Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Pullet Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Rau Kev Txhim Kho Thiab Lub Sij Hawm Ntev Ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Part 2

4. Kev sib tham

Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, peb tau ua pov thawj tias cov tshuab rub tawm tau muab tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv IBV, NDV, thiab ILTV tau tiv thaiv kev sib tw homologous nrog IBV, NDV, lossis ILTV tsawg kawg 36 lub lis piam, raws li kev txiav txim los ntawm kev sib tw kuaj kab mob, cov tsos mob, histopathology. , thiab cryostasis ntawm 5 hnub tom qab kev sib tw.

Tsis tas li ntawd, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau txhua tus kab mob thiab yog li tiv thaiv kev sib tw homologous. Peb tsim peb cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj los sawv cev rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau IBV, NDV, thiab ILTV hauv kev lag luam rub tawm. Nrog rau kev paub tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj sia nyob tuaj yeem nyob hauv pab pawg, nws tsis tau paub meej, txog tam sim no seb puas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob yuav raug cuam tshuam vim muaj kab mob cuam tshuam, ib qho tshwm sim uas ib tus kab mob replicating tus kab mob thiab / los yog replication ntawm lwm tus. virus [9,10] ib.

Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau muab tshuaj rau ntawm 2 lossis 4 lub lis piam, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tias tus kab mob los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los tseem muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv IBV tau kuaj pom hauv txoj hlab ntsws txog li 28 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv [27], thiab IBV raug cais tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha uas tau muab khaws cia rau ntawm qhov chaw pw thiab 19 lub lis piam ntawm hnub nyoog ntawm cov qaib uas tau kis tus kab mob tsis zoo rau ob peb lub hlis. lub lis piam tom qab rov qab los ntawm inoculation ntawm ib hnub ntawm hnub nyoog [4]. Fentie, et al. [28] qhia tias qaib tau txhaj tshuaj NDV B1 tso cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob 14 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Hughes, thiab al. [29] pom kev sib cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlab ntsws los ntawm ILTV-tiv thaiv qaib ntawm 7 thiab 14 lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

[Nroj Cistanche los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias polysaccharides, flavonoids, thiab lwm yam tshuaj hauv Cistanche kuj muaj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant, uas tuaj yeem pab lub cev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation. Cov dawb radicals yog cov oxidants muaj zog uas tuaj yeem ua rau DNA, cov proteins, thiab lipids ntawm cov hlwb, ua rau cov cell tuag lossis hloov pauv, thiab txawm tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog. Cov nyhuv antioxidant ntawm Cistanche tuaj yeem txo cov kev pheej hmoo no, yog li txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.]

Nyem cistanche deserticola ntxiv khoom

Ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kab mob sib kis tau raug luam tawm, thiab tsawg dua tseem tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqaij qaib viral ua pa kab mob. Costa-Hurtado, thiab al. [30] pom tau hais tias qaib thiab qaib cov txwv tau kis tus kab mob mesogenic ntawm NDV thiab cov kab mob ua npaws avian influenza heev (HPAIV) 3 hnub sib nrug ua rau qhov pib txo qis tom qab nce ntxiv hauv kev rov ua dua ntawm tus kab mob thib ob. Hauv kev tshawb fawb tom ntej [11], tib pab pawg tau pom tias tus kab mob khaub thuas ua npaws uas tsis tshua muaj kab mob tau muab rau 3 hnub tom qab cov kab mob lentogenic ntawm NDV tau pom cov kab mob cuam tshuam thaum kis kab mob cuam tshuam tsis tau pom thaum cov kab mob tau muab ib txhij. Peb tsis tau ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rov ua dua hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no thiab, yog li ntawd, tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob puas cuam tshuam tus kab mob thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tom ntej.

Txawm li cas los xij, peb lub hom phiaj yog los txiav txim seb cov qaib tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob li cas nrog peb tus kab mob no tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab cov tsos mob tshwm sim tom qab kev sib tw homologous. Yog li, tsis hais tus kab mob cuam tshuam li cas, peb cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau ib tus neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis raug cuam tshuam tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyob hauv lub hom phiaj sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob ua pa.

Kev kuaj pom ntawm IBV RNA hauv cecal tonsils ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv / tsis sib tw noog ntawm 20 thiab 24 WOA tab sis tsis yog nyob rau lub sijhawm tom ntej qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob RNA tseem nyob hauv cecal tonsils txog thaum tsawg kawg 24 WOA, tom qab txhaj tshuaj IBV thib ob. IBV tau raug cais tawm ntawm cecal tonsils tom qab 14 lub lis piam tom qab kis kab mob thiab paub tias yuav nyob ntev li ob peb lub hlis hauv ntau yam kabmob sab hauv [4,31]. IBV RNA kuj tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv tsis muaj kev sib tw tsis zoo tswj HG ntawm 24 WOA tab sis tsis tuaj ntawm tag nrho lwm cov ntaub so ntswg sau los ntawm kev tswj tsis zoo, uas tsis pom muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob IBV. Nws tsis paub meej tias vim li cas peb tau kuaj IBV RNA hauv cov qauv los ntawm HG hauv cov noog tswj tsis zoo tab sis zoo li sawv cev rau kev sib kis kab mob thaum ua cov qauv vim tias IBV tsis pom nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntaub so ntswg.

Cov kab mob tracheal histopathological ntawm deciliation nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj zoo tau ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv dhau los ntawm IBV-induced histopathology [32,33] thiab tau lees paub ntxiv los ntawm kev muaj cryostasis ntawm kev tswj zoo. Raws li qhov xav tau, IBV-cov tshuaj tiv thaiv / cov noog nyuaj tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cryostasis. European Pharmacopoeia hais tias cryostasis tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas IBV tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo, uas tsis muaj cryostasis yuav qhia tau tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau zoo [34]. Yog li, cov kev soj ntsuam no tau lees paub ntxiv tias cov noog uas tau txhaj tshuaj IBV raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib tw homologous.

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm IBV-tshwj xeeb cov kuab tshuaj muaj zog IgG titers hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov noog yog zoo ib yam nrog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tias IBV kab mob ua rau muaj kev lom zem hauv qaib [35], tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob titers tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob [36]. Yog li ntawd, qhov muaj IBV-specific serum IgG titers qhia tau hais tias tsuas yog tus noog tau raug tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis tiv thaiv kab mob thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam kev tiv thaiv. Qhov tsis muaj titers tseem ceeb hauv cov noog uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv / nyuaj tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm kev sib tw tom qab kev sib tw. Orr-Burks, et al. [37] pom tias qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv IgG ntshav titer tsis tau kuaj pom txog 10 hnub tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj.

Orr-Burks, et al. [37] kuj tau pom qhov tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv IBV-specific IgA titer hauv kua muag 5 hnub tom qab ob qho tib si raug rau IBV, tab sis IgA titer tau siab dua ntawm 6 thiab 16 hnub tom qab thawj zaug raug IBV. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, IBV-tshwj xeeb IgA titers ntsuas hauv kua muag ntawm 5 dpc tsis qhia qhov sib xws thiab yuav piav qhia thaum ntxov ntawm kev sau cov kab mob tom qab. Nws yog dhau ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no los sau cov qauv tom qab 5 dpc, tab sis kev tsim cov IBV-specific IgA hauv cov kua muag tom qab cov ntsiab lus tau pom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim sib txawv uas cov kua muag tau sau ntawm 10 thiab 14 dpc. Hauv qhov kev sim ntawd, cov qaib tsis muaj kev sib tw nrog IBV tau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb IgA titer piv rau cov kev tswj tsis tau sib tw [38].

Qhov kev txiav txim siab siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv B1 rau qhov kev sib tw NDV yog raws li kev cai biosecurity thiab tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog biosafety qib 3 cov chaw tsim nyog rau kev sib tw nrog mesogenic lossis velogenic hom NDV. Txij li thaum peb tau siv cov kab mob lentogenic ntawm NDV ua tus kab mob sib tw hauv peb qhov kev sim tsim, kev tiv thaiv feem ntau yog los ntawm kev txo qis lossis tsis muaj tus kab mob kuaj pom ntawm 5 hnub tom qab qhov kev sib tw, uas yog ntsuas kev tiv thaiv hauv zos tiv thaiv kab mob thiab / lossis rov ua dua. Piv txwv li, ib tug noog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kis kab mob nrog cov kab mob lentogenic ntawm NDV kuj tseem yuav qhia qee theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev raug rau mesogenic lossis velogenic hom. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv noog ntawm txhua lub sijhawm kuaj tau qis dua lossis tsis muaj kev sib tw tus kab mob RNA piv rau cov pab pawg tswj tau zoo, qhia tias cov noog tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos thiab raug tiv thaiv tiag tiag thaum tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo. Vim tias lentogenic NDV tsuas yog ua rau mob ua pa me me lossis nkag mus rau hauv lub cev [3], nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov paib ua pa thiab cov kev hloov histological tau mob me lossis tsis tuaj txawm tias muaj tus kab mob RNA. Peb tau pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob NDV tsuas yog ntawm 20 WOA hauv kev tswj hwm qhov zoo, thaum tsuas yog ob peb tus noog tau pom cov tsos mob me me ntawm 24 thiab 28 WOA, thiab tsis pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim tom qab lub sijhawm sib tw. Qhov kev soj ntsuam no yog ua raws li cov kev paub uas twb muaj lawm tias ND nyhav hnyav dua rau cov noog hluas [39].

Qhov tsis muaj cryostasis pom hauv NDV B1- kis tau tus kab mob zoo sib xws nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm dhau los uas qhia tias NDV ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hauv cov hlab ntsws. Butler, et al. [40] pom tau tias NDV ua rau ciliostasis nyob rau hauv 2 mus rau 6 hnub tom qab kis tau tus kab mob tracheal explants, thiab Malo, li al. [41] tau tshaj tawm tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib hnub-hnub menyuam qaib nrog lentogenic NDV, lub ncov ntawm cryostasis tshwm sim ntawm 5 thiab 7 dpi thiab waned los ntawm 13 dpi. Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm peb cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev siv cov kab mob Lentogenic NDV sib txawv; B1 hauv peb cov kev tshawb fawb thiab LaSota hauv cov ntaub ntawv dhau los [41]. Nws yog qhov tsim tau zoo tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv LaSota muaj ntau dua li B1 [42], uas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov cim iconostasis pom hauv LaSota-cov tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam qaib los yog LaSota-infected tracheal explants, whereas iconostasis tsis tau pom hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb siv tshuaj tiv thaiv B1.

Lub zog NDV tshwj xeeb ncig IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cov lus teb tau tsim los tom qab txhaj tshuaj NDV thiab nyob twj ywm, uas tau ua raws li kev tshawb fawb ua ntej qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem raug kuaj pom txog li ib xyoos hauv cov noog txhaj tshuaj ntau zaus tiv thaiv NDV [39]. Tsuas yog 28 WOA, IgG titers hauv cov noog uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv / sib tw tsis tau nce ntxiv piv rau titers hauv kev tswj tsis zoo. Qhov kev soj ntsuam no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob vim tias NDV cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tsis raug kuaj pom hauv cov ntshav mus txog 6-10 hnub tom qab kis tau [39].

Rau ILTV-kev sib tw noog, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib tw tus kab mob rov ua dua tshiab hauv trachea thiab HG tab sis tsis tau thaiv tag nrho cov kab mob rov ua dua nyob rau hauv lub conjunctiva, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm 32 thiab 36 WOA. Qhov no tuaj yeem hais qhia txog kev tiv thaiv hauv zos tiv thaiv ILTV tom qab txhaj tshuaj thib ob ntawm 16 WOA. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib thooj ntawm conjunctiva mus rau qhov chaw inoculation (lub qhov muag thiab intranasal) tuaj yeem piav qhia vim li cas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov kab mob sib kis hauv lub conjunctiva tab sis ua tiav tshem tawm tus kab mob ua ntej nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua hauv HG thiab trachea.

Kev tswj tsis tau zoo heev (tsis yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv / nyuaj) tau pom cov pov thawj histological ntawm ILT kab mob hauv lub ntsws, txawm tias tag nrho cov kev tswj tau zoo tau kuaj pom zoo rau ILT DNA los ntawm PCR. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob hauv lub teeb ntawm daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Guy, thiab al. [43], uas qhia tau hais tias kev tshawb nrhiav histological ntawm ILT yog qhov tshwj xeeb (98 feem pua) tab sis tsis zoo (42 feem pua). Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, lub cev intranuclear suav nrog tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum pib kis kab mob (1-5 hnub) thiab ploj mus tom qab epithelial cell necrosis thiab desquamation [44], uas yuav piav qhia qhov kev soj ntsuam tias los ntawm 5 dpc tsuas yog 3/9 thiab 1/10 zoo tswj ntawm 20 thiab 28 WOA, feem, muaj pov thawj histological ntawm ILT tus kab mob txawm tias muaj ILT DNA nyob rau hauv lub trachea.

Qhov tsis muaj cryostasis tau pom nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si txhaj tshuaj thiab tsis txhaj tshuaj, ILTV-cov noog sib tw ntawm 5 dpc tsis xav tsis thoob vim tias Butler, thiab al. [40] pom tias tsuas yog qee hom kab mob ILTV ua rau cryostasis thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua phem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv tau pom tias tsis tshua muaj cryostasis ua ntej 6 hnub, thiab qee zaum txawm tias 9 hnub, tom qab inoculation. Tsis tas li ntawd, Gerganov thiab Surtmadzhiev [45] kuj tau ua kom pom kev ua rau cryostasis hauv ILTV- kis kab mob tracheal kab lis kev cai ntawm 7-8 hnub tom qab kis kab mob. Yog li ntawd, peb cov txiaj ntsig tau ua ke nrog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tau hais tias kev ntsuas iconostasis yuav tsis yog ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ILTV tus kab mob thiab tias cryostasis hauv ILTV kev tshawb fawb kab mob yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tom qab lub sij hawm tom qab inoculation.

Qhov tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ILTV-tshwj xeeb cov ntshav IgG titers hauv cov kev tswj tsis tau txhaj tshuaj zoo tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm kev sib sau tom qab kev sib tw, vim tias ILTV cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom txog 5-7 dpi thiab ncov ntawm 21 dpi [46 ]. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob titers tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ILTV tus kab mob [44]. IgG titers tau muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv noog thoob plaws hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv dhau los uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem kuaj pom tau tsawg kawg ib xyoos [44].

Ua ke, peb cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv IBV, NDV, thiab ILTV tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej, thiab cov noog tau txais kev tiv thaiv txaus tiv thaiv kev sib tw homologous kom txog thaum tsawg kawg 36. WOA. Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb heev vim tias nws qhia tau hais tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txuas ua ke tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob ua pa tuaj yeem yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv txhua tus kab mob hauv cov noog uas nyob ntev.

Tus sau kev koom tes:

Conceptualization, MWJ; Methodology, EJA, BJJ, SWM, MG, and MWJ; Formal analysis, EJA, BJJ, SWM, and MG; Investigation, EJA, BJJ, SWM, MG and MWJ; Resources, BJJ and MWJ; Data curation, EJA, BJJ, SWM, MG and MWJ; Sau-original draft, EJA and MWJ; Sau-review and editing, BJJ, SWM, MG and MWJ; Supervision, BJJ and MWJ; Kev tswj hwm qhov project, EJA; Funding acquisition, MWJ

Nyiaj txiag:

Txoj haujlwm no tau txais nyiaj los ntawm USDA, NIFA, thiab Poultry Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab:

Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev txaus siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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© 2019 by the author. Daim ntawv tso cai MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Kab lus no yog ib tsab xov xwm qhib tau muab faib raws li cov ntsiab lus thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) daim ntawv tso cai.

Emily J. Aston 1, Brian J. Jordan 1,2, Susan M. Williams 1, Maricarmen García 1 thiab Mark W. Jackwood 1,*

1 Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; ejaston@ucdavis.edu (EJA); brian89@uga.edu (BJJ); smwillia@uga.edu (SMW); mcgarcia@uga.edu (MG) 2 Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural thiab Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Tau txais: 9 Lub Ib Hlis 2019; Txais: 30 Lub Ib Hlis 2019; Published: 2 February 2019

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