Curcumin As Prospective Anti-Aging Natural Compound: Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub hlwb

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

Abstract:Cov as-ham thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig muaj peev xwm yog qhov kev kawm tshiab hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub rau lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Curcumin, daj polyphenolic compound muab rho tawm los ntawm Curcuma longa hom, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ib txwm Ayurvedic tshuaj los tiv thaiv thiab sib piv ntau yam kab mob, xav txog nws antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, cardio-tiv thaiv, nephron-tiv thaiv, hepato- tiv thaiv, anti-neoplastic, thiab anti-rheumatic proprieties. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm curcumin tau tsom mus rau nws daim ntawv thov rau kev laus thiab cov kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog. Kev laus yog cov txheej txheem physiological uas muaj qhov txo qis hauv cellular muaj nuj nqi vim yog sab hauv lossis sab nraud stimuli. Oxidative stress yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev laus thiab cov kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog xws li mob qog noj ntshav, neuroinflamation, thiab kev kis kab mob yog vim muaj cov kab mob qis qis. Curcumin ua rau cov protein sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ob qho tib si oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob. Hauv lub hlwb, curcumin tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm microglia. Thaum kawg, hauv cov qog hlwb, curcumin tuaj yeem txo cov qog loj hlob los ntawm inhibiting telomerase kev ua haujlwm. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm curcumin tsom rau nws cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv kev laus hauv lub hlwb. Ntxiv mus, cov formulations tshiab los ua kom bioavailability ntawm curcumin yog tham.

Ntsiab lus:curcumin;ntuj flavonoid; anti-aging; neuroinflamation;telomerase; antioxidant; tiv thaiv inflammatory

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

1. Taw qhia

Niaj hnub no, tib neeg lub neej expectancy tau nce, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev laus ntawm biology tab tom nrhiav kom elucidate cov txheej txheem biochemical thiab noob caj noob ces uas ua rau kev laus dhau sijhawm thiab nrhiav cov tswv yim tshiab los tawm tsam cov txheej txheem no.

Kev laus yog ib txoj hauv kev uas muaj kev hloov pauv tsis tau thiab nce zuj zus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev; Qhov kev poob no tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub hnub nyoog, xws li kab mob plawv, kab mob musculoskeletal thiab mob caj dab, kab mob neurodegenerative, thiab mob qog noj ntshav [1].

Cov txheej txheem kev laus sib txawv tau raug txheeb xyuas, suav nrog genomic instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic hloov, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, qia cell qaug zog, thiab hloov intercellular kev sib txuas lus [2]. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm xyoo dhau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv.cistanche genghis khanNtau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias kev noj zaub mov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv antioxidants thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem txo cov hnub nyoog txog kev paub txog kev poob qis thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ntau yam kab mob neurodegenerative.

Curcumin yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus polyphenol uas tau muab rho tawm los ntawm Curcuma longa Linn nrog cov khoom siv roj ntsha sib txawv xws li antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, cardio-protective, neuroprotective, hepato-protective, anti-neoplastic, anti-rheumatic, thiab anti-rheumatic. - laus [3]. Lub npe tshuaj ntawm curcumin yog 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3.{{ 16}}dione nrog cov tshuaj formula C12H20O6; nws yog tsim los ntawm ob lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab nrog ib pawg methoxy phenolic, kinked nrog cov kab sib txuas cov kab, nrog ib qho , -unsaturated -diketone moiety [4] (Daim duab 1).

Curcumin, zoo li lwm yam polyphenols, muaj cov haujlwm pleiotropic. Tseeb tiag, vim nws lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov proteins, curcumin tuaj yeem ua rau cov lus teb ntawm tes rau cov stimuli sab nraud. Ntxiv mus, curcumin nce thiab downregulates txawv miRNA thiab koom nrog hauv kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlwb [5].

Kev laus yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo rau qee hom qog nqaij hlav, thiab tus mob qog noj ntshav siab dua rau cov laus dua piv rau cov hnub nyoog qis dua.

Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav thiab kev laus: thaum lub sijhawm kev laus, muaj kev nce hauv oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab DNA puas, thiab cell senescence; Kev loj hlob zuj zus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav [6].

Cistanche tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev laus

Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas no, peb lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm curcumin hauv lub hlwb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hom phiaj sib txawv, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, hloov kho microglia neuroprotection, thiab thaum kawg ua rau telomerase txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau mob qog noj ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav txheeb xyuas yuav ua li cas kov yeej qee qhov kev txwv ntawm kev kho mob daim ntawv thov curcumin uas sawv cev los ntawm cov neeg pluag bioavailability qis solubility, thiab kev ruaj ntseg muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov qauv hydrophobic nrog cov tswv yim tshiab biotechnological, xws li nano kev xa khoom raws li txoj hauv kev.

2. Cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm kev laus, Nws cov cim, thiab Biomarkers

Kev laus yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas tau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej sib txawv, suav nrog kev sib txawv, ib puag ncig, caj ces, thiab / lossis epigenetic cuam tshuam nrog lub cev ua haujlwm [7,8]. Kev laus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev poob qis ntawm lub cev muaj zog cuam tshuam rau feem ntau cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, uas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv txoj hauv kev molecular thiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ntau cov kab mob ntxov ntxov ntxov. Ntxiv mus, kev laus yog txuam nrog ntau yam kev hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam nrog txhua theem ntawm tib neeg lub cev lub koom haum. Qhov no suav nrog neurodegenerative, musculoskeletal, metabolic, hlab plawv, lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab mob qog noj ntshav uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev tuag [1,9,10].

Ntawm cov feem ntau piav txog cellular thiab molecular laus, cov cim tseem ceeb yog genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, poob ntawm proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, hloov intercellular kev sib txuas lus, {2 stems. }}]. Qhov tseeb, qhov rov tsim dua tshiab thiab kho qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm ntau cov ntaub so ntswg poob qis nrog lub hnub nyoog vim qhov txo qis ntawm ntau lub qia hlwb los kho cov ntaub so ntswg [14]. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov laus hematopoietic qia hlwb hloov pauv yuav raug cuam tshuam. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb txog qhov twg molecular, cellular, lossis kev hloov pauv lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem kev laus thiab / lossis lawv cuam tshuam rau ib leeg [15,16].

Txawm hais tias muaj qhov tshwj xeeb uas twb muaj lawm / cov cim ntawm kev laus, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev laus tuaj yeem sib txawv tsis yog ntawm ib tus neeg cov ntaub so ntswg xwb tab sis kuj ntawm cov tib neeg. Txawm hais tias ntau yam molecular ua rau kev laus nrog kev sib cuam tshuam loj heev tau piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv, kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau ntau txoj hauv kev tseem tsis nkag siab tag nrho.

3. Antioxidant Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Curcumin

Nws tau raug piav qhia dav dav tias kev nce oxidative kev nyuaj siab hloov pauv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lipids, proteins, thiab nucleic acids, yog li pab txhawb rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov proteins tsis ua haujlwm thiab lipid peroxidation. Kev puas tsuaj nuclear thiab mitochondrial DNA ua rau tshwj xeeb rau mitochondrial dysfunction thiab cell tuag [17,18]. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov dysfunctions tsis tsuas yog ua kom lub cev txoj kev laus tab sis thaum kawg ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam mob thiab degenerative mob, xws li cov kab mob neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's thiab Parkinson's disease), dementia, mob cancer, atherosclerosis, rog, ntshav qab zib. , vascular kab mob, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, thiab laus [19,20].

Tseeb tiag, kev puas tsuaj los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev laus thiab suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob pathogenesis ntawm ntau yam kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog xws li cov kab mob [21]. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxidative kev ntxhov siab yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev tsim cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) hauv cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob lom los detoxify cov khoom reactive [22]. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem kev laus yuav raug kho los ntawm ib puag ncig, tshuaj, thiab kev noj zaub mov zoo [23]. Zoo kawg nkaus, tshawb xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ntuj xws li curcumin lossis derivatives nrog lub peev xwm antioxidant siab uas tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab zoo li yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv dawb radical-txuas kev laus [24](Table 1). Qhov no yuav muab txoj hauv kev pom tseeb rau cov kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev laus noj qab haus huv.

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm curcumin tiv thaiv oxidative thiab nitrosative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv ntau yam cellular thiab tsiaj qauv. Cov nyhuv no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls, thiols, thiab ni-trotyrosines [25]. Tsis tas li ntawd, curcumin txhawb nqa kev ua ub no ntawm superoxide dismutase (SOD) thiab catalase, cov enzymes tseem ceeb antioxidant ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov dawb radicals uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm metabolic [26]. Qhov kev ntxhov siab oxidative tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm peb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: (1) txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig; (2) txo cov oxidative kev nyuaj siab los ntawm stabilizing mitochondrial zog ntau lawm thiab efficiency; (3) nce cov endogenous thiab exogenous antioxidants qib [27]. Kev ua si lub cev yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim no paub los tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab ncua kev laus. Tseeb tiag, kev tawm dag zog ntawm qhov nruab nrab-rau-lub zog siv tsawg kawg yog 5 hnub hauv ib lub lis piam, nrog rau kev ua neej kom zoo yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov toxicity thiab teeb meem ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab rau kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev nce qib antioxidant [28]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm dag zog lub cev nruab nrab thiab tsis tu ncua tau raug tshaj tawm tias yog kev kho mob hauv kev laus thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntau yam kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog. Txawm hais tias cov teebmeem no txhawb kev noj qab haus huv, ib qho kev sib tw ntawm lub cev qoj ib ce tuaj yeem nce cov metabolism, oxidative kev nyuaj siab, o, thiab cov leeg nqaij qaug zog tam sim ntawd tom qab qoj ib ce [29]. Nutraceutical formulations tau pom tias muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab lawv qhov kev noj haus tau pom zoo los ua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv antioxidant, ua ke nrog kev ua kom lub cev tsis tu ncua thiab txaus [30,31]. Vim nws cov qauv tshuaj, curcumin tau ua pov thawj tias yog ib qho zoo heev scavenger ntawm ROS thiab reactive nitrogen hom (RNS) [32] thiab muaj peev xwm attenuate los yog tiv thaiv kev tawm dag zog-induced oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob, los ntawm kev hloov ntawm GSH, catalase, thiab SOD enzymes thiab inhibiting ROS-generating enzymes xws li lipoxygenase / cyclooxygenase thiab xanthine hydrogenase / oxidase [31].cistanche lub neej extensionQhov no tau ntxiv dag zog rau peb txoj kev ntseeg siab tias curcumin yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov pov thawj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv / ncua qhov pib ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog [33,34].

Randomized tswj kev sim ua ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 4 lub lis piam tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm curcumin supplementation ntawm oxidative stress biomarkers, suav nrog glutathione peroxidase (GPX) kev ua hauv erythrocytes, serum MDA concentrations, thiab SOD kev ua tau pom qhov txo qis hauv cov qib ntawm MDA. thiab kev nce ntxiv hauv SOD kev ua haujlwm. Qhov kev txo qis no tau pom ntawm cov koob tshuaj curcumin Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 600 mg / hnub [35].

Lub cev loj ntawm cov pov thawj qhia tau hais tias oxidative kev nyuaj siab txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm zes qe menyuam laus thiab nws txoj kev laus-txoj kev mob, xws li telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, thiab o. Qhov no ua rau muaj hnub nyoog ntsig txog fecundity poob rau tib neeg thiab ntau hom tsiaj [36]. Curcumin tau pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv lub zes qe menyuam uas muaj ntau lub tshuab [37]. Cov kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: (1) txo qis ntawm zes qe menyuam oxidative raug mob, ua rau muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub cev-erythroid-2-txog yam 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) , SOD, thiab SOD1 qib thaum txo qis ROS ntau lawm thiab MDA qib; (2) txo cov qib caspase-3 thiab -9; thiab (3) raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txo cov qib ntawm cov cim inflammatory xws li CRP, TNF-, thiab IL-6. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tias curcumin ua ib qho oxidative stress modulator tuaj yeem sawv cev rau kev kho mob rau ncua kev laus ntawm zes qe menyuam [37-42].

Raws li tau hais los saum no, kev laus yog txuam nrog ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm. Yog li, lub raum kev laus yog ib tug multifactorial thiab complex txheej txheem characterized los ntawm ntau morphological thiab functional hloov. Cov yam tseem ceeb hauv lub raum laus muaj xws li telomeres shortening, cell voj voog ntes, mob o, ua kom lub cev renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, txo cov peev xwm antioxidant, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm glomerular fibro-sis. Curcumin qhia txog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg thiab cov tshuaj muaj zog ntawm lub raum noj qab haus huv [43]. Kev laus yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ywj pheej uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob plawv uas yog vim feem ntau ntawm kev kho cov hlab ntsha thiab kev loj hlob ntawm vascular endothelial dysfunction [44]. Lwm qhov kev cog lus los tiv thaiv kev laus muaj peev xwm ntawm curcumin supplementation tau pom hauv cov txiv neej laus hnub nyoog laus thiab cov poj niam postmenopausal. Qhov tseeb, 12 lub lis piam ntawm kev tswj hwm curcumin tau txhim kho cov hlab ntsha endothelial muaj nuj nqi los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj bioavailability thiab txo cov vascular oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Qhov no qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm curcumin kom noj qab haus huv vascular endothelium nrog kev laus, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv atherosclerosis thiab kab mob hlab ntsha 45]. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb muab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm curcumin cuam tshuam nrog kev laus hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv los ntawm kev txo cov ntshav LDL-cholesterol thiab qib triglyceride [46]. Kev txiav txim siab cov txiaj ntsig ntev ntawm curcumin hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo los tsim cov kab mob plawv zoo li txoj kev tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev laus zuj zus los ntawm kev ntxhov siab oxidative ua rau muaj kev sib deev tshwj xeeb sib txawv hauv kev ua neej ntev thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hnub nyoog ntsig txog neurodegeneration.ceg nzHauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, curcumin tau pom tias ua kom ntev lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov qauv (Drosophila melanogaster) los ntawm kev txhim kho SOD kev ua haujlwm [47]. Cov kev tshawb pom no tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas curcumin-induced poj niam txiv neej tshwj xeeb hauv vivo teb rau oxidative stress. Qhov no suav nrog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hydrogen peroxide thiab kev hloov pauv hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm Drosophila melanogaster. Qhov no tuaj yeem vam khom cov lus qhia thiab txhawb nqa lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm curcumin nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam-dependent yam 48]. Curcumin belongs rau cov chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormetic uas stabilize Nrf2 thiab txhim khu kev qhia ntawm HO-1. Curcumin ua rau txoj hauv kev Nrf2, uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov enzymes antioxidant, xws li thioredoxin reductase, thiab Hsp70 sirtuins [49-52]. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau tshaj tawm tias curcumin nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov enzymes antioxidant xws li protein thiol, non-protein thiol, GPx, thiab SOD hauv cov dev noj nrog curcumin hnub 30 piv nrog cov dev tswj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj curcumin txhawb lub peev xwm antioxidant hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov dev thiab yog li txo ROSlevels. Curcumin txhim kho tsiaj noj qab haus huv, nrog rau tshwj xeeb stimulation ntawm lub antioxidant system thiab pov thawj ntawm ib tug anti-inflammatory nyhuv. Qhov no tau qhia tias curcumin ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob, thiab kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua rau qeeb kev laus [53]. Curcumin supplementation nrog rau kev tawm dag zog lub cev tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb kev laus thiab / lossis tiv thaiv oxidative kev ntxhov siab vim muaj hnub nyoog cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev hloov pauv thiab muaj hnub nyoog cuam tshuam. Ua ke, cov kev tshawb pom no txhawb nqa lub peev xwm antioxidant ntawm curcumin ntawm lub cev kev noj qab haus huv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev laus (saib daim duab 2). Kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv tau lees paub los daws qhov tseeb lub hom phiaj molecular thiab qhia txoj hauv kev ua lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm curcumin hauv tib neeg cov neeg.

4. Anti-Inflammatory luag hauj lwm ntawm Curcumin

Kev mob yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev laus, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem kho tsis zoo [54]. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, qib qis qis yog ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txheej txheem kev laus thiab ua rau muaj ntau yam kev laus cuam tshuam txog kev poob qis hauv ntau lub cev ua haujlwm [55,56]. Ntawm qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb, kev laus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov neeg kho mob pro-inflammatory, ib qho tshwm sim uas tau raug hu ua "inflammaging".

Tsis tas li ntawd, plab hnyuv microbiota thiab kev noj haus tau pom tias cuam tshuam rau qib qis. Cov kev tshawb pom tsis ntev los no qhia txog kev noj zaub mov, suav nrog curcumin supplementation, raws li lub tswv yim los tiv thaiv kev mob. Interestingly, lub hnub nyoog-modulatory zog thiab noj qab haus huv los ntawm curcumin tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv txawv cellular thiab tsiaj qauv, xws li C. elegans, Drosophila, thiab nas. Raws li tau hais meej saum toj no, curcumin tau pom tias txuas ntxiv kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua neej nyob, feem ntau yog thaiv txoj kev cuam tshuam feem ntau NF-kB[57](Table 1).

Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo txhawb nqa ntau yam khoom lom neeg ntawm curcumin hauv inhibiting NF-kB signaling-dependent o [34,58]. Lwm qhov kev cuam tshuam ntxiv hauv kev txo qis qhov mob ntawm qhov mob tau piav qhia. Tseeb tiag, curcumin tau pom tias yuav hloov pauv cov senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), uas ua rau cov hlwb tsis zoo thiab pab txhawb qhov mob [59,60].

Interestingly, kev kho lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm cov hlwb uas tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm curcumin txo cov qib ntawm secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines xws li IL-8 nyob rau hauv ib txwm hluas hlwb [61]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov koob tshuaj qis ntawm curcumin tau nce ntau lawm ntawm sirtuin, piv txwv li, NAD-dependent deacetylases, thiab sirtuin 1 txo qhov mob los ntawm inhibiting NF-kB signaling [62]. Nws ntseeg tau tias curcumin siv nws cov txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tes ntawm cov protein ua haujlwm koom nrog SASP. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov pov thawj nce ntxiv qhia tias rov ua dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev thaum lub sijhawm [63] ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm qhov mob. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, ob qho tib si lub nra hnyav ntawm cov hlwb thaum lub sij hawm laus thiab hyper-stimulation ntawm macrophages dhau sij hawm tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem o.

Cov ntawv ceeb toom tsis ntev los no ntawm randomized tswj kev sim ua los ntawm 2008-2020 tau ua pov thawj tias curcumin tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem kho kom muaj nuj nqis, zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no qiv kev txhawb nqa rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, immunotropic thiab antioxidant kev ua haujlwm ntawm turmeric extract hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo. Ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntxiv ntawm curcumin hauv kev hloov pauv kev laus-txog kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis CRP qib nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj raws li tus qauv nas tau tshaj tawm. Ntxiv mus, MDA thiab NO qib tau nce ntau hauv cov tsiaj noj nrog curcumin [64]. Qhov no tau ntxiv dag zog rau peb txoj kev ntseeg tias curcumin qeeb cov txheej txheem kev laus los ntawm kev txo qis cov hnub nyoog ntsig txog cov kab mob.

Ntxiv nrog rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm NF-kB kev taw qhia txoj hauv kev hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory, circulating theem ntawm MCP-1 tau pom tias nce nrog kev laus thiab raug suav tias yog ib qho kev laus biomarker [65-67]. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory teebmeem ntawm curcumin tau pom tias encompass lub inhibition ntawm MCP-1 [33]. Lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob xws li COX-2 kev ua haujlwm, lipoxygenase, iNOS, MAPK, JAK, thiab inhibition ntawm TNF-a ntau lawm, IL-1, -2, -6, -8, thiab -12, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) [66].

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias curcumin tsis tsuas yog txhawb lub zog antioxidant thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative hauv cov dev tab sis kuj txo cov leukocyte suav, uas qhia tias muaj kev tiv thaiv mob me me ua tiav hauv cov dev noj nrog koob tshuaj 30 mg ntawm curcumin / dev / hnub [53 ]. Cov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los no [67, qhov uas nws tau pom tias cov menyuam yaj noj nrog curcumin tau qis dua tag nrho leukocytes, neutrophils, thiab lymphocytes. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tau tshaj tawm hauv cov nas kho nrog 50 thiab 400mg / kg curcumin, qhia txog kev txhim kho zoo kawg nkaus rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob [68]. Cov ntsiab lus no hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm curcumin hauv kev thim rov qab cov lus teb inflammatory thiab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ob qho tib si ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua rau kev laus qeeb (saib daim duab 2).

5.Neuroprotective Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Curcumin

Lub hnub nyoog Advanced yog suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo rau kev paub tsis meej thiab cov kab mob neurodegenerative. Cellular senescence nkoos lub secretion ntawm proinflammatory cytokines uas ua rau mob o tsis hais qhov ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob ntev uas ua rau muaj kev laus yog hu ua 'inflammaging", ua rau tuag thiab kev txawj ntse poob [69-73]. Kev kwv yees ntawm cov kab mob neuro-inflammatory uas peb tau tham yav dhau los [4,74](Table1).

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem loj rau curcumin xa mus rau hauv lub hlwb yog cov ntshav-hlwb barrier (BBB) ​​[75]. Cov kev siv tshuaj kho mob muaj peev xwm ntawm nano-curcumin tau tshwm sim thiab muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov teeb meem kho mob dawb curcumin thiab ameliorate ntau yam kev laus ntawm cov cellular thiab lub cev tsis ua haujlwm [76].

Kev laus tuaj yeem hloov kho lub plab microbiome thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau lub plab-hlwb axis [77] suav nrog endocrine, nutrient, immunological thiab neural signals ntawm plab thiab lub hlwb ntawm enteric paj hlwb (ENS) thiab yog li ntawd mus rau ntau lub hauv paus paj hlwb ( CNS) mob xws li ntau yam sclerosis, kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev ntxhov siab [78]. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam kab mob degenerative xws li AD, PD, ntau qhov system atrophy (MSA), neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), thiab amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [79] thaum peb muaj hnub nyoog, cov kev ntxhov siab no kuj yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. raws li txoj cai, nce kev xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj xws li NSAIDs, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab noj tsis txaus [80,81]. Raws li lub plab-hlwb axis txuas rau neurodegeneration, curcumin exerts ib tug neuroprotective nyhuv tiv thaiv neurodegenerative mob los ntawm kev kho lub plab hnyuv muaj nuj nqi thiab ib tug noj qab nyob zoo plab microbiome [82].

Kev tshawb xyuas ntawm curcumin cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob ntshav qab zib nas lub hlwb tau pom tias curcumin lossis curcumin analog A13 kev kho mob txo qhov mob los ntawm inhibiting NF-kB p65 canonical txoj kev thiab txo qis theem ntawm TNF- thiab Cox-2 hauv cov kab mob ntshav qab zib nas'cerebral cortex. . Curcumin thiab A13 txo qis oxidative kev nyuaj siab los ntawm kev ua kom cov haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab txo qis malondialdehyde MDA qib hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nas mob ntshav qab zib [83]. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig neuroprotective ntawm curcumin tiv thaiv lub hlwb puas hauv cov nas mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov mob thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Qhov no yog ua raws li qhov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los uas curcumin tau pom tias txo qis mRNA qhia ntawm NF-kB thiab TLR4 thiab pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm glutamate neurotoxicity hauv cov txiv neej albino nas [84]. Interestingly, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam cov curcumin-mediated neuroprotective teebmeem ntawm lub hlwb kev laus induced los ntawm D-galactose nyob rau hauv vitro thiab nyob rau hauv vivo qauv qhia ib tug anti-aging nyhuv los ntawm regulating neuronal poob, thiab apoptosis nyob rau hauv D-galactose induced hlwb laus thiab anti-oxidant enzyme. kev qhia. [85].

Tsis tas li ntawd, curcumin txhim kho neuronal ntev thiab cellular senescence los ntawm down-regulated qhia ntawm p16 thiab p21 thiab upregulated qhia ntawm antioxidant enzymes, xws li SOD-1, GPX-1, thiab catalase. Kev tswj hwm ntawm curcumin ameliorated cov kev paub tsis meej thiab suppressed apoptosis nyob rau hauv cerebral cortex los ntawm downregulating Bax thiab poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase qhia thiab nce Bdl-2 qhia [86 Hauv cov kab mob neurodegenerative, xws li AD, PD. , ALS, microglia ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb los ntawm kev ua kom oxidative kev nyuaj siab, redox imbalance thiab neuroinflammation. Lub tshuab txais microglia yog sawv cev los ntawm M1 (pro-inflammatory) thiab M2 (anti-inflammatory) ua haujlwm phenotypes raws li cov molecules saum npoo thiab cytokine qhia profiles. Cov khoom ntuj sib txawv qhia cov khoom kho mob ntawm microglia thiab qhov tshwm sim tiv thaiv kab mob neurodegenerative; Lawv ua los ntawm inhibiting microglia polarization thiab tsim cov inflammatory mediators. Hauv microglia, curcumin ua rau cov hom phiaj sib txawv. Curcumin inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB thiab activator protein-1(AP-1) DNA bindings hauv BV2 microglial cells [87] txo qis cov neeg kho mob. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor- (PPARy) yog ib qho kev hloov pauv thiab cov protein receptor nuclear uas tswj cov lus teb inflammatory hauv microglia, thiab astrocytes [88], thiab thaum qhib, PPAR inhibits zus tau tej cov proinflammatory cytokines thiab inflammatory txoj kev los ntawm binding lub peroxisome proliferator teb cov ntsiab lus [88]. Curcumin activates PPARy uas txo NF-kB cytokine ntau lawm hauv tus qauv nas ntawm AD, hauv nas hippocampal thawj kab ntawm tes thiab thawj astrocytes [89]. Ntxiv mus, peb pab pawg tau pom tias curcumin suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory teb nyob rau hauv microglial hlwb los ntawm down-regulation ntawm PI3K/Akt [90,91] thiab JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway [92]. Tsis tas li ntawd, curcumin induces anti-inflammatory mediators, xws li HO-1/NRF{33}} thiaj li txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab neuroinflammation [93]. Curcumin kev kho mob txhim kho neuron poob thiab degeneration, thaum tseem inhibiting cellular senescence thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab los ntawm upregulating antioxidant enzyme qhia nyob rau hauv RA-induced SY5Y hlwb [94]. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov kev tshawb pom tau piav qhia saum toj no, kev tiv thaiv ntawm curcumin tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus / chronic cerebral hyperperfusion-induced cognitive deficit model. Ntxiv mus, kev kho curcumin txo qis kev tuag neuronal thiab suppressed neuroinflammation induced los ntawm microglial activation [95]. Cov teebmeem kev tiv thaiv no koom nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua kom cov receptors qhia ntawm myeloid hlwb 2 (TREM2) / TLR4 / NF-kB txoj hauv kev. Kev kho curcumin txo qhov nod-zoo li receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) nyob ntawm pyroptosis. [95]. Txij li thaum NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis tau raug tshaj tawm tias tau koom nrog hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative, qhov tshwm sim no qhia tias curcumin yuav pab tau raws li lub tswv yim tshuaj rau cov kab mob neurodegenerative. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau rau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm curcumin cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb thiab kev paub-kev poob qis ntsig txog kev laus [96].

6. Curcumin thiab Telomerase hauv hlwb

ROS-induced oxidative kev nyuaj siab, lub npe hu ua lub peev xwm contributor rau cov txheej txheem kev laus tshwm sim raws li kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub zog metabolism hauv mitochondria [97] thiab nyob rau hauv lem, ua rau telomere shortening.

Telomerase yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob eukaryotic thiab tau kawm thawj zaug hauv protozoans los ntawm Nobel Laureate Elizabeth Blackburn, nws qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob, kev laus thiab mob cancer sai sai tau pom tseeb [98].

Telomers yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo rov ua dua DNA cov kab ke nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm chromosomes, uas tswj cov cell replication thiab pab tswj cov chromosomal stability. Telomers txo qis los ntawm 50-200 hauv paus tom qab txhua qhov sib faib ntawm tes. Thaum lub telomere nce mus txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntev, cov hlwb ua senescent. Kev faib cov hlwb qhia telomerase, ib qho ribonucleoprotein enzyme uas ua ke thiab elongates telomeric DNA [99].

Tib neeg telomerase muaj ob lub subunits: tib neeg telomerase RNA tivthaiv (hTR; tseem hu ua tus) thiab tib neeg telomerase thim rov qab transcriptase (hTERT).hTR yog tsim los ntawm RNA template complementary rau 3' overhang ntawm telomeres [100]. hTERT ua raws li catalytic subunit uas ntxiv telomeric DNA rau 3'overhang [101,102].

Kev qhia theem ntawm hTERT mRNA cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellular telomerase [103], qhia tias qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua telomerase. Yog li, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los kawm txog cov txheej txheem hauv qab hTERT kev tswj hwm txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua ntawm telomerase rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab kho mob.

Telomerase muaj nyob rau hauv ~ 90 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav thiab cov qog nqaij hlav, qhia tias lawv pab txhawb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis kawg [104]. Curcumin tau pom tias muaj cov teebmeem inhibitory ntawm telomerase thiab induced telomere shortening thiab apoptosis hauv hlwb qog hlwb. Curcumin induced kev loj hlob inhibition thiab cell voj voog ntes ntawm G2 / M hauv medulloblastoma thiab glioblastoma hlwb [105].

Hauv ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav, curcumin tau pom tias xaiv lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hlwb uas qhia telomerase enzyme ua rau cov hlwb no muaj kev cuam tshuam rau curcumin-induced cytotoxicity ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Qhov tseem ceeb, txoj kev tshawb fawb saum toj no qhia tau hais tias txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab ntau yam ntawm curcumin thiab nws txoj kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem nyob ntawm seb hom cell siv. Cov kev tshawb fawb mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov qog hlwb hauv hlwb tau qhia txog kev siv curcumin ua ib qho kev kho mob rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Telomere shortening drives lub raum cell senescence thiab ua rau lub raum laus.

Khaw thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke tau pom tias curcumin suppresses telomerase kev ua haujlwm hauv hlwb qog hlwb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv qib hTERT. Kev kho mob nrog curcumin induces ib qho tseem ceeb telomere shortening nyob rau hauv lub hlwb qog hlwb qhia nws cov peev xwm soj ntsuam daim ntawv thov raws li ib tug telomerase inhibitor thiab siv curcumin nyob rau hauv adjuvant cancer kho [105]. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, hauv cov hlwb ib txwm muaj, curcumin txhim kho kev muaj peev xwm los ntawm kev ua ntawm telomerase thaum cov hlwb tau raug txhawb nrog cov tshuaj lom molecules. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm SK-N-SH hlwb kho nrog A 1-42, curcumin, thiab Curl txhim kho cell viability. Feem ntau, hTERT tau inhibited los ntawm A 1-42; luv telomere tsis tuaj yeem rov qab ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd, muaj ntau lub hlwb apoptotic. Kev kho mob nrog curcumin thiab Curl tuaj yeem khi rau A 1-42 thiab antagonize neurotoxicity; Yog li, qhov kev qhia ntawm hTERT tau hloov kho, txo qis telomere rov qab ntev thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes tau nce. Upregulation ntawm hTERT tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv curcumin los yog Curl kho SK-N-SHcells yam tsis muaj A 1-42 kev kho mob ua rau qhov xaus tias curcumin thiab Cur1 tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hTERT upregulation hauv cov hlwb ib txwm [106]. Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm curcumin yog qhov nyuaj thiab sib txawv, thiab nws txoj kev ua tau zoo yuav nyob ntawm seb hom cell siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Kev tshawb fawb mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov qog hlwb hauv hlwb underscore kev siv curcumin hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.

7. Cov tswv yim tshiab Nanodelivery kom nce Pharmacological Activities ntawm Curcumin

Txhawm rau ua kom cov solubility, stability, bioavailability, thiab kev ua ntawm curcumin, ib lub tswv yim zoo tau pom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb sib txawv: encapsulation.

Ntau pab pawg tshawb fawb tau pom qhov kev txhim kho ntawm encapsulated curcumin piv rau cov dawb molecules. Ob chav loj ntawm nanocarriers tau siv: hluavtaws thiab ntuj nanocarriers.

Ntau hom hluavtaws nanocarriers tau tsim los xa cov curcumin: lipid-raws li curcumin formulations (liposomes, solid-kua nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers) thiab polymeric-based curcumin formulations (micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric conjugates) (rau kev tshuaj xyuas saib [96, 107] ]).

Vim muaj kev nplua nuj ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsom rau cov tswv yim siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws curcumin, peb yuav sau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no tsuas yog ob lub tswv yim siv rau nws cov nano xa khoom (Saib daim duab 3).

Liposomes yog cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm ib leeg lossis ntau lub bilayers ua los ntawm phospholipids uas nkag mus rau hydrophilic, lipophilic, thiab amphiphilic molecules [108]. Kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv no tau piav qhia, xws li liposomes uas muaj txheej txheej ntawm polyethylene glycol, theragnostic liposomes uas muaj cov duab, thiab liposomes uas muaj cov hom phiaj ligand [109]. Nyob rau hauv vitro, liposomal curcumin ua rau muaj qhov concentration-dependent inhibition ntawm proliferation, induction ntawm apoptosis, thiab tsub kom motility ntawm endometrial carcinoma hlwb [110]. Ntxiv mus, tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim toxicity tau pom nyob rau hauv tus qauv zebrafish, thiab qog nqaij hlav tom qab kho nrog curcumin-encapsulated liposomes [110].

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txo qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo pom hauv cov kab mob neurodegenerative tau raug pov thawj siv cov khoom lipid curcumin. Kev kho mob hnyav ntawm cov khoom lipid curcumin muaj ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv amyloid, tiv thaiv kev mob, thiab cov teebmeem neuroprotective tshaj li dawb curcumin hauv tus qauv nas ntawm Alzheimer's disease [11]. Hauv tib tus qauv tsiaj, cov khoom lipid curcumin tau txo qis amyloid plaques thiab neuronal tuag, tiv thaiv dendritic txha nraub qaum, thiab khaws cia cov cim ua ntej thiab postsynaptic, nrog rau qee qhov kev txhim kho tus cwj pwm tshwm sim [112]. Micelles yog tus kheej-assembling nanosized colloidal hais nrog ib tug hydrophobic core thiab hydrophilic plhaub [113]. Nws tau raug pom tias curcumin micelles yog ib qho zoo heev intravenously txhaj aqueous formulation ntawm curcumin; Cov qauv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm inhibiting angiogenesis thiab tua cov qog nqaij hlav ncaj qha [114].

Ntxiv mus, nws tau raug sau tseg tias curcumin-loaded nano micelles suppressed AD kev nce qib txo cov protein fibrillation thiab inhibiting amyloidogenesis los ntawm cov txheej txheem glycation vim curcumin tso tawm, yog li tiv thaiv kev tsim thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm amyloid fibrils thiab glycation. Cov nyhuv no kuj tseem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ua tau zoo dua ntawm curcumin-loaded micelles vim lawv degradation los yog hydrolysis thiab tom qab tso tawm curcumin ua tus neeg sawv cev antioxidant [115]. Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no ntsuas qhov kev sib piv ntawm cov pa curcumin nrog curcumin nanoparticles - liposomal Curcumin (LCC) - ntawm kev sim nas tus qauv ntawm Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity, nws tau pom tias LC tau zoo dua. Qhov zoo siab, LCC tau txhim kho tag nrho cov kev ntxhov siab oxidative: MDA, NO, thiab tag nrho cov kev ntxhov siab oxidative. Noj ua ke, curcumin tau pom cov koob tshuaj-raws li kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm plasma oxidative stress parameters/antioxidant peev, MMP-2 thiab -9level, thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm hauv Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity qauv [116].

Ntawm cov nanocarriers ntuj, exosomes tau siv los ua kev xa tshuaj zoo [117,118]. Exosomes belongs rau tsev neeg extracellular vesicle thiab raug tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm exocytosis tom qab maturation ntawm multivesicular lub cev. Lawv cov protein, lipid, thiab nucleic acid muaj peev xwm ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm los kho cov kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes. Exosomes muaj cov khoom ntiag tug los ua biocompatible, thiab lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov me me tso cai rau lawv hla cov kab mob lom thiab khiav tawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tuaj yeem khi hydrophobic molecules, zoo li tshuaj, nyiam lawv txoj kev thauj mus los, bioavaility, thiab uptake [117]. Qhov tseeb, exosomes tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tsim tau curcumin-encapsulated exosomes. Ob lub tswv yim ntawm passive encapsulation yog ua tau: (i) cell kho nrog curcumin thiab cais tawm ntawm exosomes (loaded exosomes) thiab (ii) load curcumin nyob rau hauv exosomes (primed exosomes).

Curcumin tuaj yeem ua tus kheej sib sau ua ke rau hauv lipid membrane ntawm exosome los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tails hydrophobic thiab cov tshuaj hydrophobic. Kev nkag mus rau hauv lipid bilayer ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv curcumin los ntawm degradation [119].

Cov nyhuv kho mob ntawm loaded-curcumin exosomes yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm o [119]. Encapsulated curcumin nce lub solubility, stability, thiab bioavailability ntawm curcumin thiab txhim khu kev xa ntawm curcumin mus rau activated monocytes. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev xa tshuaj tshiab no tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv cov nas los ntawm LPS. induced septic shock [119].

Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm exosomes uas tsim los ntawm kev kho ntau hom hlwb nrog curcumin. Nws tau pom tias curcumin txhawb nqa exosome secretion nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm intracellular cholesterol trafficking impairment [120] Tseeb, loaded exosomes los ntawm curcumin-kho leukemia hlwb txo leukemic cell loj hlob [121] nrog rau cov qog angiogenesis los ntawm kev txo cov migration ntawm endothelial hlwb, kev nthuav qhia ntawm vascular cell adhesion molecule -1, thiab txo qis ntawm capillary zoo li cov qauv [122].

Ib yam li ntawd, exosomes los ntawm pancreatic adenocarcinoma hlwb thiab los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis me me uas kho nrog curcumin muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [123,124]

Exosomes los ntawm nas hlwb endothelial hlwb kho nrog curcumin nce junction protein qhia thiab ameliorated endothelial cell permeability. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov exosomes no kuj yog vim lawv lub peev xwm txo qis endothelial oxidative kev nyuaj siab [125].

Curcumin-loaded exosomes tau intranasally tswj nyob rau hauv peb tus kab mob sib kis kab mob, LPS-induced hlwb mob qauv, sim autoimmune encephalitis, thiab GL26 hlwb qog qauv tiv thaiv los ntawm LPS-induced hlwb mob; qhov kev loj hlob ntawm myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide-induced sim autoimmune encephalomyelitis thiab tau qeeb lub hlwb hlav loj hlob nyob rau hauv GL26 qog qauv yam tsis muaj kev phiv tshwm sim [126]. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev kho mob muaj peev xwm ntawm curcumin-loaded embryonic qia cell exosomes hauv neurovascular restoration tom qab ischemia-reperfusion raug mob hauv nas tau raug sau tseg. Kev kho mob nrog cov exosomes ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li txo qis cov qhab nia ntawm lub paj hlwb, qhov ntim tsis txaus, edema, o, thiab astrogliosis [127].

Exosomes muab tau los ntawm curcumin-kho buffalo granulosa cells alleviated LPS-mediated o los ntawm kev txo qis pro-inflammatory cytokine qhia thiab rov ua dua 17- estradiol ntau lawm [128].

Tsis ntev los no, exosomes tau raug tsim los rau kev xa pulmonary ntawm kev kho peptides thiab curcumin rau hauv lub ntsws los ntawm kev nqus pa [129,130]. Cov exosomes nce curcumin xa thiab pro-inflammatory cytokines hauv LPS-activated cells. Hauv cov qauv tsiaj ntawm ALI, lawv kuj tau nce kev xa khoom ntawm curcumin, txo qhov mob hauv lub ntsws.

Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias encapsulated curcumin yuav suav hais tias yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo heev rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv, los ntawm kev ua kom cov bioavailability thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm curcumin yam tsis muaj kev phiv tshuaj.

8. Cov lus xaus

Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev laus thiab cov kab mob uas muaj feem rau kev laus yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Hauv peb qhov kev xav, curcumin yog ib tus neeg sib tw zoo tshaj plaws kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj no nrog nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau qhia tias Curcumin tsis muaj cov tshuaj toxicity nyob rau hauv feem ntau preclinical nrog rau kev soj ntsuam soj ntsuam, thiab ob peb qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tsis zoo ntawm curcumin. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom ntuj tej zaum yuav yog qhov chaw nyab xeeb, nyab xeeb, thiab muaj kev vam meej los nrhiav cov tshuaj uas muaj lub luag haujlwm los tswj kev kis tus kabmob kis tam sim no, thiab txawm tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm curcumin tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm, curcumin muaj qee qhov kev kho mob muaj txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los tswj cov tsos mob ntawm tus neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob COVID-19. Curcumin qhov tseeb tuaj yeem hloov kho cov xwm txheej ntawm SARS-CoV-2 cellular nkag, lawv rov ua dua, thiab molecular cascade manifesting pathophysiological qhov tshwm sim ntawm COVID-19. Vim nws cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo, peb xav tias kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog curcumin tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov kab mob loj thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo.

Hauv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no, peb tau piav qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm curcumin nrog rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob hauv lub hlwb, ntau txoj hauv kev: (1) los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov hom phiaj sib txawv, (2) los ntawm inducing antioxidant thiab anti-inflammatory cov xwm txheej, (3) los ntawm kev hloov kho microglia neuroprotection, thiab (4) los ntawm kev ua ntawm telomerase txhawm rau ntes kev mob qog noj ntshav. Cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm curcumin tau tham hauv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tuaj yeem pab txhim kho bioavailability thiab stability ntawm lub ntuj tsim, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev laus. Qhov kawg no hais txog lub zog tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm curcumin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntawm cov xim daj polyphenol thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau kev tshawb nrhiav hauv vivo qauv, nrog rau hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Molecules 2021, 26, 4794. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164794 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules