Kev Tshawb Fawb Sib Piv Ntawm Cov nyhuv N95 Lub ntsej muag ntsej muag thiab lub tshuab ua pa kom huv si (2 Ntxuam, N95 Lim) Ntawm Cov Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Ntawm Cov Neeg Noj Qab Haus Huv Thaum Ua Si
Aug 17, 2023
Abstract: N95 masks filter 95% of the small particles and respiratory droplets (>0.3 µm txoj kab uas hla). Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav hauv ob qho tib si los ntawm pej xeem thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv thaum muaj kev sib kis. Thaum lub cev ua si lossis kev tawm dag zog tau hnav lub npog ntsej muag N95, nws ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ib puag ncig. Lub nra kub kuj nce ntxiv ua rau tsis xis nyob thiab txo kev ua raws. Txoj kev tshawb no tau muab piv rau cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev thiab cov kev xav hauv lub cev thaum hnav lub npog ntsej muag N95 thiab lub tshuab ua pa ua pa (PAPR) (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) thaum lub sijhawm ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. ECG, ua pa txav, SpO2, thiab qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub npog ntsej muag tau raug kaw thiab kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob kuj raug soj ntsuam. Heart rate variability (HRV) qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib txwm txwv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lub npog qhov ncauj kab mob qhia tau hais tias lub plawv autonomic tone yog piv. Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv SpO2 tau qis dua hauv PAPR piv rau N95 daim npog ntsej muag ntawm 60-70% thiab 70-80% ntawm lub plawv dhia siab tshaj plaws. Qhov kub thiab txias hauv ob lub npog ntsej muag tau siab dua li qhov kub thiab txias. Cov qhab nia ntawm cov av noo, kub, ua tsis taus pa, thiab qaug zog tau qis dua hauv PAPR dua li N95 daim npog ntsej muag. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau siv lub npog ntsej muag ntev nrog kev tawm dag zog lub cev lossis kev tawm dag zog, PAPR tuaj yeem nyiam dua N95 daim npog ntsej muag.
Cistanche tuaj yeem ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog thiab lub zog ua kom muaj zog, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb sim tau pom tias decoction ntawm Cistanche tubulosa tuaj yeem tiv thaiv daim siab hepatocytes thiab endothelial hlwb puas hauv cov nas ua luam dej hnyav, txhawb kev qhia ntawm NOS3, thiab txhawb cov kab mob siab glycogen. synthesis, yog li exerting los tiv thaiv qaug zog. Phenylethanoid glycoside-nplua nuj Cistanche tubulosa extract tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, thiab lactate qib, thiab nce qib hemoglobin (HB) thiab piam thaj hauv ICR nas, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev qaug zog los ntawm kev txo qis cov leeg nqaij. thiab ncua lub lactic acid enrichment rau lub zog cia hauv nas. Compound Cistanche Tubulosa ntsiav tshuaj ua rau lub sijhawm ua luam dej hnyav, nce siab glycogen cia, thiab txo qis qib urea tom qab kev tawm dag zog hauv cov nas, qhia nws cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kev qaug zog. Lub decoction ntawm Cistanchis tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua siab ntev thiab ua kom lub cev qaug zog hauv kev tawm dag zog nas, thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov siab ntawm cov ntshav creatine kinase tom qab kev tawm dag zog thiab ua kom lub cev nqaij daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas ib txwm muaj tom qab kev tawm dag zog, uas qhia tau hais tias nws muaj cov teebmeem. ntawm kev txhim kho lub cev muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv qaug zog. Cistanchis kuj tseem ua rau lub sijhawm muaj sia nyob ntawm cov nas uas muaj nitrite-poisoned thiab txhim kho lub siab ntev tiv thaiv hypoxia thiab qaug zog.
Nyem rau Chronic Fatigue
【Yog xav paub ntxiv:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:8613632399501 】
Ntsiab lus: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), COVID-19, HRV, N95 mask, PAPR
Taw qhia
The novel SARS COV-2 virus can be transmitted through respiratory droplets and physical contact which is highly transmissible1). The WHO declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11th March, 20202). The cases are still increasing worldwide. It is mandatory to wear the mask in public places to prevent infection and also to prevent the spread. There are various types of masks available like surgical masks, N95 facepiece respirators, powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR), etc. Surgical masks reduce the transmission from the wearer to the patient, hand-to-face contact, and facial contact with large droplets, while N95 facepiece respirators filter the small airborne particles, tightly fit to the face. N95 mask filters 95% of the small particles (>0.3 µm txoj kab uas hla) 3). Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej thaum muaj tus kabmob kis no.
Raws li N95 daim npog ntsej muag yog nruj haum thiab muaj qhov pore loj nws ua rau muaj zog tiv thaiv huab cua. Qhov no kuj ua rau kom kub thiab av noo, uas ua rau kom ya raws condensing ntawm lub ntsej muag. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem impairs lub pa cua kub poob thiab tsub kom lub tshav kub load 4). Kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis xis nyob ntawm kev siv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg ntev thiab qhov no ua rau tsis ua raws li 5).
Thaum kev tawm dag zog ua tiav nrog N95 lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag cov teeb meem saum toj no tau hnyav dua. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau sau tseg tias kev tawm dag zog nrog N95 lub npog ntsej muag ua rau ib puag ncig hypercapnic hypoxic vim kev tshem tawm cov pa oxygen tsis txaus (O2) thiab carbon dioxide (CO2) tshem tawm tab sis hauv cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, tsis muaj kev mob plawv lossis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem xws li lub plawv dhia (HR ), qhov saturation ntawm peripheral oxygen (SpO2 ) thiab kawg-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) nyob rau hauv physiological txwv txawm thaum lub sij hawm strenuous ce6, 7). Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm dag zog tseem yog tshuaj tua kab mob rau lub cev kom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob cardiometabolic8) thiab nws txo qis txoj hauv kev mob ua pa nyuaj (ARDS) cuam tshuam nrog COVID-199).
PAPR muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau los daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua pa tsis zoo thiab thermal tsis xis nyob. Nws muaj lub cev muaj zog uas rub cov huab cua los ntawm lub lim thiab xa cov cua lim hauv qab lub siab zoo rau lub npog ntsej muag10). Nws txhim khu kev nplij siab ntawm kev hnav lub npog ntsej muag los ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntsig txog cua sov los ntawm kev ua kom txias ntawm cov huab cua tam sim no uas ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev ua raws cai thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm raws li piv rau N95 mask11). Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog thaum lub sij hawm qoj ib ce tseem yuav pom.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau ua los sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cev thiab cov kev xav hauv lub cev thaum hnav PAPR (2 tus kiv cua, N95 lim) thiab N95 daim npog ntsej muag thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntxiv rau tib neeg.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
Qhov no yog kev hla dhau, kev tswj tus kheej tau ua nyob rau hauv Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), New Delhi tom qab kev pom zoo los ntawm lub koom haum ethics committee (Ref. No.: IEC-1222}/ 04.12.2020 RP- 26/2020). 21 tus neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau txais kev noj qab haus huv tau raug xaiv los kawm. Cov ncauj lus uas muaj keeb kwm tsis ntev los no ntawm cov kab mob plawv, kev haus luam yeeb ntev, haus dej cawv, thiab noj cov tshuaj vitamin hauv ib lub lis piam ntawm txoj kev tshawb no raug cais tawm. Cov neeg kawm raug qhia kom ceeb toom rau lub chaw kuaj mob tom qab noj tshais / pluas mov tsawg kawg 2 teev ua ntej kev kawm. Cov neeg mob tau hais kom lawv lub zais zis ua ntej kaw. Tag nrho cov kev kawm raug xaiv yog cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob uas tsis muaj kev cob qhia ua ntej. Sau ntawv tso cai tau txais los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv tom qab piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej, lub hom phiaj, thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev kawm. Txhua qhov kev xeem tau xeem ob zaug: (1) nrog PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) thiab (2) nrog N95 daim npog qhov ncauj. Randomization tau ua tiav thaum faib txhua qhov kev kawm ua ntu zus ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Tom qab ntawd, electrodes tau muab tso rau sau Lead II electrocardiogram los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv (Powerlab™, AD Instruments, Australia). Lub tshuab ua pa siv txoj siv sia tau kho nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm qib 4 qhov chaw intercostal los sau cov pa ua pa. Temperature Probe tau muab tso rau hauv lub npog ntsej muag los sau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm microenvironment ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, siv qhov sib txawv ECG teeb tsa. Wireless 12 Lead ECG (COSMED, Ltalis) tau muab tso rau sau cov electrocardiogram thiab lub plawv dhia tau muab los ntawm nws thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Lub pulse oximeter tau muab tso rau ntawm tus ntiv tes ntsuas ntawm qhov kev kawm los sau cov feem pua ntawm O2 saturation ntawm hemoglobin (SpO2). Lub tsheb kauj vab ergometer (Carnival, Netherlands) tau siv los ua qhov kev tawm dag zog siv 10W / feeb incremental ce raws tu qauv siv OMNIA 1.4 (CPET) software (COSMED, Ltalis). Kev teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Lub chav kuaj yog cua txias nrog ambient kub ntawm 22–23 degree thiab kuj humidity tsawg (<50%).
Daim npog qhov ncauj
Peb tau siv pov tseg FFP2 / N95 lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag (Suvayu SV9500, Is Nrias teb) thiab PAPR (2 kiv cua thiab N95 lim) (Moksha mask, PQR Technologies Pvt. Ltd., India). Nws siv ob lub kiv cua DC me me - ib qho rau kev nqus pa thiab ib qho rau exhalation. Thawj lub DC kiv cua me me tso rau hauv huab cua los ntawm sab nraud, tom qab lim nws los ntawm N95 / BFE95 lossis ib qho lim dej, thiab xa cov huab cua ntshiab rau tus neeg siv thaum lub kiv cua thib ob cuam tawm cov pa tawm CO2 thiab cov huab cua ya raws. Lub kiv cua tig ntawm 8,{10}} rpm (Fig. 2).
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus
Cov keeb kwm kev kho mob luv luv tau raug coj los txiav txim tawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab kab mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntawm cov ncauj lus. Tom qab muab tsib feeb ntawm lub sijhawm so tsib feeb ntawm ECG cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv yog xaiv rau kev suav lub sijhawm luv luv lub plawv dhia hloov pauv (HRV). Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tau siv los sau HRV12) thaum lub sijhawm no, so lub plawv dhia, SpO2, thiab qib kub hauv lub npog ntsej muag raug sau tseg.
Incremental Exertion Test (IET)
Txhua qhov kev kawm tau ua ob qhov kev xeem ntxiv (IET), ib qho nrog FFP2 / N95 daim npog ntsej muag thiab ib qho nrog PAPR daim npog qhov ncauj. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm hnub nrog tsawg kawg ntawm 48 teev ntawm ob qhov kev xeem. Tag nrho cov kev kawm tau txais kev sov so ntawm 3 feeb kom paub lawv tus kheej nrog cov txheej txheem ce. IET tau ua tiav ntawm lub tsheb kauj vab (electronically braked) ergometer (COSMED, Ltalis) ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 60 kiv puag ncig ib feeb (rpm). Qhov kev sim pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm 0 W nrog kev nce ntawm 10W hauv 1 min (raws li kev nce toj) kom txog rau thaum 80 feem pua ntawm lub plawv dhia siab tshaj plaws. Lub plawv dhia siab tshaj plaws tau suav nrog siv tus qauv qauv (220- Hnub nyoog).
Quantification ntawm kev nplij siab / tsis xis nyob
Peb siv daim ntawv nug tom qab kev tawm dag zog los txheeb xyuas kaum qhov kev nplij siab / tsis xis nyob ntawm kev hnav lub npog ntsej muag: av noo, tshav kub, ua tsis taus pa, khaus, nruj, saltiness, zoo li tsis haum, tsw, nkees, thiab tag nrho tsis xis nyob 4). Kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob tau raug ntsuas tom qab 10 feeb ntawm IET.
Kev txheeb cais
Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia raws li qhov txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv tshwj tsis yog hais tias lwm yam, thiab qib tseem ceeb yog p<0.05. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Software Inc., California, USA). The normal distribution of the data was evaluated by the Shapiro–Wilk test. Two-factor repeated ANOVA with Bonferoni's post hoc test for multiple comparisons was done to determine if there was a change following masking.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Yam ntxwv yam ntxwv
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev tshawb no muaj 21 tus neeg uas 9 (43%) yog poj niam thiab 12 (57%) yog txiv neej (lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab, 28 ± 4 xyoo, thaj tsam 22–35). Kev so nruab nrab lub plawv dhia tsis sib txawv ntawm ob qho xwm txheej xws li, N95 daim npog ntsej muag pab pawg thiab PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) mob (Table 1).
Lub plawv dhia variability thaum lub hauv paus
Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub sijhawm sau - SDSD, RMSSD, zaus sau - LF, HF, Tag Nrho Lub Zog & LF / HF Ratio thiab tsis-linear tsom xam - SD1 / SD2 Ratio nyob hauv ib txwm muaj thiab tsis pom qhov txawv ntawm N95 daim npog ntsej muag thiab PAPR (2fans , N95 lim) (Table 2).
Parameters kawm thaum lub sij hawm incremental exercise test
a) Kev hloov pauv ntawm SpO2:
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntxiv, kev poob ntawm SpO2 tau sau tseg hauv ob lub N95 daim npog ntsej muag thiab PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) ntawm ntau feem pua ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub plawv dhia. Tab sis lub caij nplooj zeeg no tau tsawg dua hauv PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) piv rau N95 daim npog ntsej muag ntawm 60–70 thiab 70–80 feem pua ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub plawv dhia. Thaum nyob ntawm 30–40, 40–50, thiab 50–60 feem pua ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub plawv dhia, qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb tsis muaj qhov txawv txav (Daim duab 3).
Qhov feem pua ntawm qhov poob qis ntawm SpO2 tau sau tseg hauv PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) piv rau N95 daim npog qhov ncauj. Hauv PAPR (2 tus kiv cua, N95 lim) pab pawg, 3 ntawm 21 cov ntsiab lus tau pom> 5% SpO2 lub caij nplooj zeeg piv rau 9 ntawm 21 cov ntsiab lus hauv N95 daim npog ntsej muag siab tshaj 60% ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub plawv dhia (Fig. 4).
b) Hloov kub hauv lub npog ntsej muag:
Qhov kub hauv ob lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg (N95 daim npog qhov ncauj thiab PAPR) tau siab dua qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw (22.31 ± 0). ). Tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm N95 daim npog ntsej muag thiab PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) (Daim duab 5).
Kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob tom qab hnav N95 daim npog qhov ncauj thiab PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim):
Cov qhab nia ntawm cov av noo, kub, ua tsis taus pa, thiab qaug zog tau nce siab dua hauv N95 daim npog ntsej muag ntau dua li hauv PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) (Daim duab 6).
Kev sib tham
Cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias feem pua ntawm cov pa oxygen saturation, microclimate hauv lub npog ntsej muag, thiab cov ntsiab lus kev ntsuas tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab sib npaug los ntawm kev hnav N95 daim npog ntsej muag thiab PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) thaum so.
Lub plawv dhia tsis sib xws thaum lub hauv paus kaw lus tau muab piv rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm peb lub lab12) thiab cov uas tau muab los ntawm HRV Task Force 199613) hauv ob lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, qhia tias lub plawv tsis muaj suab nrov tseem nyob li qub thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv txawv txav hauv parasympathetic thiab sympathetic tone siv ob qho tib si. daim npog qhov ncauj. Rau peb txoj kev paub, qhov no yog thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb los tshaj tawm qhov kev tshawb pom no.
In our study, during incremental exercise there was no significant difference in the fall of SpO2 till 60% of HRmax after that there was a significant difference in the fall of SpO2 noted between both the mask conditions. 9 out of 21 subjects wearing N95 masks had a SpO2 fall of more than 5%, signifying that there could be a subset of the population who are more susceptible to SpO2 fall. While using PAPR (2 fans, N95 filter), the fall in SpO2 during all intensities of the exercise was minimal, only 3 out of 21 subjects had a fall of more than 5%. Powell et al. found that during low-to-moderate exercise there was no significant difference in cardiopulmonary variables such as SpO2, transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcPCO2 ), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) during wearing of N95 mask and PAPRs. This was attributed to the fact that cardiovascular parameters are more impacted by the intensity of exercise rather than the types of masks (N95 and PAPR)14). Similar findings were observed with N95 masks during low-intensity physical activity in the treadmill studies done by Roberge et al 6). However, they also found that there was a 3% increase in inhalation and exhalation resistance when exhaled moisture was retained by the N95 mask15). Epstein et al. noted that exercising with an N95 mask was associated with a significant but mild increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2 ) levels and the differences were more prominent when the intensity of exercise was increased7). In the N95 mask, we found that sweating, humidity, heat perception and fatigue were significantly higher than PAPR (2 fans, N95 filter) during strenuous exercise (>60% ntawm HRmax) thiab qhov no nyob rau hauv lem ua rau kom ua tsis taus pa. Thaum ua tsis taus pa nce ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hnyav, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov leeg ua pa yog nce ntxiv, thiab kev ua pa ntev ntev yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv lub cev ntau dua thiab thaum kawg nce lub preload16). Thiab tom qab ntawd kuj nce ntxiv vim qhov nce ntawm transmural sab laug ventricular pressures17). Cov kev tshawb pom no tuaj yeem pom tau ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ntsws obstructive thiab cov hlab plawv tsis zoo uas muaj lub plawv tsis zoo.
Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, qhov kub thiab txias hauv ob lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg tau nce siab dua li qhov kub ntawm ib puag ncig tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub microenvironments yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thaum lub sijhawm ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Qhov kub thiab txias me ntsis (ntawm 60–70% HRmax) hauv N95 daim npog qhov ncauj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau qhov ua kom txias ntawm hws18). Tab sis nyob rau hauv PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim), muaj cov cua tam sim no uas tau khaws cia, uas txo cov hws, av noo, thiab cov cua kub hauv lub ntsej muag. Hauv cov tib neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab rau kev ntxhov siab, tawm hws tuaj yeem nce ntxiv thiab qhov kev poob ntawm SpO2 tuaj yeem ua rau exaggerated.
Kev siv PAPR (2 tus kiv cua, N95 lim) tuaj yeem nyiam dua N95 daim npog ntsej muag rau kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua kis las lossis kev ua kis las, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev, cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, chaw ua haujlwm tsis muaj cua txias, cov neeg saib hauv chaw ntau pob thiab suab paj nruag concerts, kev cob qhia tub rog, thiab lwm yam. . Tab sis rau kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb ntawm PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim), yuav tsum tau tsim cov qauv sib dua, tsis tshua muaj hnyav, siv tau ntau dua, thiab cov qauv tsim nyog.
Cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no suav nrog cov neeg tsawg tsawg (12 tus txiv neej, 9 tus poj niam). Vim muaj kev txwv tsis pub kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, kev tshawb fawb yam tsis hnav lub npog ntsej muag tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas spirometry. Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw soj nstuam uas qhov ntsuas kub nyob ib puag ncig yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg hauv qhov chaw kub thiab av noo.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej, lwm yam kev mob plawv xws li EtCO2, lub ntsws ntim hloov pauv, VO2 max, thiab cov roj ntsha hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov theem sib txawv ntawm kev tawm dag zog tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam hauv lub sijhawm. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov kiv cua sib txawv thiab kev hloov siab hauv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam kom paub meej ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam. Thiab ntxiv mus, cov kev tshawb pom no tuaj yeem pab peb tsim lub npog ntsej muag uas yuav tshem tawm qhov nce hauv kev ua pa.
Xaus
Thaum lub sij hawm so thiab kev ua si lub cev me me, kev siv N95 thiab PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) tsis cuam tshuam rau lub cev thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Tab sis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hnyav (ntawm 60-70% thiab 70-80% ntawm HRmax) poob hauv SpO2 tau qis dua hauv PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) piv rau N95 daim npog qhov ncauj. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau siv lub npog ntsej muag ntev nrog kev ua haujlwm siab lossis kev tawm dag zog thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev, PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) tuaj yeem nyiam dua N95 daim npog ntsej muag.
Kev lees paub
Peb xav ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshawb fawb seem rau lawv qhov kev txhawb nqa rau txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab rau kev pib sib koom tes tshawb fawb pom zoo nrog PQR Technologies Pvt. Ltd., India. Peb kuj xav ua tsaug rau PQR Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Is Nrias teb rau kev muab PAPR (2 kiv cua, N95 lim) - "Moksha mask" rau txoj kev kawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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2) WHO Timeline - COVID-19 (2021) https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19. Tau txais Lub Yim Hli 20, 2021.
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4) Li Y, Tokura H, Guo YP, Wong AS, Wong T, Chung J, Newton E (2005) Cov teebmeem ntawm hnav N95 thiab phais ntsej muag ntawm lub plawv dhia, kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev xav. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 78, 501–9.
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8) Booth FW, Roberts CK, Thyfault JP, Ruegsegger GN, Toedebusch RG (2017) Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov kab mob ntev: evolutionary insight thiab pathophysiological mechanisms. Physiol Rev 97, 1351–402.
9) Grande AJ, Keogh J, Silva V, Scott AM (2020) Kev tawm dag zog tiv thaiv tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog rau qhov tshwm sim, qhov hnyav, thiab lub sijhawm muaj mob ua pa nyuaj. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD010596.
10) Fennelly KP (1997) Tus kheej ua pa tiv thaiv kab mob Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Chest Med 18, 1–17.
11) Khoo KL, Leng PH, Ibrahim IB, Lim TK (2005) Lub ntsej muag hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv kev nkag siab ntawm lub tshuab pa uas siv lub tshuab ua pa thaum lub sij hawm muaj tus kab mob SARS. Respirology 10, 107–10.
12) Tamuli D, Kaur M, Boligarla A, Jaryal AK, Srivastava AK, Deepak KK (2019) Kev nyuaj siab baroreflex rhiab heev los ntawm kev oscillations ntawm lub plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab hauv SCA1 thiab SCA2. Acta Neurol Scand 140, 350–8.
13) Lub plawv dhia sib txawv: cov qauv ntsuas, kev txhais lub cev, thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (1996) Circulation 93, 1043–65.
14) Powell JB, Kim JH, Roberge RJ (2017) Siv lub tshuab nqus cua lim siv hauv kev kho mob: cuam tshuam rau kev hnov mob thiab kev nplij siab. J Occup Environ Hyg 14, 947–54.
15) Roberge RJ, Bayer E, Powell JB, Coca A, Roberge MR, Benson SM (2010) Cov nyhuv ntawm exhaled noo noo ntawm kev ua pa ntawm N95 filtering facepiece respirators. Ann Occup Hyg 54, 671–7.
16) Harms CA, Wetter TJ, McClaran SR, Pegelow DF, Nickele GA, Nelson WB, Hanson P, Dempsey JA (1998) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov leeg ua pa ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab nws qhov kev faib tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws. J Appl Physiol 85, 609–18.
17) Cheyne WS, Harper MI, Gelinas JC, Sasso JP, Eves ND (2020) Mechanical cardiopulmonary interactions while exercises in health and disease. J Appl Physiol 128, 1271–9.
18) Johnson AT, Scott WH, Coyne KM, Sahota MS, Benjamin MB, Rhea PL, Martel GF, Dooly CR (1997) hws npaum li cas hauv lub tshuab ua pa puv puv. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 58, 881-4.
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