Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev khov-kom qhuav rau qhov zoo ntawm Cistanche Deserticola Thiab Jujube Complex Solid Beverage

Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev khov-drying rau qhov zoo ntawmCistanche deserticolathiab jujube complex khoom beverageLIU Lang, ZHANG Zhen, LI Wei, DU Jianming, SHI Jianli, CHEN Yixuan, JIN Lina (College of Food Science thiab Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Suav teb)

Abstract Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no,suab puam Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube, uas yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hauv xeev Gansu, tau siv los ua cov khoom siv raw los npaj cov dej haus los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav (SD) thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev kom qhuav (VFD), feem. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau txoj kev ziab qhuav ntawm microstructure, hnov lub xeev, lub cev muaj zog, hygroscopicity, solubility, andantioxidant peev ntawm cov dej haus tau raug tshawb xyuas.

Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias VFD muaj cov qauv pore me dua li SD. Qhov ΔE ntawm SD qauv yog 35.37, thiab ΔE ntawm VFD qauv yog 46.25, uas pom tau tias muaj xim txawv txawv. Sensory nrhiav pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej haus zoo. Kev txheeb xyuas lub cev ntiv tes pom tau tias SD muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua thiab sib xws dua li VFD, thiab qhov zoo sib xws ntawm SD thiab VFD yog9.68%. Tus nqi hygro scopic ntawm SDand VFD yog 19.64% thiab 18.99% feem. Lub hygroscopic acceleration ntawm SD yog -0002 6 g/h2. Lub solubility ntawm SDsamples yog 96.58%, lub sij hawm dissolution yog 52.38 s, thiab lub sij hawm ntub dej yog 89.85 s. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias DPPH dawb radicalscavening tus nqi ntawm SD thiab VFD cov qauv tau zoo dua li cov qauv ntawm VFD, thiab DPPH dawb radicalscavenging tus nqi ntawm SD thiab VFD cov qauv txo los ntawm 50.64% thiab 53.03%, feem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txoj kev ziab kom qhuav cuam tshuam rau microstructure ntawm cov dej haus, thiab thaum kawg, qhov kev hnov lus, lub cev muaj zog thiab antioxidant peev xwm ntawm cov dej khov uas tau txais los ntawm ntau txoj kev ziab qhuav sib txawv.Txoj kev tshawb no tau muab kev txhawb nqa thiab kev siv rau kev txhim kho ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube.

Ntsiab lustshuaj tsuag kom qhuav; lub tshuab nqus tsev khov kom qhuav; dej haus; lub cev ntiv tes; kev ua haujlwm antioxidant

Kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv dej haus hauv Suav teb tau nrawm heev, thiab kev lag luam kev cia siab tau zoo heev. Piv nrog rau lwm hom dej haus, cov dej haus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev noj haus, tshwj xeeb hauv tsw, thiab ruaj khov hauv kev cia. Lawv nrov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom vim lawv yooj yim nqa thiab tuaj yeem sib xyaw thiab haus cawv raws li tus kheej nyiam [1].

Cov txheej txheem ziab ziab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov dej haus tam sim no suav nrog kev ziab kom qhuav (SD) thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev khov (VFD) [2].

Cistanche deserticola YC Mayog cov tshuaj ntsuab txhua xyoo thiab cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb thiab tshuaj nyob hauv xeev Gansu. Nws muaj cov khoom xyaw nplua nuj xws li polysaccharides, flavonoids, thiabpolyphenols[3]. Ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag, cov ntsiab lus ntawmCistanche deserticola polysaccharidesyog qhov siab, uas muaj ntau yam haujlwm xws li antioxidant, laxative, thiab plab hnyuv muaj teebmeem [4]. Kev siv Cistanche deserticola feem ntau yog tsom rau hauv cov tshuaj kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv cov khoom tsim thiab kev siv. Tam sim no, muaj ob peb cov khoom noj uas siv Cistanche deserticola ua raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws muaj kev loj hlob zeem muag. Liab hnub (Zizyphus Jujuba Mill) yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob ntawm tsev neeg Rhamnaceae. Lawv muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev cog qoob loo thiab nplua nuj nyob hauv cov as-ham. Lawv yog cov zaub mov nrov. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia, cov hnub liab muaj cov khoom xyaw xws li polysaccharides thiab phenols [5]. Liab hnub polysaccharides yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv oxidation, thiab txhim kho lub plab hnyuv ib puag ncig [6]. Cov khoom siv liab hnub yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov as-ham, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab muaj kev lag luam loj. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom hnub liab kuj yog ib lub ntsiab lus kub. Polysaccharides muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo, uas feem ntau qhia los ntawm DPPH thiab ABTS clearance tus nqi. Qhov zoo ntawm cov dej haus tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ziab qhuav sib txawv. Ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv lub cev yooj yim, solubility, khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev xav zoo yog kev txhawj xeeb rau pej xeem. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov dej haus yog feem ntau tsom rau cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab tsw, thiab tsis muaj kev sib txuas me me ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab microstructure ntawm cov dej haus lawv tus kheej. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov suab puam Cistanche deserticola, hnub liab, thiab lwm yam tau siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Txau kom qhuav thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev kom qhuav tau raug xaiv raws li cov khoom siv tiag tiag. Cov dej haus muaj zog tau npaj los ntawm kev rho tawm dej, concentration, ziab thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Ua ntej, qhov kev hnov mob ntawm cov dej haus tau muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob scanning, thiab cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm Cistanche tau txais thiab cov hnub liab sib xyaw cov dej haus tau raug ntsuas. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntiv tes ntawm lub cev tau siv los sib piv thiab txheeb xyuas cov khoom ntawm lub cev ntawm cov dej haus, thiab qhov hygroscopic nkhaus ntawm cov dej haus tau haum thiab ntsuas qhov solubility. Tom qab ntawd, cov qauv tau yaj mus simulate hauv vitro plab hnyuv plab, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov dej haus tau txuas nrog nws cov microstructure, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev txhim kho thiab kev tshawb fawb zoo ntawm cov dej haus tshiab yav tom ntej.

1 Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv, cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov cuab yeej siv

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab reagents: Suab puam Cistanche deserticola yog los ntawm Minqin County, Wuwei City, cov hnub liab yog los ntawm Lanzhou, cov suab thaj dawb (ua lag luam muaj), citric acid (qib zaub mov; Henan Shengfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), maltodextrin (khoom noj khoom haus qib; Shandong). Xiwang Sugar Co., Ltd.), porcine pepsin (1:3 000 Shanghai Yuanye Technology Co., Ltd.), porcine trypsin (1:4 000 Shanghai Yuanye Technology Co., Ltd.), DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl; Hefei Bomei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), thiab cov seem ntawm cov reagents yog qib tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv tsev. Cov cuab yeej: Teb evaporator (RE52CS-1; Shanghai Yarong Biochemical Instrument Factory); tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (BILON-6000Y; Shanghai Bilang Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.); Lub tshuab nqus tsev khov tshuab (scientz-20F/A; Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); hluav taws xob tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (HGZF-Ⅱ/H101-3; Shanghai Yuejin Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.); laser particle loj analyzer (Bettersize2600; Dandong Better Instrument); qhov kub thiab txias sib nqus stirrer (HHS1-set; Shanghai Yuejin Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.); high-speed refrigerated centrifuge (TGL-16M; Hunan Xiangyi Laboratory Instrument Development Co., Ltd.); full-band microplate nyeem ntawv (SpectraMaxABS Plus; Shanghai Meigu Molecular Instrument Co., Ltd.); Ib puag ncig scanning electron microscope (Japan Electron Optics Co., Ltd.).

1.2 Test method

1.2.1 Cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm kev npaj cov dej haus sib xyaw

Kev npaj cov txheej txheem dej haus: raw khoom hmoov → extraction → compounding → concentration → drying → crushing → tiav cov khoom. Ntsuas cov khoom siv raw hmoov raws li qhov sib piv ntawm cov suab puam cistanche rau hnub liab ntawm 3.45: 6.55, sib tov zoo, ntxiv dej ntshiab raws li cov khoom siv-kua piv ntawm 1: 4{{10}} g / mL , boil ntawm 75 degree rau 3.5 h thiab lim. Ntxiv 0.4% citric acid, 7% qab zib dawb thiab 0.9% maltodextrin rau cov extract hauv kev faib ua feem los npaj cov dej haus cov tshuaj. Muab cov tshuaj tov thiab muab tso rau hauv lub evaporator rotary kom mloog zoo rau qhov ceev ntawm 1.2-1.3 g/cm3. Seal lub extract nrog yas qhwv rau tom qab siv.

(1) SD qauv npaj: Cov dej haus cov tshuaj tau nqus rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws kom qhuav. Qhov ntsuas cua nkag mus rau 160 degree, lub twj tso kua mis peristaltic ceev yog 15 r / min, thiab cov cua nkag nkag yog 40 m3 / h. Cov qauv no tau ci los ntawm ib qho 80-mesh sieve.

(2) VFD qauv npaj: Lub thickness ntawm cov extract nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai tais yog tswj ntawm li 5 hli. Nws yog pre-khov nyob rau hauv lub tub yees rau 48 teev thiab ces pauv mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum freeze dryer. Thaum lub sij hawm ziab, lub siab yog khaws cia hauv qab 20 Pa kom txog thaum ziab tiav. Tom qab ziab rau 48 teev, cov qauv raug muab tshem tawm thiab tsoo los ntawm 80-mesh sieve kom tau txais cov qauv.

1.2.2 Kev txiav txim siab thiab microstructure ntawm cov dej haus

1.2.2.1 Microstructure

Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob (SEM) kev txiav txim siab: kho cov qauv nrog ob-sided daim kab xev, electroplating thiab kub txau, muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob, saib thiab yees duab microstructure. Xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Chen Henghui li al. [8], qhov magnification yog xaiv li 50, 100, thiab 500 zaus.

1.2.2.2 Kev txiav txim siab xim

Cov qauv yog ntxiv rau sau cov kab lis kev cai tais diav, thiab L *, a *, thiab b * ntawm cov qauv yog ntsuas los ntawm colorimeter, thiab tag nrho cov xim sib txawv yog xam.

1.2.2.3 Kev soj ntsuam kev xav ntawm cov dej haus GB 7101-2022 "National Food Safety Standard Beverages" piav txog xim, saj, tsw thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov qauv ua ntej thiab tom qab sib tov.

1.2.3 Lub cev ntiv tes thiab qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov dej haus tau los ntawm ntau txoj kev ziab

Xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Chen Henghui li al. [7,8], cov ntsuas hauv qab no tau ntsuas: kais ntom (TD), qhov ntom ntom (BD), compression (DC), porosity (P), lub kaum sab xis ntawm repose (), Hausner piv (HR), noo noo nqus ( H), dej ntsiab lus (W), nruab nrab particle loj (D50), particle loj faib dav (Span), particle loj ntau yam (Dav). Xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Chen Anli li al. [9,10], cov ntsuas tau hloov dua siab tshiab thiab muab tso rau hauv 5 lub ntsiab lus qhia: stacking, compressibility, fluidity, stability, thiab uniformity. Thawj qhov ntsuas tau suav tias yog 5 qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, thiab Euclidean nrug yog xam kom tau qhov zoo sib xws. Qhov ze dua qhov zoo sib xws yog 0, qhov tsawg dua qhov zoo sib xws ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Muab xam raws li cov qauv hauv qab no: Euclidean nrug:

1.2.4 Kev kawm Hygroscopicity

1.2.4.1 Hygroscopicity Data Collection

Xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Wang Yangyang li al. [11] thiab hloov nws, ntsuas qhov hnyav hloov ua ntej thiab tom qab nqus dej ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108 , 120, 132, 144, 156, 168 h), thiab ua 2 qhov kev xeem sib luag. Tus nqi noo noo nqus

formula yog raws li nram no:

Qhov twg: m1-qhov hnyav ntawm lub tais thiab cov qauv ua ntej nqus dej noo, g; m2-qhov hnyav ntawm lub tais thiab cov qauv tom qab nqus dej noo, g; m0- nyhav ntawm tais, g.

1.2.4.2 Cov ntaub ntawv haum

Xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Yang Wei li al. [12], cov txheej txheem nqus dej noo ntawm cov khoom siv dej tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia, cov ntaub ntawv nqus dej noo tau haum, qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej nqus dej nkhaus tau muab piv, thiab cov qauv tsim nyog tau xaiv rau kev tsom xam raws li qib. ntawm haum.

1.2.5 Dissolution muaj peev xwm

Lub solubility, dissolution lub sij hawm thiab wetting sinking lub sij hawm tau txiav txim los ntawm kev xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Chen Anli li al. [9].

1.2.6 Hauv vitro plab zom mov simulation

Cov tshuaj digestive tau npaj los ntawm kev xa mus rau txoj kev Qin, Shi Cui li al. [13,14] thiab hloov kho. Cov dej haus tau npaj rau hauv 1 mg / mL daws. Lub plab zom mov hauv vitro tau simulated los ntawm kev xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Zheng Min li al. [15]. Lub DPPH dawb radical scavenging tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj digested tau txiav txim. Lub DPPH dawb radical scavenging tus nqi ntawm cov vitamin C tov tau txiav txim raws li kev tswj.

Kev npaj ntawm simulated gastric kua txiv: Ua kom raug hnyav 2.5 g ntawm pepsin, ntxiv me ntsis dej kom yaj nws, ntxiv 4.10 mL ntawm HCl, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej kom txog li 250 mL. Cov pH ntawm 1 mol / L HCl tov tau hloov mus rau 1.3 thiab khaws cia ntawm 4 degree.

Kev npaj ntawm simulated plab hnyuv kua: kom raug coj 1.36 g poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate thiab yaj hauv dej, dilute nws mus rau 200 mL nrog 4% NaOH tov, kho pH rau 7.0 nrog 1 mol / L NaOH tov, thiab dissolve 20 g porcine trypsin hauv dej. Tom qab sib tov ob txoj kev daws, ntxiv dej kom dilute nws mus rau 400 mL thiab khaws cia ntawm 4 degree.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm DPPH dawb radical scavenging tus nqi: xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Wan Liujing li al. [16] thiab hloov nws. DPPH dawb radical scavenging nyhuv yog txiav txim los ntawm cov mis:

Qhov twg: A0 yog qhov nqus ntawm pawg tswj hwm ntsuas los ntawm 10 μL anhydrous ethanol + 190 μL anhydrous ethanol-DPPH; A1 yog qhov nqus ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntsuas los ntawm 10 μL digestion tov + 190 μL anhydrous ethanol-DPPH. Kev tswj thiab qauv yog qhov nqus ntawm 515 nm.