Clinical Metabolic Analysis Combined With Traceability Of Biosynthetic Pathway: Ib Txoj Kev Tshiab Rau Cov Cim Zoo Ntawm Suav Materia Medica

Hu rau:joanna.jia@wecistanche.com/ WhatsApp: 008618081934791

Qhov tseem ceeb

"Discovery ntawm chaw kho mob active constituents raws li kev taw qhia, Rov qab tsom xam ntawm metabolic transformations raws li ib tug txuas, thiab Traceability ntawm biosynthesis txoj kev raws li qhov tseem ceeb", ib tug tshiab kev tshawb fawb lub tswv yim rau nrhiav tau zoo marker ntawm Suav materia medica (CMM), txhawb ib tug zoo qauv ntawm CMM.

cistancheua taukho mob raumtxhim kho lub raum ua haujlwm

Abstract

Cov cim zoo (Q-marker) ntawm Suav materia medica (CMM) plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj xyuas kom zoo.CMMcov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tswv yim tshawb fawb thiab cov txheej txheem tseem tsis meej. Raws li qhov tseeb tias tus qauv zoo ntawmCMMyuav tsum tau txuam nrog kev kho mob. Noj Jing1 Jiangtang ntsiav tshuaj khomob ntshav qab zib hom 2ua piv txwv. Q-kos npe cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas rov qab ntawm cov tshuaj metabolism hauv cov chaw kho mob thiab traceability ntawm botanic biosynthetic txoj hauv kev tau tshawb pom thiab siv tau. Yog li ntawd, peb tau npaj ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab ntawm Q-kos cim ntawm CMM nrog "Discovery ntawm cov chaw kho mob active koom haum raws li kev taw qhia, Rov qab tsom xam ntawm metabolic transformations raws li ib tug txuas, thiab Traceability ntawm biosynthesis txoj kev raws li qhov tseem ceeb", los txhim kho kev tswj kom zoo.CMMcov khoom.

Hot Tags: Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv kho mob, Cov cim zoo, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas metabolic, Biosynthetic pathway, Jinqi Jiangtang ntsiav tshuaj,Mob ntshav qab zib hom 2

Cov ntawv luv: Q-marker, Cov cim zoo; CMMChinese materia medica; CAS, (S)-canadine synthase; STOXX, (S)-tetrahydro protoberberine oxidase; JOJTT, Jinqi Jiangtang ntsiav tshuaj; UPLC, Ultra-kev ua haujlwm ua kua chromatography; UPLC-MS/MS, Ultra-performance kua chromatography-tandem huab hwm coj spectrometry; STZ, Streptozocin; HFD, noj zaub mov muaj roj ntau; FBG Fasting ntshav qabzib; PBG Postprandial ntshav qabzib; OGTT, Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ncauj Glucose Tolerance Test.

acteosidehauvcistanchemuaj cov teebmeem zoo rauraum

Keeb kwm

Zoo tswj ntawmSuav materia medica (CMM)yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm CMM, thiab nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab nyuaj teeb meem hauv Suav tshuaj standardization kev tshawb fawb rau lub sij hawm ntev. Cov cim zoo (O-marker) ntawm CMM tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem kub hauv ib txwm muajSuav tshuajnrog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm CMM [1]. Nws cov tswv yim tshawb fawb thiab cov txheej txheem tau dhau los ua cov teeb meem kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas xav kom nthuav dav thiab txhim kho. Tam sim no, kev sib cais thiab kev sim bioactivity ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nquag yog cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb pom Q-kos npe ntawm CMM. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev no yuav ua rau qhov muag tsis pom kev, tsis paub meej, siv sijhawm, thiab ua haujlwm hnyav. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho thiab txhim kho txoj kev xav, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, thiab txoj hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm Q-kos npe ntawm CMM, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txhawb kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm CMM tus qauv ntsuas kev ua tau zoo nrog Q-marker ua lub hauv paus. Lub tswv yim raws li qhov rov qab tsom xam ntawm cov tshuaj metabolism hauv cov chaw kho mob thiab traceability ntawm botanic biosynthetic txoj hauv kev los nrhiav Q-kos npe ntawm CMM yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv los nthuav cov tshuaj Suav tam sim no Q-marker kev tshawb fawb cov tswv yim thiab cov txheej txheem.

Li no, los ntawm lub tswv yim, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Q-kos cim ntawm CMM, peb tawm tswv yim tshiab tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev siv tau ntawm Q-marker, xaiv Jinqi Jiangtang ntsiav tshuaj (JQJTT) nrog cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb raws li cov qauv tshuaj. [2,3]. Raws li qhov tseeb hais tias tus qauv zoo ntawm CMM yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo, nws yuav ua tau zoo pib nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv bioactive hauv cov qauv kuaj mob (xws li ntshav, zis), ua raws li kev taug qab los ntawm botanic biosynthetic txoj hauv kev kom pom cov bioactive. thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thib ob metabolites, uas tej zaum yuav yog O-kos npe. Nrog rau qhov kawg validation los ntawm classic hypoglycemic ntsuam xyuas qauv, paub tseeb hais tias O-kos npe yuav kis tau thiab taug qab, tso cai rau nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev tswj kom zoo ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm JOJTT. Lub tswv yim no hais txog "REVERSE" - los ntawm kev kho tshuaj tshuaj metabolism hauv profile mus rau qhov tseem ceeb botanic intermediate nyob rau hauv biosynthetic pathways- uas ua kom cov nrhiav pom Q-kos npe yog soj ntsuam thiab botanically cuam tshuam, ncaj qha txuas cov cuab yeej ntuj thiab kev kho mob tseem ceeb ntawm CMM. Qhov kev xav tshiab ntawm Q-kos cim ntawm CMM nrog "Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm cov chaw kho mob ua haujlwm raws li kev taw qhia, Rov qab tsom xam ntawm metabolic hloov pauv raws li qhov txuas, thiab Traceability ntawm biosynthesis txoj hauv kev yog qhov tseem ceeb", muab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau theoretical innovation, thev naus laus zis, thiab kev tshawb fawb. Lub tswv yim nthuav dav ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm CMM.

JQJTT, cov qauv qub qub, thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv Qianjin Fang, uas tau luam tawm xyoo 652 AD (Tang Dynasty ntawm Tuam Tshoj), tau sau tseg hauv Suav Pharmacopoeia 2015 tsab (ntim 1), uas muaj Coptis Chinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, thiab Lonicera. japonica). Raws li Suav Pharmacopoeia 2015 ib tsab (ntim 1), peb daim decoction tau npaj rau hauv alkaloid extract,

saponin extract thiab organic acid extract, feem; thiab sib tov rau reparation ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Nrog bioactivities xws li txo cov ntshav qabzib, txhim kho lipid metabolism, thiab insulin rhiab heev, JQJTT tau lees paub tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig kho mob rau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm ob qhov muag tsis pom kev placebo-tswj randomized soj ntsuam sim [4]. Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv zoo ntawm JQJTT tseem yuav tsum tau txhim kho ntxiv.

Lub tswv yim thiab kev tshawb fawb tam sim no ntawm Q-marker ntawm CMN

O-kos npe ntawm CMM yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj tsis zoo lossis tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cuam tshuam nrog CMM tus cwj pwm thiab cov cim qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm CMM hauv tsev kho mob. Q-marker yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li plaub yam yuav tsum tau ua [1]: (1) Q-marker muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj crude, extracts, thiab (lossis) formulations; (2) O-kos npe yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas qhov zoo thiab txiav txim siab ntau, thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog Cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm CMM; (3) Q-Marker yog raws li txoj kev xav thiab kev coj ua ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj; (4) Q-marker muaj kev hloov pauv thiab cov yam ntxwv traceability. Lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm kev kawm ntawm Q-kos npe ntawm CMM muaj txiaj ntsig kev kawm tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kawm ntawm CMM cov qauv zoo. Nws cov tswv yim tshawb fawb thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua cov teeb meem kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas xav kom txhim kho.

Txoj kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm Q-marker ntawm CMM

Txoj kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb los nrhiav Q-kos npe yog los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, thiab kev siv tau ntawm nws cov bioactivity, los ntawm qhov kev vam meej tau ua tiav hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej [5,6]. Raws li txoj hauv kev tshawb fawb ntau hauv daim teb no, xws li txoj kev, txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov tsis xws luag. Chemical constituents nyob rau hauv ntau CMM twb tau tshawb fawb loj heev, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab mob siab rau nrhiav cov tshiab constituents. Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias seb cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem pom los yog seb lawv puas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog bioactivity, Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev paub meej tias seb cov khoom pov thawj pom muaj tiag tiag uas cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yuav tsis suav nrog kev loj hlob ntawm phytochemistry. . Piv txwv li, coptisine feem ntau suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm C. Chinensis, tab sis nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias coptisine tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm Corydalis yanhusuo WT Wang[7]. Tsis tas li ntawd, bioactivity ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yuav nyuaj rau kev ntsuas yog tias nws qis lossis nyuaj rau kev mloog zoo. Yog li ntawd, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm CMM's Q-marker, peb tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb tshiab raws li Q-kos cim npe uas nws yuav tsum tau cuam tshuam nrog kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm CMM, uas hais txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. "Kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo, botanically inherent, traceable nyob rau hauv kev ua, thiab qualitatively & quantitatively detectable".

Raws li paub rau txhua tus, tom qab muaj coob tus neeg koom nrog (muaj peev xwm Q-kos npe) tau txais los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm phytochemical, lawv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas bioactivity yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev pom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, sib nrug los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov bioactivities ntawm txhua tus neeg sib cais, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv xovtooj ntawm tes lossis tsiaj thiab kev kho mob tsis zoo, ua rau kev tshawb pom ntawm "pseudo-Q-marker" uas nyuaj rau. tswj kom zoo thiab koom nrog tsev kho mob [8-11]. Yog li ntawd, cov active constituents yuav nrhiav tau tawm ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg-kev soj ntsuam nyhuv. Qhov tseeb, qhia meej txog lawv txoj cai metabolism hauv vivo, thiab cov qauv saum toj kawg nkaus lossis cov metabolites tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas rov qab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb los tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw kho mob ntsig txog Q-marker.

Intrinsic cuab yeej thiab bioactivity koom haum ntawm theem nrab metabolites muab ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb nrhiav Q-marker

Secondary metabolites nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag biosynthetic pathways yog lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm active constituents nyob rau hauv CMM, uas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm av, huab cua, symbiotic kab mob, cultivation txoj kev, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsim lawv tus kheej cim biosynthetic pathways [12] . Qhov ntawd yog hais tias, txawm hais tias cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg (precursors, intermediates, thiab lwm yam metabolites) ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm tib lub hauv paus muaj ntau yam qauv, lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ib qho kev tsim qauv thiab tsim rau hauv cov khoom sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua tiav txaus tau ua tiav hauv txoj hauv kev biosynthetic ntawm cov khoom siv nquag (cov metabolites thib ob) ntawm CMM [13-15]. Piv txwv li, txoj kev biosynthesis ntawm berberine, ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nquag ntawm C. Chinensis, belongs rau benzylisoquinoline alkaloid synthesis pathway. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid synthesis pib los ntawm L-tyrosine, uas ua rau ob qho tseem ceeb intermediates suav nrog (S)-scoreline thiab (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine los ntawm ntau theem enzymatic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine ces hloov mus rau hauv berberine (Daim duab 1), raws li zoo raws li structurally active koom haum xws li coptisine, palmatine, columbamine, thiab magnoflorine [16], ua rau ib tug scientific teeb meem hais tias seb qhov zoo ntawm kev tswj ntawm C. Chinensis yuav ua tau. yuav tsum paub los ntawm kev tswj hwm (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine lossis (S)-scoreline, feem ntau nce-kwj qhov tseem ceeb nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg paub txog cov koom haum ntawm C. Chinensis. Yog tias nws ua tau, nws muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam thiab tswj ntau qhov chaw qis qis nrog cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov teebmeem los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm CMM. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tawm tswv yim tshiab - "cov koom haum muaj txiaj ntsig tau tshawb pom los ntawm lub tsev kho mob, cov qauv hauv qab los yog cov metabolites ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau thim rov qab los ntawm txoj cai metabolic hauv vivo, thiab cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab no ua rau muaj peev xwm Q-marker", yog qhov kev txhim kho tshiab los nthuav dav. txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no ntawm CMM's Q-marker (Daim duab 2).

Q-kos npe ntawm JQJTT tuaj yeem tshawb pom los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke - "Discovery ntawm cov chaw kho mob ua haujlwm, Rov qab tsom xam ntawm metabolic transformations thiab Traceability ntawm biosynthesis pathways"

Tam sim no, qhov zoo ntawm JQJTT yog tswj los ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv ib nrab thiab cov kev cai dav dav rau kev npaj, uas tsis txaus los cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov mis, thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev sib txuas cov khoom zoo thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj crude, decoction pieces, thiab kev npaj. Nrog nws cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, tshawb nrhiav ntau cov metabolism ntawm cov khoom siv bioactive hauv vivo, thiab botanic biosynthetic txoj hauv kev, JQJTT tuaj yeem ua tus qauv txhawb kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb pom thiab kev siv tau ntawm Q-marker ntawm CMM.

Kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm tus qauv qauv ntawm JQJTT, thiab kev sau cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg mob uas tswj hwm nrog JQJTT

Kev npaj JQJTT yog tsim los nrog tsim nyog Coptis Chinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, thiab Lonicera japonica tom qab cov txheej txheem hauv Suav Pharmacopoeia 2015 tsab (ntim 1). Raws li cov qauv kev cai hauv tebchaws, kev txiav txim siab ntau yam thiab cov tshuaj ntiv tes tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntsuas ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj tsis zoo, decoction pieces, thiab kev npaj, uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tom ntej tuaj yeem sib piv thiab traceable. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua raws li kev kho mob ethics thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev suav thiab cais tawm, cov neeg mob nrogmob ntshav qab zib hom 2tau muab JQJTT, thiab lawv cov ntshav kuaj tau sau.

Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv absorbed thiab cov khoom lag luam metabolic ntawm JQJTT thiab lawv cov kev txheeb xyuas rov qab raws li kev hloov pauv.

Raws li cov txheej txheem tsim, cov khoom siv absorbed thiab lawv cov khoom metabolic ntawm JQJTT yog txiav txim siab los ntawm UPLC-QTOF / MSE lossis UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS / MS, thiab cov qauv tsis paub sib xyaw thiab cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem raug kwv yees. Tom ntej no, ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev rov qab tsom xam, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm JOJTT absorbed hauv cov ntshav thiab lawv txoj kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem kwv yees thiab elucidated, raws li cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lawv cov khoom (Daim duab 3).

Txoj cai hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv JQJTT tuaj yeem taug qab tau raws li "cov tshuaj tsis zoo, decoction pieces thiab npaj"

Nrog rau kev qhia meej ntawm cov khoom xyaw absorbed nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab lawv cov metabolites, cov khoom siv hauv cov tshuaj crude, decoction pieces, thiab kev npaj muaj feem xyuam rau JQJTT raug kuaj pom los ntawm UPLC lossis UPLC-MS / MS kom rov qab taug qab thiab txheeb xyuas thiab thaum kawg xyuas kom meej tias cov metabolites theem nrab yuav tsum yog dab tsi. tsom rau hauv cov tshuaj crude lossis nroj tsuag.

Nrog rau kev qhia meej ntawm cov khoom xyaw absorbed nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab lawv cov metabolites, cov khoom siv hauv cov tshuaj crude, decoction pieces, thiab kev npaj muaj feem xyuam rau JQJTT raug kuaj pom los ntawm UPLC lossis UPLC-MS / MS kom rov qab taug qab thiab txheeb xyuas thiab thaum kawg xyuas kom meej tias cov metabolites theem nrab yuav tsum yog dab tsi. tsom rau hauv cov tshuaj crude lossis nroj tsuag.

Kev tshawb pom ntawm lub peev xwm Q-kos npe ntawm JQJTT los ntawm botanic biosynthetic txoj kev

Nrog rau cov txheej txheem biosynthetic kom pom tseeb raws li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, cov khoom siv absorbed nrog cov peev xwm xa tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv traceable raug xaiv los txheeb xyuas lawv cov metabolites theem nrab lossis cov nruab nrab tseem ceeb, uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua Q-kos cim yog tias lawv yog bioactive, inherent, thiab muaj peev xwm kis tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem taug qab thiab kuaj pom.

Lub validation ntawm Q-kos npe ntawm JQJTT los ntawm classical evaluation qauv muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev kho mob nyhuv

Cov peev txheej Q-kos npe ntawm JQJTT yog qhov zoo thiab ntsuas ntau los ntawm UPLC lossis UPLC-MSMS. Ua raws li Suav Pharmacopeia, bioassays ntawm ntau pawg ntawm JQJTT tau ua nyob rau hauv cov qauv hypoglycemic tsim hauv cov hlwb (insulin resistance cell qauv tsim siv HepG2 hlwb) [17 thiab tsiaj txhu (cov nas noj nrog cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau, ua raws li kev txhaj tshuaj intraperitoneal). streptozocin) [18]. Siv cov kev txheeb xyuas ntau yam sib txawv, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm O-kos npe thiab kev ua haujlwm hypoglycemic raug soj ntsuam thiab Q-kos cim ntawm JQJTT thaum kawg tau lees paub. Kev soj ntsuam xyuas rov qab tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas thaum tsim nyog.

Rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb muab cov tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim los tsim ib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau CMM's Q-marker,

uas yog raws li "Discovery ntawm kev soj ntsuam active constituents, Rov qab tsom xam ntawm metabolic transformations thiab Traceability ntawm biosynthesis pathways", thiaj li mus ntxiv thiab txhim kho txoj kev xav thiab technical txoj kev ntawm CMM'Q-marker (Daim duab 4).

Kev sib tham

Lub tswv yim ntawm lub tswv yim tshiab, Q-marker, ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo tam sim no, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig kev kawm tseem ceeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Thiab txhawm rau txhawb kev hloov pauv thiab txhim kho kev tswj hwm zoo hauv CMM nrog O-kos npe yog qhov tseem ceeb, cov tswv yim tshawb fawb thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nthuav dav thiab txhim kho.

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, hais txog qhov tseeb tias CMM tus qauv zoo yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob, peb tawm tswv yim tshiab tias kev tshawb pom ntawm O-marker tuaj yeem pib los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv bioactive los ntawm kev soj ntsuam soj ntsuam, tom qab ntawd rov qab tsom xam. hais txog tshuaj metabolism hauv vivo. Lub tswv yim no kov yeej qhov tsis xws luag uas qhov kev tshawb fawb ib txwm hais txog kev tswj xyuas zoo yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev koom nrog kev kho mob kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo, thiab tiv thaiv cov kev tshawb fawb ib txwm los ntawm qhov muag tsis pom thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Peb lub tswv yim txhawb nqa kev tswj xyuas zoo tam sim no ntawm CMM kom ua tau zoo tsim kho tshiab, nrog cov txiaj ntsig kho tau tseeb thiab nthuav dav biosynthesis txoj hauv kev yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav tsum taw qhia tias lub tswv yim tshiab yog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab, tsis yog qhov tsis lees paub ntawm CMM txoj kev tshawb fawb Q-kos npe tam sim no. Muaj tseeb tiag, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm CMM's Q-marker muaj kev txwv tsis pub dhau. Piv txwv li, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tuaj yeem siv rau botanical, tsis yog tsiaj lossis tshuaj ntxhia. Thiab txoj hauv kev botanical biosynthetic thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ncauj lus yuav tsum tau qhia ib feem. Tsis tas li ntawd, tau txais cov qauv kuaj mob yuav tsis yooj yim rau qee qhov chaw kuaj mob, Txawm li cas los xij, ua raws li lub tswv yim, txoj cai, thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm CMM's O-marker, txoj kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txhua lub tswv yim tshawb fawb muaj qee qhov kev thov. Nws yuav tsum raug xaiv thiab hloov pauv raws li cov khoom tshawb fawb sib txawv, txhawm rau koom ua ke txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev txhim kho ntawm txoj kev xav thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm CMM's Q-marker.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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