Kev piav qhia ntxaws piv piv Extract Standard Extract Thiab Standard Detection
Jun 21, 2023
Cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau tsis meej meej txog cov txheej txheem rho tawm, faib ua ke, thiab cov hmoov nyoos. Lawv cov qauv yog dab tsi? Lub hauv paus rau kev sim yog dab tsi? Kuv tsis paub yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv, los yog tsuas yog dig muag nrhiav tus nqi qis. Hnub no kuv yuav muab lus teb rau lo lus nug no.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov nroj tsuag rho tawm thiab cov qauv rho tawm feem ntau yog xa mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom xyaw (cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb) ntawm cov nroj tsuag raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, xws li kudzu cag ua piv txwv.
Cistanche Extract 30 feem pua Echinacoside-Nyem mus yuav
Cov qauv zoo ntawm kudzu cag hauv Pharmacopoeia yog:
Gegen PUERARIA E LOBATA E RADI X Cov khoom no yog cov cag qhuav ntawm Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi, cov nroj tsuag leguminous. Paub li kudzu. Excavated nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no, txiav mus rau hauv tuab slices los yog me me pieces thaum tshiab; qhuav.
Kev txiav txim siab Precisely kos 1ul txhua ntawm cov tshuaj siv tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, txhaj rau hauv cov kua chromatograph, ntsuas nws, thiab tau txais. Muab xam raws li cov khoom qhuav, cov khoom no muaj tsis pub tsawg tshaj 2.4 feem pua ntawm puerarin (C 2 1 H 2 . 0 9 ).
Cia peb saib cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm puerarin hauv cov khoom siv raw los ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb.
Puerarin siv puerarin raws li tus qauv, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj feem ntau yog 2.5-3.5 feem pua (nws txawv nrog txawv keeb kwm). Yog li ntawd, qhov concentration ratio yog raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm puerarin. Piv txwv li, 30 feem pua puerarin yog li ntawm 9-10 npaug ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj qub. Cov ntsiab lus flavonoid ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj yog kwv yees li 10 feem pua (2010 Pharmacopoeia UV nrhiav tau)
Raws li qhov ratio ntawm extracts; tseem coj Pueraria hauv paus ua piv txwv, piv txwv li, qhov piv ntawm Pueraria hauv paus yog 5: 1. Qhov kev npaj tshwj xeeb yog siv 100 kg ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj thawj zaug kom mloog zoo rau 20 kg, uas yog hu ua 5 zaug concentrated;
Feem ntau, qhov poob ntawm cov khoom cog thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem concentration ntawm cov extract, xws li kev hloov xim, hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm qab zib, thiab lwm yam, yuav yooj yim hloov nws cov xim. Tau kawg, qhov saj kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv vim qhov poob ntawm cov roj tsis hloov pauv thiab cov roj-soluble Cheebtsam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los siv qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb los txiav txim tus qauv ntawm cov khoom xyaw concentrated. Cov xim thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab tuaj yeem ua cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke (pigments, sweeteners) kom tsis meej pem qhov kev txiav txim.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb ntawm qhov piv txwv yog los ntawm TLC. Txoj kev no yog siv los txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Kev tswj xyuas feem ntau ntawm TLC yog cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuaj (tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau kev siv hauv tsev) kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj (tsob ntoo) lossis tsis yog. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv piv txwv rho los tshuaj xyuas lawv qhov traceability. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov qauv rau kev kuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb.
Puerarin siv puerarin raws li tus qauv, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj feem ntau yog 2.5-3.5 feem pua (nws txawv nrog txawv keeb kwm). Yog li ntawd, qhov concentration ratio yog raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm puerarin. Piv txwv li, 30 feem pua puerarin yog li ntawm 9-10 npaug ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj qub. Cov ntsiab lus flavonoid ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj yog kwv yees li 10 feem pua (2010 Pharmacopoeia UV nrhiav tau)
Raws li qhov ratio ntawm extracts; tseem coj Pueraria hauv paus ua piv txwv, piv txwv li, qhov piv ntawm Pueraria hauv paus yog 5: 1. Qhov kev npaj tshwj xeeb yog siv 100 kg ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj thawj zaug kom mloog zoo rau 20 kg, uas yog hu ua 5 zaug concentrated;
Feem ntau, qhov poob ntawm cov khoom cog thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem concentration ntawm cov extract, xws li kev hloov xim, hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm qab zib, thiab lwm yam, yuav yooj yim hloov nws cov xim. Tau kawg, qhov saj kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv vim qhov poob ntawm cov roj tsis hloov pauv thiab cov roj-soluble Cheebtsam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los siv qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb los txiav txim tus qauv ntawm cov khoom xyaw concentrated. Cov xim thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab tuaj yeem ua cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke (pigments, sweeteners) kom tsis meej pem qhov kev txiav txim.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb ntawm qhov piv txwv yog los ntawm TLC. Txoj kev no yog siv los txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Kev tswj xyuas feem ntau ntawm TLC yog cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuaj (tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau kev siv hauv tsev) kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj (tsob ntoo) lossis tsis yog. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv piv txwv rho los tshuaj xyuas lawv qhov traceability. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov qauv rau kev kuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb.
Tom qab ntawd peb txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem kev tshawb pom ntawm cov nroj tsuag dav dav, lawv qhov sib txawv yav dhau los thiab cov lus qhia kom paub meej
Tam sim no, feem ntau siv txoj kev siv hauv cov nroj tsuag rho tawm yog TLC, HPTLC, UV, HPLC, GC
1. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Kuj tseem hu ua nyias-txheej chromatography, nws kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kom pom qhov sib npaug. Nws yog ib txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb heev uas tuaj yeem sib cais sai thiab zoo txheeb xyuas cov khoom me me thiab yooj yim. Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm yog siv lub sijhawm nyob ruaj khov rau ntawm lub iav phaj, phaj yas lossis aluminium substrate los ua ib lub phaj nyias, muab cov qauv los soj ntsuam los yog sib cais ntawm nyias txheej, muab tso rau hauv lub tank kaw, thiab ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog Raws li lub sijhawm txawb nthuav dav, vim qhov kev ua ntawm capillary, cov kuab tshuaj yog nqus, txav mus rau ntawm lub phaj thiab ntws los ntawm tus qauv taw tes, thiab txhua yam hauv cov qauv taw tes yog tsav los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj mus rau pem hauv ntej. Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv, nws txawv ntawm qhov adsorption Cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv, yog li qhov kev txav mus los kuj txawv. Tom qab khiav mus rau ib qho kev ncua deb, cov khoom tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm ib leeg, thiab tom qab ntawd cov xim tsim los siv los tsim cov xim.
2. Qhov txawvntawm HPTLC thiab TLC yog tias cov khoom ntawm silica gel phaj txawv.
HPTLC silica gel phaj yog nyias dua, thiab nws qhov kev sib cais muaj peev xwm kuj muaj zog, yog li cov neeg siv khoom tau hais tias lawv siv HPTLC rau kev kuaj pom, thiab nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov kev tshawb pom qhov kawg.
Qhov zoo ntawm TLC, uas yog qhov peb tsom mus rau
Qhov zoo ntawm txheej nyias txheej chromatography tshuab: TLC tau nthuav tawm hauv cov duab xim, nkag siab thiab yooj yim los txheeb xyuas; dav siv tau, kom deb li deb nws tau siv nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj ntsuab nyob rau hauv multinational pharmacopoeias; ntau cov qauv raug muab piv rau hauv tib lub phaj tib lub sijhawm; chromatography tuaj yeem siv rau ntau theem Kev Ntsuam Xyuas, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev yees duab tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev; sib txawv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov kev txheeb xyuas suav nrog yam tsis muaj kev sib cais.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, kev tswj xyuas feem ntau ntawm TLC yog cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuaj (tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau kev siv hauv tsev) kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom yog muab los ntawm qee yam khoom siv tshuaj (tsob ntoo), uas feem ntau siv. nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem ntawm extracts, thiab soj ntsuam cov traceability ntawm nws qhov chaw. (Vim tias cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuaj siv tau, ntau yam khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tib lub sijhawm)
3. Ultraviolet UV nrhiav txoj kev
Lub hauv paus ntawm UV-Vis spectrophotometric quantitative tsom xam yog Lambert-Beer txoj cai, uas yog, lub absorbance ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuas ntawm ib tug tej yam wavelength yog linearly ntsig txog nws solubility. Raws li, qhov concentration thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yuav tau los ntawm kev ntsuas lub absorbance ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau ib tug tej yam wavelength ntawm teeb meem teeb meem.
Peb feem ntau siv los txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov flavonoids, tag nrho saponins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, anthocyanins, proteins, amino acids, thiab dej-soluble carbohydrates. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog nrhiav txoj hauv kev (yog tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev) raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Yog xav paub meej, thov xa mus rau Thaum Mr. Liu txheeb xyuas polysaccharides lub sijhawm dhau los, nws pom qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev los ntsuas polysaccharides thiab tshuaj xyuas rau cov neeg siv khoom.
4. Liquid phase detection HPLC method
Tom ntej no, cia peb saib HPLC txoj kev, uas kuj yog txoj kev uas peb siv ntau dua thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem tau muaj cai ntau dua.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm HPLC yog High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), tseem hu ua "High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography", "High Speed Liquid Chromatography", "High Resolution Liquid Chromatography", "Modern Kumn Chromatography" yog li ntawd. High-performance kua chromatography yog ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm chromatography. Nws siv cov kua raws li lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab siv lub siab-siab infusion system los tso cov kuab tshuaj ib leeg nrog cov polarities sib txawv los yog cov kuab tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov sib txawv, tsis muaj thiab lwm cov theem mobile mus rau theem nyob ruaj khov. Lub chromatographic kem, tom qab cov khoom nyob rau hauv kem sib cais, nkag mus rau hauv lub detector mus nrhiav kom tau, yog li realizing lub tsom xam ntawm cov qauv. Txoj kev no tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cais thiab kev soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem hauv thaj chaw ntawm chemistry, tshuaj, kev lag luam, agronomy, kev tshuaj xyuas khoom muag thiab kev soj ntsuam kev cai lij choj. Kev ua haujlwm siab ua kua chromatography (HPLC) yog ib txoj hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1960s. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nws tau siv dav hauv kev sib cais thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv, kev noj zaub mov zoo, cov vitamins, thiab cov proteins. Kwv yees li 80 feem pua ntawm cov organic tebchaw hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm HPLC.
Yog tias txoj kev kuaj pom zoo ib yam li cov neeg siv khoom, tsuav yog tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov khoom siv, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev xeem yuav tsis loj heev. Tsis hais txog cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, cov neeg siv khoom muaj teeb meem ntau dua. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, SIGMA cov ntaub ntawv siv tau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab, uas yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua Peb cov khoom siv HPLC feem ntau yog cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ultraviolet (UV) thiab evaporative light detector (ELSD)
Ua ntej saib UV detector UV-Vis detector tam sim no yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv HPLC, hu ua UV detector. Qhov ntsuas no muaj qhov rhiab heev, dav kab ntau yam, tsis hnov tsw ntawm tus nqi ntws thiab kub hloov, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib cais gradient elution. Lub UV ntes yuav tsum tau hais tias cov khoom ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau kuaj muaj nqus nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet los yog pom lub teeb cheeb tsam, thiab lub mobile theem siv tsis muaj UV absorption los yog UV nqus wavelength txawv ntawm UV nqus wavelength ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau kuaj. , thiab tsis muaj qhov nqus ntawm UV nqus wavelength ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau kuaj. . Lub UV detector yog ib qho kev xaiv ntes thaum nws yog lub ntsuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev npaj chromatography.
Txoj kev no xav kom yuav tsum muaj kev nqus hauv cheeb tsam ultraviolet lossis pom lub teeb pom kev.
Thiab yuav ua li cas yog tias tsis muaj qhov nqus ntawm ultraviolet lossis pom lub teeb pom kev zoo lossis lub davhlau ya nyob twg nqus tau qis heev?
Peb yuav siv ELSD (evaporative light) nrhiav kom tau txoj kev
ELSD yog lub tshuab kuaj pom ntau, uas tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov khoom tsis sib xws, suav nrog cov amino acids, fatty acids, qab zib, surfactants, thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qee cov qauv uas nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas, xws li phospholipids, saponins, alkaloids, Cov tshuaj steroids thiab lwm cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj UV nqus lossis UV lub davhlau ya nyob twg nqus tau qhov zoo uas lwm cov HPLC detectors tsis tuaj yeem phim. Qhov no yog lub uniqueness ntawm nws nrhiav tau.
Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav thoob ntiaj teb ntawm ELSD tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas feem ntau pom hauv cov txheej txheem kuaj HPLC ib txwm muaj. Tsis zoo li UV thiab fluorescence detectors, cov lus teb ntawm ELSD tsis nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm tus qauv. Ib qho piv txwv nrog qis dua volatility dua li lub sijhawm txawb tuaj yeem kuaj pom. Tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Cov lus teb tus nqi ntawm ELSD yog ncaj qha proportional rau qhov zoo ntawm tus qauv, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab purity ntawm tus qauv.
5. Gas-kua chromatography (Lus Askiv: Gas chromatography, tseem hu ua gas chromatography)
Nws yog cov txheej txheem chromatographic rau kev sib cais thiab kev tsom xam ntawm cov tebchaw uas yooj yim volatile yam tsis muaj decomposition hauv organic chemistry. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv peb cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tsuas yog kuaj cov kuab lom residues, tshuaj tua kab residues thiab volatile roj.
Kuv ntseeg hais tias los ntawm cov lus qhia luv luv saum toj no, txhua tus neeg muaj kev nkag siab dav dav txog kev tshawb nrhiav cov nroj tsuag extracts.
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