Abstract

Keeb kwm: Cov koom haum phytochemical thiab cov dej num lom neeg ntawm Rosa rugosa Thunb. var. Plena Regal paj cell Sap (RFCS) tau tshawb xyuas.

Raws li kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam,cistancheyog ib hom tshuaj ntsuab uas hu ua "cov tshuaj ntsuab miracle uas ua rau lub neej ntev". Nws lub ntsiab tivthaiv yogcistanoside, uas muaj ntau yam teebmeem xws liantioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thiabkev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm txhawb nqa. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cistanche thiab tawv nqaij dawb yog nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv antioxidant ntawm cistancheglycosides. Melanin nyob rau hauv tib neeg daim tawv nqaij yog tsim los ntawm oxidation ntawm tyrosine catalyzed los ntawmtyrosinase, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation yuav tsum muaj kev koom tes ntawm oxygen, yog li cov pa oxygen dawb radicals hauv lub cev dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.cuam ​​tshuam rau melanin ntau lawm. Cistanche muaj cistanoside, uas yog ib qho antioxidant thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov tsim ntawm cov dawb radicals hauv lub cev, yog liinhibiting melanin ntau lawm.

Nyem rau Cistanche ntsiav tshuaj Cov txiaj ntsig

Yog xav paub ntxiv:

david.deng@wecistanche.com WhatApp:86 13632399501

Txoj kev:Cov khoom tsis haum, xws li linalool, phenylethyl cawv, citronellol, thiab -bisabolol, tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm GCMS. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm hyperoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinosid, rutin, thiab luteolin nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid hauv RFCS tau txiav txim los ntawm HPLC thiab HPLC-MS. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus polyphenol raug soj ntsuam los ntawm Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. Kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm RFCS thiab cov qauv raug soj ntsuam los ntawm DPPH thiab ABTS radical scavenging assays. Lub tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm cov qauv Rose thiab cov qauv tshuaj tau txiav txim los ntawm ib txoj kev spectrophotometric. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm RFCs tau raug soj ntsuam raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentrations (MICs) thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) lossis tsawg kawg Fungicidal concentrations (MFCs).

Cov txiaj ntsig:Rose feem ntau nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov khoom xyaw lom neeg lom zem. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm volatile compounds nyob rau hauv RFCS yog kwv yees li 48.21 ± 2.76 ng / mL. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic acid thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid yog 0.31 ± 0.01 mg/mL thiab 0.43 ± 0.01 mg/mL, raws li. Nws tus nqi IC50 hauv DPPH kev soj ntsuam yog 1120 ± 42 ug / mL, thiab nws cov nqi IC50 rau ABTS radical scavenging kev ua si yog 1430 ± 42 ug / mL.RFCS muaj zog inhibited L-tyrosine oxidation nrog IC50 tus nqi ntawm 570 ug / mL. . Txhua qhov sib xyaw uas tau txheeb xyuas hauv RFCS tau nthuav tawm dav-spectrum antimicrobial kev ua haujlwm. F. nucleatum feem ntau raug rau RFCS nrog MIC ntawm 64 ug / mL thiab MBC ntawm 250 ug / mL.

Cov lus xaus:Vim nws cov aroma zoo li sawv, phenylethyl cawv tuaj yeem ua ke nrog linalool rau kev siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tawv nqaij dawb thiab cov khoom siv tawv nqaij hauv kev lag luam tshuaj.

Ntsiab lus:RFCS, Phytochemical constituents, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no

Keeb kwm

Lub paj ntawm Rosa rugosa Thunb. var. plena Regal tsis yog tsuas yog siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab xwb tab sis kuj tau siv los ua zaub mov noj qab haus huv thiab tshuaj hauv cov tebchaws Esxias ntau txhiab xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, roses muaj cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, xws li cov roj tseem ceeb, polyphenols, flavonoids, thiab anthocyanin, uas paub txog lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, hypoglycemic, thiab cov haujlwm antioxidant [1-4]. Roses tuaj yeem noj tau ntau yam, xws li cov tshuaj yej sawv, cov ncuav qab zib sawv, thiab cov roj sawv. Kev tsim cov tshuaj yej los yog cov paj qhuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov paj ntoo (Rosa rugosa cv. Plena) yields ib condensate hu ua "rose paj cell sap" (RFCS). Kev pov tseg ntawm RFCS sawv cev rau kev pov tseg zoo ntawm cov peev txheej vim nws cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm polyphenols thiab cov roj tseem ceeb sawv, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntau heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev pov tseg tsis raug ntawm RFCS vim tias nws nyuaj rau decompose. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj tseem ceeb thiab polyphenols yog cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab zaub mov. Kev ziab ntawm 1 kg ntawm raw rose petals los yog paj bud khoom yuav ua tau kwv yees li 0.2 L ntawm condensate. Kwv yees li ntawm 40,000 kg ntawm paj buds thiab 20,{10}} kg ntawm petals yog siv rau ib lub voj voog ntawm industrial microwave-drying nyob rau hauv Pingyin ib leeg. Txog niaj hnub no, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm txoj hauv kev tsim nyog rau kev pov tseg ntawm RFCS thiab cov tshuaj bioactive muaj nyob rau hauv.

Rose roj distillation khib nyiab (RODW) yog lwm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov paj qhuav qhuav los tsim cov roj Rose. Hauv cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, RODW tau ua kom muaj zog los ua kom muaj cov tshuaj polyphenol-enriched residue uas tsis muaj cov phenolic compounds [5]. Ntxiv mus, cov polyphenol feem ntawm RODW tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau nceb tyrosinase (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.41 ug / mL) [6]. Yog li, polyphenols hauv RODW tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv bioactive los txo cov tawv nqaij.

Cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov zaub mov ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv hauv ntau lab tus tib neeg thiab txawm tias ntau pua tus neeg tuag txhua xyoo hauv Tebchaws Meskas ib leeg, thiab tus nqi cuam tshuam tag nrho kwv yees li $ 2.4 billion [7]. Yog li, qhov kev thov nce ntxiv rau kev noj qab haus huv, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo tau tshwm sim rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv ntau yam, ib txwm tsim cov khoom noj ntxiv. Txawm hais tias Rose roj feem ntau muaj cov roj tseem ceeb uas paub txog lawv cov haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob [8], cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm RFCs tsis tau tshawb xyuas.

Cov phenolic tebchaw thiab volatile tshuaj nyob rau hauv paj muaj zog lom kev ua si xws li antioxidant thiab tyrosinase inhibitory teebmeem [9]. Txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv rau inhibiting tyrosinase kev ua si yog ib qho chaw ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam vim tyrosinase cov nyhuv whitening thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau browning [10, 11]. Antioxidants tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv xws li mob qog noj ntshav, kev laus, thiab atherosclerosis los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) [12]. Qee cov tshuaj antioxidants, xws li ascorbic acid, kuj tau tshaj tawm tias muaj cov nyhuv whitening [11].

Hauv peb qhov kev sim ua ntej, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, thiab tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm RODW los ntawm Rosa rugosa Thunb. var. Plena Regal tau soj ntsuam [13]. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ntawv ceeb toom hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog phytochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm RFCs los ntawm Rosa rugosa cv. Plena. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, (1) cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov phenolics, flavonoids, tag nrho cov khoom thiab volatile ntsiab lus raug soj ntsuam; (2) cov tshuaj tua kab mob (rau hom) thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (ib hom kab mob), tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, thiab tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm txhua qhov active compound thiab RFCS raug kuaj. Peb cov txiaj ntsig yuav pab txhim kho tus nqi ntawm Roses hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj [13–16].

Cov txheej txheem

Tshuaj

Phenylethyl cawv, -bisabolol, -terpineol, citronellol, miconazole nitrate, hydrochloride tetracycline, menthol, thiab camphor tau yuav los ntawm J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing). Kojic acid, hyperoside, quercetin, gallic acid, kaempferol-3-O-acetylglucosylrhamnoside, thiab kaempferol-3-O-glucoside tau yuav los ntawm Sigma (Shanghai, Suav). Anaerobic blood agar base medium (CDC), actinomycete broth medium (GAM broth), hlwb plawv infusion (BHI) broth, thiab as-ham agar tau txais los ntawm Suolaibao Biotech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, Tuam Tshoj). Cov tshuaj ntxiv yog analytical lossis chromatographic qib.

Kev npaj ua qauv 

RFCS of Rosa rugosa Thunb. var. Plena Regal tau txais los ntawm Fragrant Rose Biological Technology Co., LTD hauv Pingyin. Cov qauv raug lim los ntawm 0.42 μm microfiltration membrane ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm RFCS tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ua kom qhuav. Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm Rosa rugosa Thunb. var. plena Regal tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij agronomist Guo thiab tau lees paub hauv daim ntawv pov thawj (Ser. No. 0712) tso rau ntawm Herbarium, Pingyin Institute of Rose Sciences.

HPLC tsom xam

Qhov concentration ntawm polyphenol muaj nyob rau hauv cov extract tau txiav txim los ntawm HPLC thiab UV tsom xam. HPLC apparatus yog LC-20Ib HPLC system (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Nyiv), thiab nws tau nruab nrog Ultrasphere 5 C18 kem (4.6 hli × 250 hli, Ultrasphere Co., Ltd., Berkshire, UK ). Cov theem ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes yog gradient elution ntawm dej (A) thiab acetonitrile (B) thiab tau programmed raws li nram no: pib nrog 10 feem pua ​​B rau 10 min, 10–25 feem pua ​​B ntawm 15 thiab 20 min, 25–30 feem pua ​​B ntawm 20 thiab 25 min, 30–60 feem pua ​​B ntawm 25 thiab 50 min, 60–10 feem pua ​​B ntawm 50 thiab 51 feeb, thiab 10 feem pua ​​B ntawm 51 thiab 55 feeb. Tus nqi ntws ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau khaws cia ntawm 1 mL / min, lub ntsuas ntsuas lub wavelength tau teeb tsa ntawm 350 nm, kem qhov cub tau teem rau ntawm 25 degree, thiab cov qauv txhaj tshuaj yog 10 μL.

HPLC-ESI-MS cov xwm txheej

Cov ntaub ntawv electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) tau kaw rau ntawm Agilent-LC-1100 ntsuas (Agilent, USA). Cov xwm txheej HPLC rau HPLC-ESI-MS tsom xam tau raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cov kev ntsuas ESI tau raws li hauv qab no: cov roj sib tsoo (N2) tus nqi ntws tau khaws cia ntawm 10 mL / min, kem qhov cub yog 25 degree, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais hauv qhov tsis zoo ion hom [MH] −, scans tau ua dhau m / z 50 -2000, cov tshuaj tsuag hluav taws xob yog 4.5 kV, capillary voltage yog 10 V, thiab capillary kub yog 250 degree. Cov khoom hauv cov qauv tau txheeb xyuas raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv loj spectral thiab lub sijhawm khaws cia.

GC/MS tsom xam

Cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb hauv RFCS tau txiav txim siab los ntawm Shimadzu GC/MS qauv QP2010 Ultra system nruab nrog Rtx-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm, zaj duab xis thickness 0.25 μm) capillary kem. Qhov kev pab cuam qhov cub yog raws li nram no: pib ntawm 60 degree, cua sov mus rau 120 degree ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1.7 degree C / min, cua sov rau 200 degree ntawm 2.5 degree / min, cua sov rau 260 degree ntawm tus nqi ntawm 8 degree / min, thiab Thaum kawg tuav ntawm 260 degree rau 2 min. Helium tau siv los ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide, thiab qhov ntws tawm yog 1.0 mL / min. Lub injector thiab ntsuas kub tau tuav ntawm 250 degree thiab 280 degree, feem. Kev txhaj tshuaj sib cais tau ua nyob rau hauv hom kev sib cais. Qhov kub ntawm ion yog 250 degree thiab nws lub zog ionization yog 70 eV. Qhov loj yog 35-500 Da. Cov khoom hauv cov qauv tau txheeb xyuas raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv loj spectral thiab lub sijhawm khaws cia.

Kev npaj cov qauv nkhaus

Kev daws teeb meem ntawm phenylethyl cawv (2.23 mg), -bisabolol (2.1 mg), -terpineol (5.23 mg), citronellol (1.52 mg), menthol (1.32 mg), thiab camphor tau cais tawm hauv 1 mL ntawm acetonitrile. Tom ntej no, cov kev daws teeb meem hauv Tshuag tau diluted los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kaum txhiab mus rau ib billion nrog ethyl acetate, thiab 1 μL ntawm txhua tus qauv raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm GS / MS. Kev daws ntawm kojic acid (1.12 mg), hyperoside (1.07 mg), quercetin (1.07 mg), gallic acid (1.29 mg), thiab kaempferol -3-O-acetylglucosylrhamnoside (1.15 mg) tau cais tawm hauv 1 mL ntawm methyl cawv. Cov kev daws teeb meem tau diluted los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm 2 nrog methyl cawv, thiab 10 μL ntawm txhua qhov tshuaj tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm HPLC. Txhua qhov concentration ntawm kev ua haujlwm daws tau raug tshuaj xyuas peb zaug. Cov calibration curves tau npaj raws li qhov chaw siab tshaj tawm tsam qhov concentration ntawm txhua tus qauv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv txhua tus qauv yog xam los ntawm cov calibration curves.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm tag nrho cov phenolics, flavonoids, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus

Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm RFCS raug soj ntsuam los ntawm Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method [17]. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj phenolic tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv rau tus qauv nkhaus ntawm gallic acid. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid ntawm RFCS cov qauv raug soj ntsuam los ntawm HPLC, uas muab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj flavonoid xeem. Ib 10-mL qauv ntawm RFCS tau khov-qhuav los txiav txim siab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Txhua qhov kev txiav txim tau ua tiav hauv triplicate.

Antioxidant zog

DPPH radical scavenging kev ua si

Kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm RFCS thiab cov qauv tau soj ntsuam los ntawm DPPH radical scavenging kev ua si siv cov hloov kho me ntsis ntawm ib txoj kev qhia yav dhau los [18]. Luv luv, 10 μL aliquots ntawm cov qauv Rose (1000 ug/mL rau 62.5 ug/mL) tau tov nrog 190 μL ntawm 50 feem pua ​​​​ethanol uas muaj 0.4 mM DPPH thiab incubated nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti rau 30 feeb. Aliquots (100 μL) ntawm cov supernatants raug xa mus rau hauv 96-zoo microplate, thiab qhov nqus ntawm txhua tus tau sau tseg ntawm 517 nm siv Spectramax Plus384 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, California, USA). Ascorbic acid (1000 ug / mL rau 0.05 ug / mL) tau siv los ua kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo, thiab cov tshuaj DPPH uas tsis muaj cov qauv siv los ua kev tswj tsis zoo. IC50 qhov tseem ceeb, uas sawv cev rau qhov ntau ntawm cov qauv sawv cev thiab cov qauv khoom siv uas 50 feem pua ​​​​ntawm DPPH radical raug txwv, tau txiav txim siab. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate, thiab feem pua ​​​​ntawm DPPH scavenging yog xam los ntawm kev sib npaug hauv qab no.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm ABTS radical scavenging

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ABTS ntawm RFCS tau ua raws li kev hloov kho ntawm txoj kev qhia yav dhau los [19]. Luv luv, cov kev daws teeb meem tau tsim los ntawm kev sib tov sib npaug ntawm 7.4 mM ABTS● ntxiv rau cov tshuaj thiab 2.6 mM potassium persulfate tov, thiab cov sib tov yog incubated ntawm chav tsev kub rau 12 h nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj sib npaug nrog 1 mL ntawm ABTS● ntxiv rau kev daws nrog 50 feem pua ​​​​ethanol ua haujlwm zoo. Lub absorbance ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm 734 nm yog 1.17 ± 0 02 units. Aliquots (10 μL) ntawm cov qauv Rose (1000 ug / mL rau 62.5 ug / mL) tau tov nrog 1.0 mL ntawm diluted ABTS• ntxiv rau kev daws. Qhov sib tov yog sib xyaw ua ke thiab incubated ntawm 30 degree rau 30 min. Tom qab ntawd lub absorbance yog ntsuas ntawm 520 nm nrog ib tug excitation wavelength ntawm 734 nm siv lub spectrophotometer. Tus qauv zoo yog Trolox (2000 ug / mL rau 0.05 ug / mL).

Inhibition(%)={(Absorbance of blank - Absorbance of sample)/Absorbance of blank} × 100

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua haujlwm

Lub tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm cov qauv Rose thiab cov qauv tshuaj tau txiav txim los ntawm ib txoj kev spectrophotometric [17]. Ua ntej, 300 μL aliquots ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv (1000 ug/mL rau 62.5 ug/mL) ntawm txhua tus qauv tau diluted nrog 700 μL ntawm 0.175 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), tom qab ntawd 1.0 mL ntawm 10 mM DOPA tov thiab 1.0 mL ntawm nceb tyrosinase (220 units / mL) ntxiv. Ethanol (300 μL, 50 feem pua) thiab kojic acid (2000 ug / mL rau 0.1 ug / mL) tau siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv dawb huv thiab cov qauv zoo, raws li. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw yog vortexed thiab khaws cia ntawm 37 degree rau 15 min, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov kev nqus siab tshaj plaws ntawm dopachrome (teem ntawm 479 nm) tau ntsuas los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv microplate (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, California, USA). Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate, thiab tus nqi ntawm tyrosinase inhibition kev ua haujlwm raug xam raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no.

Antimicrobial zog

Antibacterial thiab antifungal kev soj ntsuam

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau ntsuas los ntawm txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Xue [20]. Txhua hom kab mob tau txais los ntawm Guangdong Microbiology Culture Center (Guangzhou, Suav). Listeria ivanovii (ATCC 19119) yog kab lis kev cai hauv BHI, Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 14028) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), thiab Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) tau coj mus rau hauv cov zaub mov agar (NA) rau 274 teev thiab ntawm 3 teev. Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) yog kab lis kev cai hauv PHB ntawm 37 degree rau 24 teev. Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 6919) thiab Fusobacterium nuclear um (ATCC 10953) tau coj mus kuaj hauv CDC agar ntawm 37 degree rau 48 h hauv YQX-II anaerobic incubator (Shanghai, Suav). Qhov kawg ntawm tes suav hauv l mL ntawm broth yog kwv yees li 106 colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Ib qho 10 mg / mL daws ntawm miconazole nitrate thiab hydrochloride tetracycline hauv dej tau siv los ua kev tswj hwm zoo tiv thaiv cov kab mob thiab kab mob, raws li.

Kev txiav txim siab yam tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentration (MIC) thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus bactericidal concentration (MBC) lossis yam tsawg kawg nkaus fungicidal concentration (MFC)

MIC thiab MBC lossis MFC qhov tseem ceeb tau txiav txim siab raws li tau piav qhia dhau los los ntawm Xue. Luv luv, 100 μL dilutions (kwv yees li 100, 000 CFU/mL) ntawm Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, thiab Candida albicans nyob rau hauv nutrient broth thiab Listeria ivanoiculated cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob Protocol. daim hlau. Tom qab ntawd, 100 μL aliquots ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau ntxiv tom qab ob-fold serial dilution nrog nutrient broth (los ntawm 2 mg / mL mus rau 3 ug / mL). Broths nrog 5 feem pua ​​(v/v) DMSO tau siv los tswj. Petri tais diav tau incubated ntawm 37 degree rau 24 teev tshwj tsis yog rau Propionibacterium acnes thiab Fusobacterium nucleatum, uas tau incubated ntawm 37 degree rau 48 teev. MIC tau sau tseg raws li qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv uas tsis pom kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab MBC lossis MFC qhov tseem ceeb rau tsis muaj kab mob los yog fungus loj hlob, 10 μL ntawm sub-inhibitory concentrations ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau incubated rau CDC lossis GMA agar daim hlau rau 24 lossis 48 teev. Txhua qhov kev txiav txim tau ua tiav hauv triplicate.

Cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam

Cov ntaub ntawv raug nthuav tawm raws li qhov txhais tau tias ntawm peb qhov kev hloov pauv ± tus qauv sib txawv. Ib-txoj kev ANOVA nrog Duncan ntau qhov kev xeem tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig nrog SPSS 13.0 thiab Sigma Plot 100, raws li, siv lub computer (Lenovo, Yangtian B 41) nruab nrog Win 7 operating system. Ib tug p-tus nqi ntawm <0.05 tau txiav txim siab los ua qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj volatile

Txij li cov qauv RFCS muaj cov tshuaj tsw qab tshwj xeeb, peb tau txheeb xyuas thiab sib piv cov khoom tsis haum ntawm nws cov ethyl acetate extract. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tsis hloov pauv ntawm ethyl acetate extract ntawm RFCS tau txiav txim siab los ntawm GC / MS thiab tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev sib piv rau plaub tus qauv nkhaus, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias yog ng / mL.

Rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau raug txheeb xyuas ib txhij raws li lawv cov txheej txheem tuav lub sij hawm thiab MS ion fragments. GC chromatograms ntawm cov khoom siv hauv RFCs tau qhia hauv daim duab 1. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus hauv txhua tus qauv yog nthuav tawm hauv Table 1. Raws li pom hauv daim duab 1, rau lub tebchaw tau ua tiav tiav raws li qhov kev ntsuas kub ntawm gradient. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm volatile compounds nyob rau hauv RFCS yog kwv yees li 48.21 ± 2.76 ng / mL, thiab rau 6 yam loj ntawm volatile compounds, nrog rau phenylethyl cawv (40.48 ± 2.24 ng / mL), citronellol (7.83 ± {{ 16}}.77 ng/mL), -bisabolol ({18}}.08 ± 0.01 ng/mL) thiab phenylethyl acetate (11.20 ± 0.89 ng/mL) tau txheeb xyuas (ob lub ncov tsis tau txheeb xyuas thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm linalool yog tsawg). Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm cov tshuaj tsis haum hauv RODW, GC-MS, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog HS-SPME / GC / MS, cov tswv yim tau siv dav [13, 21–24]. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm cov volatile tebchaw, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv RFCS yog monoterpene alcohols (citronellol, linalool, thiab phenylethyl cawv, uas yog tshwj xeeb rau cov roses me). Cov hom ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv RFCs zoo ib yam li cov RODW, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom [13]. Ib qho laj thawj rau qhov sib txawv no yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tsis hloov pauv tau poob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj yej kom qhuav.

Tag nrho phenolic, flavonoid, thiab cov ntsiab lus khoom

Cov flavonoids, lawv lub sijhawm khaws cia, thiab cov calibration curves ntawm cov qauv sib txuas hauv RFCS, raws li kev txiav txim siab siv HPLC, tau qhia hauv daim duab 2. Plaub lub tebchaw tau ua tiav tiav raws li qhov kev ntsuas kub gradient, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2. Lub linearity ntawm calibration curves thiab regression coefficients ntawm flavonoids tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 2. Nws tau pom tias cov ntaub ntawv siv tau pom zoo linearity (R2 Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.997). RFCS tau pom tias muaj peb yam tseem ceeb, uas yog, hyperoside (0.18 ± 0.01 mg/mL), kaempferol{{10}}O -rutinoted (0.12 ± 0.{{20}}1 mg/mL), thiab rutin (0.23 ± 0. 01 mg/mL). Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid yog 0.31 ± 0.01 mg / mL thiab 0.43 ± 0.01 mg / mL, feem. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm RFCS yog 1.45 ± 0.04 mg / mL.

Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm tias cov tshuaj phenolic thiab flavonoid tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj yej rosea yog gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, thiab quercetin thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus polyphenol thiab flavonoid cov ntsiab lus hauv Rosa rugosa tshuaj yej polyphenol extract yog 875.2 mg / g thiab 610.3 mg / g. , raws li [1]. Tsis tas li ntawd, rutin, mulflorin B, hyperoside, kaempferol, thiab ellagic acid kuj pom nyob rau hauv cov seem ntawm RODW [6]. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis zoo li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, txawm hais tias peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau siv HPLC-MS los txiav txim siab cov phenol thiab flavonoid tebchaw hauv RODW, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, kaempferol-3-O-rutinosid, tau pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no thiab cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los [6 , 13] ib. Tsis muaj cov tshuaj phe nol tau kuaj pom hauv RFCS los ntawm HPLC feem ntau vim tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenols thiab flavonoids hauv RFCS tsawg heev, thiab yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm HPLC. Cov khib nyiab hauv RFCS yog sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom me me.

Antioxidant muaj peev xwm 

Table 3 nthuav qhia DPPH IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm RFCS thiab cov qauv sib txuas. Cov flavonoids nrog IC50 qhov tseem ceeb <1 ug/mL, suav nrog hyperoside (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.695 ± 0.021 ug/mL ), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.808 ± 0.024 ug/mL) , rutin (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.715 ± {{60}}}017 ug/mL), thiab luteolin (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.507 ± 0.015 ug/mL), pom muaj zog DPPH radical scavenging kev ua ub no tshaj RFCS (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 1120 ± 42 ug/mL). Tib cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog, xws li linalool, phenylethyl cawv, citronellol, thiab -bisabolol, tau pom tias tsis muaj zog radical scavenging ua si nrog IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm > 10,000 ug/mL. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm ntau yam khoom ntuj tsim, suav nrog cov ntoo sawv, tau raug ntaus nqi rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenolic tebchaw [25, 26]. ABTS radical assay kuj tseem siv los ntsuas cov kev ua si ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm hydrogen-dawb thiab chain-breaking antioxidants hauv ntau cov khoom ntuj [27, 28]. Raws li qhia hauv Table. 3, ABTS radical scavenging kev ua ub no ntawm ib lub tebchaw thiab RFCS tau qhia ua ug/mL. Raws li kev ua haujlwm yav dhau los, flavonoids nthuav tawm ntau dua los tiv thaiv radical kev ua ub no thiab muaj peev xwm antioxidant ntau dua li cov tebchaw tsis muaj zog [8, 13]. Hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ABTS scavenging zoo ib yam li DPPH; flavonoid tebchaw nrog IC50 qhov tseem ceeb <1 ug/mL, suav nrog hyperoside (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.526 ± 0.014 ug/mL), kaempferol -3-O-rutinoside (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.719 ± 0.016 ug/mL), tus nqi rutin (mL5), ntawm 0.621 ± 0.024 ug / mL), thiab luteolin (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.436 ± 0.026 ug / mL), pom muaj zog ABTS radical scavenging kev ua ub no tshaj RFCS (IC50 tus nqi ntawm 1430 ± 49 ug / mL). Tib cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog, xws li linalool, phenylethyl cawv, citronellol, thiab -bisabolol, tau nthuav tawm cov kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog (IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm> 10,000 ug/mL).

Tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no

Tyrosinase yog ib qho khoom siv tooj liab uas muaj cov enzyme uas muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob fungi, tsiaj txhu, thiab cov nroj tsuag [29]. Tyrosinase muaj ob qho kev ua haujlwm enzyme, uas yog, kev ua haujlwm monophenolase thiab diphenolase kev ua haujlwm [30]. Peb tau tshawb nrhiav thawj zaug ntawm tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm nceb tyrosinase. Raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no, RFCS tau pom muaj zog tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no nrog IC50 tus nqi ntawm 570 ± 21 ug / mL (Table 3). Cov tshuaj tsis hloov pauv, suav nrog linalool, phenylethyl cawv, citronellol, thiab -bisabolol, kuj tau pom cov tshuaj tyrosinase inhibitory cuam tshuam nrog IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 730 ± 44 ug / mL, 315 ± 13 ug / mL, 825 ± 31 thiab 635 ± 22 ug / mL, feem. Tag nrho cov flavonoid tebchaw, uas yog, hyperoside, kaempferol{18}}O-rutinosid, thiab txawm tias rutin muaj zog tshaj kojic acid (80 ± 17 ug / mL), thiab lawv txhua tus muaj IC50 qhov tseem ceeb hauv qab 1 ug / mL. Zoo ib yam li tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Solimine, cov polyphenol-enriched feem ntawm RODW, uas muaj flavonoid tebchaw, qhia pom tseeb tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua si nrog IC50 tus nqi ntawm 0.41 ± 0.01 ug / mL [6]. Lub caij no, tyrosinase inhibitory teebmeem ntawm RFCS muaj zog dua RODW los ntawm Pingyin [13]. Cov ntsiab lus flavonoid pab txhawb rau tag nrho tyrosinase inhibitory nyhuv ntawm RODW.

Antimicrobial kev ua ub no

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov kab sib txawv ntawm cov paj ntoo, RFCS, thiab cov qauv tshuaj tua kab mob (tetracycline thiab hydrochloride) tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 4. F. nucleatum feem ntau raug rau RFCS thiab pom MIC ntawm 64 ug / mL thiab MBC ntawm 250 ug/ml. MIC qhov tseem ceeb rau RFCS tawm tsam P. acnes thiab S. aureus yog 125 ug / mL. MIC qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lwm cov kab mob yog 250 ug / mL. MIC thiab MBC lossis MFC qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cuaj lub hauv paus ntawm RFCS tau txiav txim siab los txheeb xyuas cov neeg koom nrog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm RFCS. L. ivanovii thiab F. nucleatum tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau tshaj rau -bisabolol, thiab lawv tau pom MIC qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 8 ug / mL thiab MBC qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 32 ug / mL tawm tsam cov tsiaj no (Table 4). Tom qab -bisabolol, phenylethyl cawv tau pom qhov qis tshaj MIC thiab MBC lossis MFC qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm RFCS. Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb dua li cov tshuaj flavonoid hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm RFCS.

Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm ntau feem ntawm Rose tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws [8, 28, 31]. Cov roj tseem ceeb thiab ntau yam rho tawm ntawm sawv, suav nrog cov aqueous extract, ethanol extract, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate feem, thiab butanol feem, nthuav tawm dav-spectrum antimicrobial kev ua ub no. Tsuas yog cov ethyl acetate feem, Rose tseem ceeb roj yog qhov sib piv ntau dua tawm tsam cov kab mob kuaj [28]. Cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov roses muaj cov qib siab ntawm polyphenols thiab phenylethyl cawv, uas ua rau muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev [8]. Vim tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj tsis hloov pauv hauv RODW siab dua RFCS, cov nyhuv antimicrobial ntawm RODW zoo dua RFCS [13]. Cov feem ntau polyphenolic-enriched los ntawm ru gosa tshuaj yej tuaj yeem inhibit Escherichia coli thiab Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing thiab biofilm formatiosignificancen [1]. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm qee cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov roj Roses xws li linalool, citronellol, thiab geraniol tau lees paub [32, 33]. Txog niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm RFCS ntawm R. Fenghua tsis tau raug tshuaj xyuas. Qhov txiaj ntsig no qhia meej meej txog qhov tseeb tias cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm phenylethyl cawv thiab lwm yam khoom tsis haum rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm RFCS [34].

Cov lus xaus

Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias muaj zog antioxidant, anti-microbial, thiab tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm RFCS. Vim yog lub aroma ntawm phenylethyl cawv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no thiab antimicrobial nyhuv tawm tsam S. enteritidis subspecies enteritidis, C. albicans, thiab P. acnes, RFCS yuav siv tau raws li ib tug natural skin-whitening thiab daim tawv nqaij additives. hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim nws cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob L. ivanovii, S. subspecies, E. coli, thiab S. aureus, RFCS tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj lag luam.

Kev lees paub

Ua tsaug rau Fragrant Rose Biological Technology Co., LTD hauv Pingyin rau kev muab RFCS.

Nyiaj txiag

Txoj haujlwm no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Ginseng Planting Resource Collection thiab Innovation (No. 20151FDA31290).

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv

Cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab/lossis tshuaj xyuas thaum lub sijhawm kawm tam sim no muaj los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv raws li qhov kev thov tsim nyog.

Cov neeg sau ntawv pab txhawb

GR, GZ, thiab PX tau tsim txoj kev kawm. GR thiab GZ yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv nkag. PX thiab XS tau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab sau cov ntawv sau. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo cov ntawv sau kawg.

Kev pom zoo ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab kev tso cai los koom

Tshooj lus no tsis muaj cov kev tshawb fawb nrog tib neeg cov neeg koom lossis cov tsiaj ua los ntawm ib tus kws sau ntawv thiab tsis muaj kev pom zoo los koom nrog.

Tso cai rau kev tshaj tawm

Tsis siv tau.

Kev nyiam sib tw

Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis muaj kev nyiam sib tw.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature tseem nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev txiav txim plaub ntug hauv daim duab qhia kev tshaj tawm thiab cov koom haum koom nrog.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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