Drought Stress Nco Thaum Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntu 2

2.1. Photosynthesis thiab Energy-Related Mechanisms

Cov kev hloov pauv hauv photosynthesis mechanisms thiab lub zog tshuav nyiaj li cas tau qhia txog ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb hais txog kev nco txog dej.

Coercive memory hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev nco thaum lub neej ntawm tus neeg. Kev nco tsis zoo feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis nco qab, ua rau muaj peev xwm nco tsis txaus thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau koj tus kheej thiab cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig koj.

Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj txoj hauv kev uas peb tuaj yeem txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb txawm tias thaum peb nyob hauv kev ua phem. Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb pom tau tias lub hlwb lub plasticity muaj zog heev, thiab peb tuaj yeem txhim kho peb lub hlwb los ntawm qee tus cwj pwm zoo.

Piv txwv li, ua kom koj lub cev noj qab nyob zoo los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog zoo, kev tawm dag zog txaus, thiab noj zaub mov zoo yuav ua rau koj nco. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kawm thiab kev xav tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem ua kom lub hlwb ua haujlwm thiab pab txhim kho kev nco.

Peb tseem tuaj yeem siv kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo los ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg thiab koom nrog kev ua ub no, uas pab txhim kho kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib txuas lus.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub cim xeeb quab yuam tej zaum yuav ua mob nco, tab sis peb yuav txhim kho peb lub hlwb los ntawm kev ua neej nyob thiab kev kawm, ua rau peb tus kheej muaj zog, zoo, thiab zoo siab. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev nco, thiab Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco, vim Cistanche deserticola muaj antioxidant, tiv thaiv kev mob, thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, uas tuaj yeem pab txo qis oxidation thiab inflammatory tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb, yog li tiv thaiv cov kab mob. kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cistanche deserticola kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kho cov paj hlwb, yog li txhim kho kev sib txuas thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm neural networks. Cov teebmeem no tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev nco, kev kawm, thiab kev xav nrawm, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev paub tsis meej thiab kab mob neurodegenerative.

Nyem Paub txhawm rau txhim kho lub cim xeeb luv luv

Cov lus teb txawv raws li seb cov nroj tsuag puas muaj cov kab mob vegetative (piv txwv li, Beta vulgaris) los yog tsis, uas txhais tau hais tias nyob ntawm lub dab dej-qhov kev sib raug zoo thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab, lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab biochemicalplant tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txawv [37].

Hauv Triticum aestivum, cog priming (piv txwv li, raug rau thawj qhov kev ntxhov siab) nce chlorophyll thiab ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase cov ntsiab lus nrog rau kev ua haujlwm photosynthetic thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab thib ob.

Yog li, priming induces ntau dua txij nkawm ntawm photosynthetic apparatus thaum lub sij hawm tom qab kev ntxhov siab [28–30].Cov lus teb physiological sib txawv tom qab priming tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov lus teb sib txawv ntawm cov lus teb ntawm kev nco [18,25,26,43]. Tseeb tiag, hauv Zea mays thiab Arabidopsis thaliana, ntawm 556 lub cim xeeb cov noob uas muaj rau ob hom, 18% cuam tshuam rau cov haujlwm photosynthetic thiab lub zog sib npaug.

Hauv pobkws, [=/−] thiab [=/+] memorygenes (Daim duab 1c) encode proteins koom nrog hauv lub teeb sau, lub zog thauj, nonphotochemical quenching, thiab tag nrho cov photosynthesis, suav nrog cov enzymes ntawm CalvinBenson- Bassham lub voj voog [18].

Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj cai qis ntawm lub cim xeeb gene encodinga chloroplastic ATP synthase thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ntxhov siab thib ob qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev hloov pauv lub zog-dependent quenching rhiab heev, thaum kawg ua rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm photosynthetic apparatus los ntawm drought [18].
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tau pom nyob rau hauv Glycine max, uas qee qhov drought-repressed nco noob kuj muaj feem xyuam rau photosynthesis kev ua [35].

Nyob ntawm cov qoob loo biomass muab faib rau cov kab mob sib txawv, cov kab mob physiological thiab biochemical cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txawv thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab [37].

Hauv Beta vulgarises raug rau peb qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv dej, txhua qhov kev ntxhov siab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov chlorophyll, tab sis qhov loj ntawm cov nyhuv tau qis dua thaum lub sij hawm kev ntxhov siab thib ob thiab txawm tias qis dua thaum lub sij hawm thib peb [37].

Lub caij no, tag nrho peb qhov kev ntxhov siab txo qis photosynthesis thiab transpiration rau tib yam. Yog li, txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem no tsis tuaj yeem hais dav dav rau txhua qhov xwm txheej, kev ntxhov siab thawj zaug tuaj yeem txhim kho cov lus teb rau cov kev ntxhov siab tom ntej los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov kev ntxhov siab thib ob ntawm cov nroj tsuag photosynthesis thiab lub zog mechanisms, yog li txhawb nqa cov pa roj carbon zoo dua.

2.2. Osmotic Kho thiab Cog Dej Status

Nyob rau hauv dej tsis txaus, tsob nroj ABA synthesis induces stomatal kaw los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm Ca2+ nyob rau hauv lub guard cells, tiv thaiv dej poob. Cov kev cai ntawm stomatalaperture nyob rau hauv guard cells kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov kev qhia ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm SnRK2 gene tsev neeg uas kho ob qho tib si ABA-dependent thiab ywj siab teb [43,46].

Nyob rau hauv parallel, lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm solutes nquag koom nyob rau hauv dej kev nyuaj siab, xws li asproline [47], compensates rau poob rau hauv dej tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog txo cov dej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.

Nyob rau hauv primed Arabidopsis thaliana nroj tsuag, nce qhov loj ntawm cov cytosolic dawb Ca2+ cov lus teb rau tom qab osmotic kev nyuaj siab tau raug pom thiab tuaj yeem koom nrog kev ua siab ntev rau kev ntxhov siab tom qab abiotic [36].

Virvoulet thiab Fromm [43] tau qhia tias ob qho tib si lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab kev hloov pauv kev nco tau tshwm sim hauv Arabidopsisthaliana tus neeg saib xyuas lub hlwb hauv kev teb rau kev rov ua kom lub cev qhuav dej. Ntxiv mus, transcriptomeanalyses raws li rov ua dua kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv Zea tej zaum yuav qhia tau hais tias ib tug loj feem ntawm lub [-/-] thiab [+/+] nco genes encoded proteins nrog daim nyias nyias-kev ua haujlwm xws li dehydrins [+/+], transmembrane transporters rau inorganic phosphateand sucrose. [−/−], thiab regulators ntawm dej thiab poov tshuaj uptake thiab thauj [26].

Ib yam li ntawd, cov enzymes koom nrog osmolyte synthesis thiab proline biosynthesis tau encodedby [+/+], [−/+] thiab [+/−] nco noob hauv ob qho tib si Arabidopsis thaliana thiab Zea mays [25,26].

Nyob rau hauv primed Oryza sativa cov nroj tsuag, proline tsub zuj zuj ntau dua piv rau naïveplants [31], uas yuav pab tau rau kev txhim kho cov nplooj dej muaj peev xwm thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov nroj tsuag dej thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej drought.

2.3. Cellular Protective Functions: Detoxifying Systems thiab Chaperones

Kev tiv thaiv thiab detoxifying muaj nuj nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag kev nyuaj siab nco vim hais tias lawv txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm drought-induced oxidative kev nyuaj siab los ntawm kev tswj cellularmetabolism.

Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Abid thiab cov neeg koom tes [28–30] tau pom nyob rau hauv Triticum aestivum nroj tsuag uas priming enhanced photoprotection thaum lub sij hawm thib ob kev ntxhov siab los ntawm ib tug zoo detoxifyingsystem. Qhov no suav nrog qis dua cov pa oxygen (ROS) tsub zuj zuj thiab lipid peroxidation, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab dua ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant xws li catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thiab superoxide dismutase.

Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv primed Silene dioica cov nroj tsuag, chlorophyll a / b piv yog siab dua tom qab kev ntxhov siab dua li tom qab ib qho kev ntxhov siab, tawm tswv yim txo qis hauv ROS ntau lawm thiab cov duab-oxidative kev nyuaj siab yog tias muaj kev ntxhov siab tom qab tshwm sim [48].

Hauv Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea maysand Glycine max, [+/+] nco genes encoded proteins ntsig txog kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm (dehydrins, HSP, chaperones cuam tshuam rau hauv cov protein folding) thiab metabolic enzymes rau kev sib txuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv molecules (ie, osmolytes) [25,26. ].

Nroj tsuag dej kev nyuaj siab nco yog li yuav txhim kho lub detoxifying system ua tsaug rau txhim kho antioxidant enzyme kev ua si thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo zog ntawm chaperoneproteins, cia cov nroj tsuag los txhim kho lawv cov lus teb rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab sustainprotein kev ua.

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