txha taub hau nas los ntawm trypsin thiab collagenase digestion. Lub cellular phenotype tau txiav txim los ntawm Swiss dyeing txoj kev, alkaline phosphatase staining, Von Kossa staining, thiab Alizarin liab staining. Cov noob qhia ntawm OPG, RANKL, thiab OPN tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm PCR ntau npaum li lub sijhawm. Tag nrho cov kev kho mob nrog herbaceous cog extracts ntawm Cistanche tau nce cov noob qhia ntawm OPG thiab RANKL ntawm 72 teev ntawm culturing, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv concentrations ntawm 5 ×10-2 mg / mL, uas yog sib txawv heev piv rau cov kev cai tswj. Kev kho mob txo qis qhov kev qhia ntawm OPG / RANKL piv ntawm 48 teev thiab qhia txog OPN mRNA ntawm 72 teev ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Kev nthuav tawm hauv vitro ntawm OB rau cov nroj tsuag npaj ntawm Cistanche txhawb nqa cov noob qhia ntawm OPG thiab RANKL thiab txo cov noob qhia ntawm OPG / RANKL thiab OPN, thiab yog li, tuaj yeem tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob txha tsim thiab resorption thaum lub sij hawm cov pob txha metabolism.

Ntsiab lus:Cistanche, osteoblasts, osteoprotegerin, RANKL, osteopontin, nas

anti-osteoblast:Cistanche tshuaj ntsuab

Taw qhia

Pob txha lub zog yog txiav txim los ntawm cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov pob txha hloov kho kom haum rau ntau yam kev thauj khoom los ntawm kev ua qauv thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob thiab hloov kho thoob plaws lub neej. Kev kho pob txha txo qis nrog kev laus vim yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov pob txha tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus multicellular chav tsev, kev sib deev hormone tsis txaus, thiab txo cov pob txha periosteal (SEEMAN, 2008). Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev kho pob txha tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov pob txha, xws li osteoporosis, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm pob txha.

Osteoporosis, ua rau pob txha, mob, thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv locomotion, cuam tshuam ntau lab tus tib neeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas (NAYAK li al., 2012; SILVERMAN, 2010). Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov pob txha yog los tswj cov pob txha kho lub peev xwm.

Kev kho pob txha yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob txha tsim thiab resorption (SEEMAN thiab DELMAS, 2006). Cov txheej txheem no yog tswj hwm los ntawm osteoblasts (OBs) thiab osteoclasts hauv cov neeg laus cov pob txha, thiab los ntawm kev qhia ntawm cytokines, kev loj hlob, thiab cov tshuaj hormones (PARFITT, 2000). OBs, uas yog muab los ntawm primordial mesenchymal hlwb, muaj nyob rau ntawm pob txha nto. OBs yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov pob txha, thiab cuam tshuam rau pob txha resorption (MACKIE, 2003). Cov cytokines qhia los ntawm OBs, xws li osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator ntawm nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), thiab osteopontin (OPN), tuaj yeem txhawb kev kho pob txha thiab ua kom cov pob txha tsim hauv osteoporosis (LINKHART li al., 1996) . OB txoj kev loj hlob yog cov txheej txheem ua ntu zus uas suav nrog osteoprogenitor proliferation, matrix maturation, thiab cell mineralization (GIUSTINA li al., 2008). Cov txheej txheem no yog tswj hwm los ntawm ntau cov noob caj noob ces OB thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov pob txha (HUNG li al., 2010). Kev loj hlob ntawm osteogenic mineralization txhawb cov pob txha tsim thaum lub sij hawm kho pob txha pob txha. Yog li, kev tshawb fawb rau hauv kev qhia ntawm osteogenic cytokines thiab lawv cov teebmeem ntawm cov pob txha mineralization yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tus neeg sawv cev tshiab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov pob txha.

Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj tau siv ntau txhiab xyoo los kho cov kab mob ntawm cov pob txha. Cov nroj tsuag herbaceous Cistanche, uas yog dav siv rau invigorating lub raum thiab nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov pob txha kab mob, belongs rau ib tug genus ntawm Orobanchaceae tsev neeg. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias cov khoom xyaw ntawm Cistanche hom yog: phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, alditols, thiab oligosaccharides (JIANG thiab TU, 2009; LI et al., 2010). Cistanche nroj tsuag yog perennial parasite tshuaj ntsuab, uas feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov suab puam los yog barren ntsev licks, feem ntau yog faib nyob rau hauv lub arid thiab sov suab puam nyob rau hauv Northwest Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau hauv Suav tshuaj suav tshuaj Cistanche yog suav hais tias yog ib tug txawv tshaj plaw tonic, thiab yog lub npe hu ua "Ginseng ntawm cov suab puam". Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ua nyob rau hauv ovariectomized nas (LIANG li al., 2011) qhia tiasCistanche extracttswj qhov ncauj qhov tseem ceeb txhim kho pob txha pob txha pob txha pob txha thiab pob txha pob txha cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev ua ntawm Cistanche ntawm kev tsim cov pob txha tseem tsis tau meej. Yog li ntawd, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los soj ntsuam cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche ntawm kev qhia hauv vitro ntawm cov noob rau OPG, RANKL, thiab OPN cytokines los ntawm nas OB cell kab lis kev cai, thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem uas Cistanche txhawb cov pob txha kho lossis tiv thaiv / tswj. Cov kab mob ntawm cov pob txha.

Cistanche tshuaj ntsuab rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm pob txha kab mob

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

Kev npaj ntawm nas osteoblasts. Rat OBs tau npaj los ntawm neonatal nas calvarias (<24 hours)="" and="" processed="" by="" the="" trypsin="" (sigma,="" usa)="" and="" collagenase="" ii（sigma,="" usa）digestion="" methods.="" the="" cells="" were="" cultured="" in="" dulbecco's="" modified="" eagle="" medium="" (dmem,="" gibco,="" usa)="" supplemented="" with="" 15="" %="" inactivated="" fetal="" calf="" serum,="" penicillin="" (100="" iu/ml),="" streptomycin="" (100="" iu/ml)="" and="" l-glutamine="" in="" 6="" well="" culture="" plates,="" and="" incubated="" at="" 37="" °="" c="" with="" 5="" %="" co2="" in="" the="" air.="" the="" cellular="" phenotype="" was="" determined="" by="" the="" swiss="" dyeing="" method,="" alkaline="" phosphatase="" staining,="" and="" von="" kossa="" and="" alizarin="" red="" dye="">

Kev npaj cov dej extracts ntawm Cistanche nyob rau hauv serial dilutions. Cistanche siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no yog muab los ntawm Tongrentang Pharmacy hauv Suav teb. Qhuav pieces ntawm Cistanche tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub hmoov. Cistanche kua extracts tau npaj los ntawm decoction 50 g ntawm tshuaj ntsuab hmoov rau 1 teev. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev npaj tau concentrated rau 100 mL siv cov evaporator teb thiab lim los ntawm 0.22 hli lim. Lub filtrate tau khaws cia ntawm 4 degree hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Cov kua extract ntawm Cistanche tau diluted rau serial concentrations xws li 5 × 10 -1 mus rau 5 × 10-4 mg / mL nrog DMEM kua.

Kev rho tawm ntawm RNA thiab thim rov qab PCR. Lub cim thib peb ntawm kab lis kev cai OBs tau kho nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm Cistanche rho tawm rau 24, 48, thiab 72 teev. Kev kho OB cell kab lis kev cai tau ua hauv triplicate. Cov hlwb raug ntxuav nrog Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) ob zaug thiab RNA raug cais tawm ntawm cov hlwb nrog TransZol reagent (Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd.; Beijing, Suav) raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia, thiab muab rho tawm nrog chloroform, precipitated nrog isopropyl. cawv, ntxuav nrog 75 feem pua ​​​​ethyl cawv thiab ces yaj hauv dej. Kev hloov pauv rov qab ntawm RNA (5 μL) tau ua tiav siv TransScript First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Supermix (Trans, Beijing, Suav).

Kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom siv PCR lub sijhawm. Tom qab electrophoresis ntawm 1.5 feem pua ​​agarose gel, DNA sequencing tau ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua pov thawj tias PCR cov khoom yog cov encoding noob ntu ntawm OPG, RANKL, thiab OPN nyob rau hauv nas OB.

Kev tsim cov plasmid uas muaj lub hom phiaj gene. Cov DNA ib ntus hauv 2 feem pua ​​​​agarose gel tau ntxuav thiab rov qab los ntawm EZNA gel extraction (Kangweishiji, Tuam Tshoj) thiab pauv mus rau pEASY-T3 cov khoom siv cloning (Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd.; Beijing, Suav). Kev hloov pauv ntawm tes tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim plasmid uas muaj lub hom phiaj gene. Cov cheeb tsam zoo tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Blue-white spot screening test thiab tom qab ntawd tau ua raws. Cov plasmids muab rho tawm los ntawm cov cheeb tsam zoo, uas muaj cov hom phiaj, tau faib ua cov dej deionized kom ua tiav cov qauv nkhaus. Quantitative real-time PCR (RTQ PCR). Cov primers tshwj xeeb tau tsim ua raws li cov txheej txheem luam tawm (NCBI, Nucleotide Database) thiab tsim los ntawm Liuhe- Nuada Gene (Beijing, Tuam Tshoj) raws li qhia hauv Table 1.

Qhov kev qhia ntawm mRNAs hauv cov qauv tau ntsuas tau siv cov qauv plasmid tus qauv nkhaus tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cov khoom tau muab piv rau lub tsev khaws cov noob -actin. Qhov ntau ntawm cov hom phiaj noob tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm RTQ PCR, siv SYBR Green RealMaster Mix (TIANGEN, Tuam Tshoj) raws li cov chaw tsim khoom raws tu qauv. Cov xwm txheej PCR tau raws li hauv qab no: 94 degree rau 1 feeb, 58 degree rau 30 vib nas this, 68 degree rau 1 feeb thiab tau rov ua dua rau 40 lub voj voog. Cov ntaub ntawv raug suav nrog 7500 Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems; Waltham, MA, USA).

Kev txheeb cais. Cov ntaub ntawv tau ua tiav los ntawm ib-txoj kev ANOVA, siv kev lag luam statistical software (SPSS 17.0, IBM Corporation; Armonk, NY, USA). Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia raws li qhov nruab nrab ± tus qauv sib txawv ntawm lub hom phiaj cov noob thiab -actin piv. Qhov sib txawv tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm P<0.05>

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cistanche tshuaj ntsuab: tiv thaiv cov kab mob pob txha

Cov txiaj ntsig

Kev txheeb xyuas cov nas OBs. OBs tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm tes staining tshwj xeeb thiab tau ua kom pom tseeb raws li pom hauv daim duab 1. (A, B, C, thiab D)

Kev lees paub ntawm cov hom phiaj. Cov qhab loj ntawm lub hom phiaj noob tau txheeb xyuas hauv 2 feem pua ​​​​agarose gel thiab tau pom tias muaj raws li qhov xav tau loj (Daim duab 2).

Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais rau OPG, RANKL, OPN thiab -actin gene ntu uas muaj cov hom phiaj plasmid sequences tau muab piv nrog cov noob sib txuas ua ke yav dhau los luam tawm hauv GENBANK los ntawm BLAST-N tsom xam, thiab tau pom tias yog: 100 feem pua ​​, 100 feem pua. , 100 feem pua ​​​​thiab 99 feem pua ​​​​zoo tib yam, feem.

Cov nyhuv ntawm cov kua rho tawm ntawm Cistanche ntawm OPG, RANKL thiab OPN qhia. Cov theem ntawm OPG mRNA tau qis-tswj thaum OBs tau nthuav tawm tag nrho cov kev siv ntau ntawm Cistanche rau 24 teev thiab 48 teev (Table 2).

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tau pom ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 5 × 10-1, 5 × 10-2 thiab 5 × 10-4 mg / mL tom qab 24 teev, thiab ntawm qhov siab ntawm 5 × 10-1 thiab 5 × 10-2 mg/mL tom qab 48 teev ntawm culturing (P<0.05). however,="" when="" compared="" with="" control="" cultures,="" the="" expression="" of="" opg="" was="" significantly="" increased="" after="" treatment="" with="" cistanche="" for="" 72="" hours,="" cistanche="" concentrations="" of="" 5×10-2="" mg/ml="" and="" 5×10-3="" mg/ml="" had="" particularly="" increased="" opg="" expression=""><0.01). in="" contrast,="" the="" rankl="" mrna="" expression="" was="" down-regulated="" after="" 24="" hours="" with="" the="" concentration="" of="" 5×10-1="" mg/ml="" and="" 5×10-2="" mg/ml="" cistanche="" extracts="" compared="" to="" the="" controls.="" however,="" rankl="" mrna="" was="" up-regulated="" after="" culturing="" with="" cistanche="" extracts="" for="" 48="" hours="" and="" 72="" hours,="" especially="" the="" cistanche="" extract="" concentrations="" of="" 5×10-2="" mg/ml,="" 5×10-3="" mg/mland="" 5×10-4="" mg/ml="" (table="" 3).="" the="" rankl="" content="" continued="" to="" increase="" signifi="" cantly="" after="" 72="" hours="" of="">

Kev sib tham

Osteoblasts (OBs) tsis tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pob txha pob txha tab sis kuj tseem muaj calcium homeostasis, los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm osteoclastic (MACKIE, 2003). Muaj qee yam kab mob pob txha cuam tshuam nrog OB kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, xws li pob txha pob txha. Cov cim phenotypic ntawm OB zoo li feem ntau yog lawv qhov kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv, thiab, thib ob, mineralization ntawm pob txha nodules (PAN li al., 2005). OPG thiab RANKL yog cov tswv cuab ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav necrosis (TNF) tsev neeg ntawm cytokines, thiab lawv yog cov OB-derived proteins tseem ceeb rau kev tswj thiab kev saib xyuas cov pob txha loj (HUMPHREY li al., 2006; REINHOLZ li al., 2002). RANKL tswj hwm kev sib txawv ntawm osteoclast, ua kom muaj zog, thiab muaj sia nyob. RANKL kuj tseem tuaj yeem nce pob txha resorption los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog nws cov receptor ntawm osteoclastic membrane (SODEK li al., 2000). OPG yog tus decoy receptor rau RANKL thiab tiv thaiv RANKL los ntawm kev khi rau nws cov receptor (RANK). RANK/RANKL/OPG kev sib raug zoo tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob txha tsim thiab resorption, los ntawm kev tswj OB thiab osteoclast kev ua ub no (SODEK li al., 2000; HUMPHREY li al., 2006; MAZZIOTI li al., 2012). Raws li, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias qhov txo qis OPG / RANKL piv yuav ua rau cov pob txha resorption los ntawm kev ua kom osteoclast.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tag nrho cov kev kho mob nrog herbaceous npaj ntawm Cistancheincreasedthegene qhia ntawm OPG thiab RANKL ntawm 72 teev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm 5 × 10-2 mg / mL thiab 5 × 10-3 mg / mL, uas yog txawv txawv piv rau cov kab lis kev cai tswj.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv, OPG qhia tau zoo heev down-regulated tom qab 24 thiab 48 teev ntawm culturing nrog Cistanche extracts. Qhov kev qhia ntawm OPG / RANKL piv yog qhov tseem ceeb txo qis-tswj thaum OBs tau kho nrog Cistanche rau 24 teev thiab 48 teev. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cistanche extract tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau OB kab lis kev cai tom qab 72 teev ntawm kev kho mob. Peb xav tias cov kua rho tawm ntawm Cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho osteoclast ua haujlwm tom qab 24 teev thiab 48 teev los ntawm kev tswj hwm OPG / RANKL qhia, tab sis tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau osteoclast ua kom tom qab 72 teev. OPN muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv kev tsim cov pob txha thiab kev hloov kho ntsig txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm OPN hauv kev tiv thaiv tus tswv thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm OPN zoo li yog kev tswj hwm kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev txhawb nqa ntawm OB cell adhesion, induction ntawm calcification txheej xwm thaum ntxov, thiab tseem tswj qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av (SODEK li al., 2000). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau raug lees paub tias OPN tuaj yeem sawv cev rau tus choj cov protein, ua kom cov hlab ntsha khov thaum lub sijhawm ua rau mob, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev sib koom tes thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo plawv hauv cov neeg mob rheumatoid mob caj dab (BAZZICHI li al., 2009).

Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, peb tau pom tias cov kua rho tawm ntawm Cistanche txo qis- tswj kev qhia ntawm OPN. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txo qis OPN concentrations hauv OB kab lis kev cai piv rau cov kab lis kev cai tswj hwm ntawm 24 teev thiab 48 teev ntawm kab lis kev cai, thiab qhov tseem ceeb qis qis sau tseg ntawm 72 teev, qhia tias Cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho pob txha tsim, raws li pom los ntawm kev sim hauv vitro.

Kev nthuav tawm hauv vitro ntawm OB kab lis kev cai rau Cistanche tseem ceeb txhawb nqa cov noob qhia ntawm OPG thiab RANKL tom qab 72 teev, txo cov noob qhia ntawm OPG / RANKL tom qab 24 teev thiab 48 teev, thiab txo qhov kev qhia ntawm OPN tom qab 72 teev ntawm kev coj noj coj ua.

CovCistanche tshuaj ntsuabyog ib txwm siv raws li daim ntawv tshuaj uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj suav suav, yog li kev kho mob ntawm Cistanche siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no thiab cov khoom hauv cov kua extract yog complex thiab tseem tsis tau meej. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias Cistanche extract cuam tshuam rau OPG thiab RANKL kev qhia thaum siv rau nas OB hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm tes, tab sis theem ntawm kev qhia txawv, nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm Cistanche extracts thiab lub sij hawm ntawm culturing. Qhov tsim nyog concentration ntawm cov kua rho tawm ntawm Cistanche deserticola, ua ke nrog lub sijhawm tsim nyog ntawm kev raug rau nas OBs, tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob txha tsim thiab resorption thaum lub sij hawm cov pob txha metabolism.

Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho peb cov kev paub txog cov khoom xyaw bioactive ntawm Cistanche thiab lawv cov concentrations hauv kev npaj, rau lawv kom raug lees paub raws li cytokine modulators rau pob txha kho thiab kho.

cistanche ntxiv: tiv thaiv pob txha

Cov ntaub ntawv

BAZZICHI, L., L. GHIADONI, A. ROSSI, M. BERNARDINI, M. LANZA, F. DE FEO, C. GIACOMELLI, I. MENCARONI, K. RAIMO, M. ROSSI, AM MAZZONE, S. TADDEI, S. . BOMBARDIERI (2009): Osteopontin muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha ntxiv hauv cov mob rheumatoid. Mol. Med. 15, 402-406.

GIUSTINA, A., G. MAZZIOTTI, E. CANALIS (2008): Kev loj hlob hormone, kev loj hlob zoo li insulin, thiab lub cev pob txha. Endocr. Rev. 29, 535-559.

HUMPHREY, EL, JH WILLIAMS, MW DAVIE, MJ MARSHALL (2006): Cov teebmeem ntawm dissociated glucocorticoids ntawm OPG thiab RANKL hauv cov hlwb osteoblastic. Pob txha 38, 652-661.

HUNG, TY, TL CHEN, MH Liao, WP HO, DZ LIU, WC CHUANG, RM CHEN(2010): Drynaria fortunei J. Sm. txhawb osteoblast maturation los ntawm inducing sib txawv ntawm cov noob qhia thiab tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab-induced apoptotic insults. J. Ethnopharmacol. 131, 70-77, ib.

JIANG, Y., PF TU (2009): Kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv Cistanche hom. J. Chromatogr. A. 1216, 1970-1979.

LI, Y., Y. SONG, H. ZHANG (2010): Kev nce qib hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawm cistanche. Suav Wild Plant Resources 29, 7-11.

LIANG, H., F. YU, Z. TONG, Z. HUANG (2011): Cov nyhuv ntawm Cistanches Herba aqueous extract ntawm pob txha poob hauv ovariectomized nas. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12, 5060-5069.

LINKHART, TA, S. MOHAN, DJ BAYLINK (1996): Kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha loj hlob thiab kho: IGF, TGF beta thiab BMP. Pob txha 19, S1-S12.

MACKIE, EJ (2003): Osteoblasts: Lub luag hauj lwm tshiab hauv orchestration ntawm skeletal architecture. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Bio. 35, 1301-1305, ib.

MAZZIOTTI, G., J. BILEZIKIAN, E. CANALIS, D. COCCHI, A. GIUSTINA (2012): Kev nkag siab tshiab thiab kev kho mob pob txha. Endocrine 41, 58-69.

NAYAK, S., MS ROBERTS, SL GREENSPAN (2012): Kev cuam tshuam ntawm generic alendronate tus nqi ntawm tus nqi-zoo ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab kho pob txha. PLoS IB 7(3): e32879. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032879.

PAN, W., LD QUARLES, LH SONG, YH YU, C. JIAO, HB TANG, CH JIANG, H.

W. Deng, YJ LI, HH ZHOU, ZS XIAO (2005): Genistein txhawb kev sib txawv osteoblastic ntawm NO/cGMP hauv cov pob txha kab mob. J. Cell Biochem. 94, {2}} ib.

PARFITT, AM (2000): Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas: lub luag haujlwm rau vasculature. Pob txha 26, 319-323. REINHOLZ, MM, SJ ITURRIA, JN INGLE, PC ROCHE (2002): Cov noob sib txawv

Kev nthuav qhia ntawm TGF- cov neeg hauv tsev neeg thiab osteopontin hauv kev tsom xam cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub mis los ntawm PCR ntawm lub sijhawm. Lub mis Cancer Res. Kho. 74, {3}} ib.

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