Cistanches Herba: Tshuaj Chemical thiab Pharmacological teebmeem

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Lin-Wang et al

TSAB NTAWV

Cistanches Herba, lub npe hu ua 'Ginseng ntawm cov suab puam', yog authenticated los ntawm qhuav succulent stems ntawmCistanchedeserticola thiab Cistanche tubulosa. Raws li ib tug nto moo tshuaj nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj rau tonicraum, nws yog siv los kho 'mob raum-deficiency syndrome' -induced kab mob xws li infertility, tsis nco qab, hnov ​​tsis hnov, cem quav, thiab lwm yam. Raws li ntau yam kev ua ub no, xws li kev tiv thaiv kev laus, antioxidant, estrogenic, anti-osteoporotic, thiab anti- Cov teebmeem tshwm sim, tau pom, ntawm no peb tau tshuaj xyuas Cistanches Herba hauv cov yam ntxwv lom neeg, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov haujlwm ua tshuaj.

Ntsiab lus
bioactive cov ntsiab lus;Cistanches Herba; pharmacological teebmeem

Cistanchetubulosativ thaivraumkab mob, nyem qhov no kom tau txais cov qauv

1 Kev Taw Qhia

Cistanches Herbayog qhuav succulent stems ntawmCistanchedeserticolaYC Ma thiab C. tubulosa(Schrenk) Nyhav, belongs rauCistancheHoffman. thiab txuas hauv tsev neeg Orobanchaceae. Nws yog ib tug paub zoo Suav materia medica (CMM) rau kev kho mob ntawm lub raum tsis muaj peev xwm, infertility, thiab chronic constipation (Pharmacopoeia Committee ntawm PR Tuam Tshoj, 2010) uas twb xub piav nyob rau hauv Shen Nong's Herbal Classic raws li ib tug top-grade tshuaj ua raws li los ntawm ob peb. classical tej hauj lwm, xws li Bencao Jingshu, Bencao Huiyan, thiab Yue Hua Zi Bencao.Cistanches Herbayog ib qho kev kho mob ntawm ntau tshaj 2000 xyoo nyob rau hauv Suav teb uas yog rau tonifying lub raum (Zhang li al, 1994) thiab invigorating tus Yang (Leong li al, 2015; Jiang li al, 2005), ib sab ntawm ginseng nyob rau hauv qeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa thiab txhawb nqa cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntshav, moisten dryness, thiab lwm yam. Nws tau siv los kho impotence, infertility, lub duav thiab lub hauv caug crymodynia, thiab cem quav vim los ntawm ntshav qaug zog.

Thawj cov nroj tsuag ntawmCistanches HerbaCov kab mob parasitic rau cov nroj tsuag hauv genus Cistanche Hoffman. et Link suav nrog ib ncig ntawm 20 hom dav dav hauv thaj chaw sov sov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia, los ntawm Iberian Peninsula mus rau sab qaum teb Africa, Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, qaum teb Is Nrias teb, ex-Soviet Central Asian xeev, Mongolia, thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Hauv Suav teb, muaj plaub hom tsiaj loj xws li C. deserticola hauv Inner Mongolia, Gansu xeev, thiab sab qaum teb Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, C. salsa (CA Mey.) G. Beck hauv Inner Mongolia, Gansu thiab Qinghai xeev, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Cheeb tsam, thiab Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, C. tubulosa nyob rau yav qab teb Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, thiab C. Sinensis G. Beck nyob rau hauv Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, thiab Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, thiab ib tug variant hom C. salsa var. albiflor PF Tu et ZC Lou hauv Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region thiab Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm hardiness thiab drought tsis kam, nws yog tsuas yog faib nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitude ntawm 36 degree í37 degree thiab dotted nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob thoob plaws Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai xeev, Ningxia Hui, thiab Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions (Chen li al, 2005; Shi li al, 2009).

Ntawm no peb tau tshuaj xyuasCistanches Herbanyob rau hauv bioactive compounds, pharmacological teebmeem, thiab lwm yam, uas tej zaum yuav yog ib tug siv rau kev kawm ntxiv thiab siv cov tshuaj no.

2 Chemical constituents

Muaj ntau yam bioactive constituents nyob rau hauv lub stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub genusCistancheHoffman. thiab Link suav nrog phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, galactitol, volatile Cheebtsam, iridoids, lignin, thiab nws glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, thiab lwm yam (Table 1).

2.1 Phenylethanoid glycosides

Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) yog cov khoom siv bioactive tseem ceeb hauv Cistanche hom xws li cinnamic acid, Ε-glucopyranose, thiab hydroxyphenylethyl moieties, txuas nrog ester thiab glycosidic linkages.

Saccharides ntawm PhGs tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov piam thaj (Glc) thiab rhamnose (Rha), thiab cov piam thaj hauv nruab nrab txuas nrog aglycone ncaj qha. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv ntawm PhGs raug cais raws li hauv qab no: Glc feem ntau txuas ncaj qha nrog aglycone nrog a (3 ĺ 1) Rha linkage, thiab a

coumaroyl lossis caffeoyl feem ntau nyob ntawm C-4 lossis C-6 ntawm Glc. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho ntxiv Glc lossis Rha feem ntau yog txuas ntawm C-6 ntawm sab hauv Glc thaum PhG yog trisaccharide glycoside, xws li ferulic acid lossis coumaroyl benzene acryloyl pawg (Tu et al, 1997; Liu et al 2011; Morikawa thiab al 2010; Liu et al 2013; Nan et al 2013). PhGs feem ntau muaj xws li echinacoside (ECH), acteoside, isoacteoside, 2'-acetylacteoside, decaffeoy- lacteoside, cistanosides AE, G, thiab H, 2ƍ-acetylcistanoside C, isocistanoside C, tubulosides AE, isotubuloside, isotubuloside, B2, cistantubuloside C1, thiab C2, salsasides DF, kankanosides FG, osmanthuside B, 2'-acetyl-osmanthuside, cistansinenside A, syringalide A, 3'- -L-rhamnopyranoside, isosyringalide A3'- -L-rhamnopyranoside, salidroside, crenatoside I, jionoside D, poliumoside, eutigoside, pheliposide, thiab campneosides I thiab II (Daim duab 1).

2.2 Saccharides Cov

Saccharides nyob hauv ntau qhov sib npaug ntawmCistanchehom, ntawm cov polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, thiab galactitol yog lub ntsiab bioactive tebchaw thiab tau kawm ntau heev. Lawv yuav raug tshawb xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv cov haujlwm pharmacological.

2.2.1 Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides (Poly), cov carbohydrate feem ntawmCistanches Herba, muaj ntau tshaj kaum cov suab thaj yooj yim uas txuas nrog glycosidic linkages. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm monosaccharides, feem ntau yog raws li nram no: qabzib, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, thiab fructose. Txhawm rau nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm Poly nrog rau nws qhov hnyav molecular, qhov hnyav molecular faib, monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic linkages, thiab monosaccharides- glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus, nrog rau cov rov ua dua ntawm Poly yog tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej tsom nrog qhov tseem ceeb (Lei et ib., 2008). Polysaccharides feem ntau suav nrog cistan A, CDA-1A, CDA-3B, CDP-4, ACDP-2 (Daim duab 2), thiab SPA (Daim duab 3).

2.2.2 Oligosaccharides Cov
Oligosaccharides yog ib txoj hlua ncaj los yog cov saw hlau uas txuas nrog ob mus rau kaum monosaccharides los ntawm glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus. Oligosaccharides, nrog rau cov derivatives sib thooj, yog cov khoom ntawm PhGs tom qab poob phenethylol aglycones, suav nrog
cistantubuloses A1, A2, cistanoside I, thiab cistanoside F.
2.2.3 Galactitol ua
Galactitol, ib qho ntawm cov monosaccharides uas tuaj yeem nqus tau hauv txoj hnyuv sai tshaj plaws, kuj yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qauv zoo ntawmCistanches Herbahauv Hong Kong, Suav. Galactitol yog cov khoom txo qis ntawm galactose, lub luag haujlwm rau laxative bioactivity.

2.3 Volatile Cheebtsam

Volatile Cheebtsam ntawmCistanches HerbaFeem ntau muaj cov cawv, alkanes, aldehydes, thiab heterocyclic, uas eugenol yog lub ntsiab ntawm C. deserticola thiab palmitic acid, thiab linoleic acid yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm C. tubulosa (Jiang li al, 2009).

2.4 Ib

Cov iridoid glycosides los ntawmCistanches Herbamuaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: C-1 txawm tias muaj qabzib, C-5 thiab C-9 rau ȕ-H, C-4 qee zaum muaj carboxyl, hydroxyl feem ntau muaj nyob ntawm C -6, C-7, C-8, los yog C-10, los yog hydroxy poob los ua ob daim ntawv cog lus los yog epoxy ether daim ntawv cog lus. Iridoids muaj xws li cistachlorin, cistanin, kankanol, thiab argyol. Iridoid glycosides suav nrog adoxosidic acid, antirrhide, bartsioside, catalpol, 6-deoxycatalpol, 8-epideoxyloganic acid, 8-epiloganic acid, 8-epiloganin, geniposidic acid, gluroside, kaniposides, A-D, leonuride (ajugol), mussaenosidic acid, thiab phelypaeside II.

2.5 Lignin thiab nws cov glycosides

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau cais ib lub lignan thiab ob peb lignan glycosides. Lub lignan yog (ntxiv rau )-pinoresinol, thiab cov lignan glycosides yog, dehydrodiconiferyl cawv-4- O- -D-glucoside, dehydrodiconiferyl cawv-4-O-'-D- glucoside, (ntxiv rau) -pinoresinol monomethyl ether- -D-glucopyranoside, (plus)-syringaresinol-4'-O- -D-glucopyranoside, (ntxiv) -isoeucommin A, eucommin A, lariciresinol, 4'- O- -D-glucopyranoside, lariciresinol 4-O- -D-glucopyranoside, sab conical, dehydrodiconiferyl cawv 4-O- -D-glucopyranoside, dehydrodiconiferyl cawv '-O- -D-glucoside, citrus A, thiab alaschanioside A (Nan et al, 2015).

2.6 Lwm yam khoom

Muaj lwm yam khoom xws li flavonoids (Suab, 2013), alkaloids xws li betaine thiab N, N-dimethyl glycine methyl ester (Gong et al, 2007), fatty acids, sterols, los yog lawv glycosides, thiab lwm yam.

3. Pharmacological kev ua ub no

3.1 PhD

Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav tau tshaj tawm tias ntau dua 20 PhGs nrog ib hom polyphenolic tebchaw, uas echinacoside (Txhua) thiab acteoside (Act) yog cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb nrog ntau yam bioactivities xws li tiv thaiv oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-apoptotic, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, neuroprotection, anti-apoptotic, phytoestrogen, thiab kev kho mob osteoporosis tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus kub. Cov teebmeem pharmacological ntawm PhGs muaj feem xyuam nrog cov hauv qab no.

3.1.1 Kev tiv thaiv oxidation

Xiong et al (1996) qhia tias Txhua, polyphenolic compound, muaj ntau phenolic hydroxyl uas tuaj yeem khi nrog dawb radicals. Yog li ntawd lub cev yuav tiv thaiv los ntawm oxidative puas tsuaj vim dawb radicals tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv loj accumulating nyob rau hauv lub cev.

Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb (Lei et al, 2004; Tu et al, 2004; Liu et al, 2005) tau qhia tias Txhua tus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam zoo rau · OH thiab O2· radicals hauv vitro. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov haujlwm ntawm glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) thiab superoxide dismutase (SOD), txo cov ntsiab lus malondialdehyde (MDA), thiab inhibit aging induced los ntawm D-galactose.
Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb (Li et al, 2009; Yang et al, 2009) qhia tias Txhua, Act, thiab isoacteoside muaj cov dej num ntawm kev tshem tawm (DPPH·) thiab antioxidant.

3.1.2 Txhim kho kev nco thiab kev tiv thaiv neuroprotection
Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias PhGs tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev ntawm nas, thiab lawv tuaj yeem siv los kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev tsis zoo thiab txhim kho kev nco.

Gao et al (2005) thiab Li et al (2011) tau qhia tias PhGs (nrog 44.3 feem pua ​​​​Txhua) tuaj yeem txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco nyob rau hauv cov qauv focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ntawm vascular dementia nas, thiab kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txawj ntse.
Chen et al (2007a) thiab lwm cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau qhia tias Txhua tus tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev raug mob hnyav los ntawm 6-OHDA nas striatal extracellular DA thiab nws cov ntsiab lus metabolite poob qis. Ech kuj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho tus kab mob Parkinson (An et al, 2011).
Liu et al (2011) tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm PhGs hauvCistanches Herbantawm kev kawm thiab kev nco tsis zoo uas tshwm sim los ntawm scopolamine hauv cov nas thiab pom tias PhGs tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm choline acetylase (ChAT) thiab SOD thaum txo qis qib ntawm cholinesterase (AChE) thiab malondialdehyde (MDA) hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv hlwb thiab txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco. muaj peev xwm.
Min et al (2013) tau tshaj tawm tias Txhua tus tuaj yeem hla cov ntshav-hlwb thaiv kev ywj pheej thiab qhib Trk receptors uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov neurons, thiab lawv txoj hauv kev downstream teeb liab, kom ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias Ech tiv thaiv cov hlwb neuronal los ntawm cov dawb radical scavenging (Kuang et al, 2009).

3.1.3 Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hlwb hlwb thiab tiv thaiv apoptotic nyhuv
Apoptosis yog ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic uas ua rau cov txheej txheem cell tuag nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov paj hlwb. Neurodegenerative kab mob thiab kev raug mob nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si excitatory neurons txhawb cell apoptosis thiab oxidative puas. Deng et al (2005) tau nthuav tawm tias Ech tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hlwb lossis tsiaj hlwb apoptosis thiab txo tus nqi apoptosis. Thiab Xu et al (2011) tau qhia tias PhGs tuaj yeem ncua kev laus los ntawm lawv cov haujlwm antioxidant.

3.1.4 Antitumor kev ua
Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb (Li et al, 1995; Liu et al, 2008) qhia tias ECH cais tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Pedicularis Linn. muaj cov haujlwm antitumor.
3.1.5 Hepatoprotective nyhuv
Wu et al (2007) tau qhia tias kev txhaj tshuaj IP ntawm Txhua (50 mg / kg) tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog hepatotoxicity tshwm sim los ntawm CCl4 hauv cov nas. Xiong et al (1996) tau tshaj tawm tias plaub phenethyl cawv glycosides (xws li Ech) tau txais los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Cistanche Hoffmg. thiab Link muaj cov haujlwm hepatoprotective.
3.1.6 Phytoestrogen nyhuv
Wang et al (2015) thiab Zhao et al (2007) pom tias Ech thiab Act cais los ntawmCistanches Herbanrog phytoestrogens kev ua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ERE-nce cov neeg sau xov xwm gene kev ua haujlwm.
3.1.7 Kev kho mob pob txha thiab pob txha kho
Hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj (TCM) txoj kev xav, lub raum tsim cov pob txha thiab dominates pob txha. Cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj niaj hnub no tau pom tias cov tshuaj ntxiv rau lub raum muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm pituitary-adrenal-gonadal system, thiab cov pob txha metabolism muaj feem cuam tshuam. Cov tshuaj estrogen tuaj yeem txhim kho osteogenesis ntsig txog androgens thiab txhawb nqa cov protein synthesis thiab pob txha matrix kom nce lub luag haujlwm ntawm calcium thiab phosphate deposition. PhGs, isoacteoside, thiab betaine hauvCistanches Herbatxhua tus muaj androgen-zoo li cov teebmeem thiab tuaj yeem txhawb cov pob txha pob txha mesenchymal qia hlwb (BMSCs) qhia kev sib txawv rau hauv osteoblasts. Rau kev kho mob pob txha, pob txha kho yuav muaj kev cia siab zoo (Zeng and Liu, 2010).
Hai et al (2013), Liang et al (2013), Gao et al (2013), thiab Liu et al (2013) nrhiav pom tiasCistanches Herbaaqueous extract los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm cov ntshav BGP, TRAP, E2, FSH, thiab LH, qib E2, Smad1, Smad5, TGF- '1, thiab TIEG1 mRNA, thiab cov protein qhia hauv cov qauv ntawm postmenopausal osteoporosis, molding los ntawm ovariectomized (OVX) nas, txhawm rau tiv thaiv pob txha los yog kho kab mob osteoporosis.

3.1.8 Immunomodulatory nyhuv
Li et al (1997) pom tias PhGs tuaj yeem txhim kho SOD kev ua haujlwm hauv erythrocytes, txo MDA cov ntsiab lus hauv cov nas tsuag, nce DNA thiab RNA cov ntsiab lus hauv daim siab thiab lub raum, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev laus thiab tseem muaj lwm yam teebmeem.
3.1.9 Kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev kho mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Speroni et al (2002) tau nthuav tawm tias ECH muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txhawb kev kho qhov txhab.
Li et al (1992) tau qhia tias ECH muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov teebmeem ntawm UVA / UVB hluav taws xob ua rau cov tawv nqaij puas tsuaj. PhGs muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov nas irradiated.

3.1.10 Anti-inflammatory
Xiong et al (1999; 2000) pom tias PhGs tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txoj cai pom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tshem tawm NO radical raws li nws cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant.
Jia et al (2014) tau qhia tias PhGs tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob colitis hauv nas vim yog dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv los ntawm kev raug mob los ntawm kev txhim kho qhov hloov pauv kev loj hlob (TGF) - thiab 1.
3.1.11 Kev kho mob ntawm qhov siab siab
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb (Jin et al, 2014; Tao et al, 2014; Luo et al, 2014) tau tshawb pom tias PhGs tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov siab ntawm pulmonary edema thiab high-altitude cerebral edema los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm GSH-Px, SOD thiab txo qis. IL-6, TNF-Į, MDA hauv lub ntsws homogenate. Cov nyhuv no yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov kev tiv thaiv oxidative thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.
3.1.12 Cov nyhuv Hypoglycemic
Morikawa et al (2014) tau qhia tias Txhua thiab Txoj Cai ntawm C. tubulosa tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog inhibit qhov nce hauv cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho cov piam thaj hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Cov teebmeem no yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm inhibitory ntawm PhGs tiv thaiv tib neeg txoj hnyuv maltase thiab lens aldose reductase. Thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws hom kev ua yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv. Yog li, PhGs yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv hyperglycemic.
3.1.13 Lwm yam teebmeem
Pan et al (2004) thiab Min et al (2004) tau qhia tias PhGs tuaj yeem txhim kho cov haujlwm hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, txhawb nqa hauv vivo tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neurotransmitters thiab cov tshuaj hormones, nce libido, thiab txhim kho lub cev kev txawj ntse rau kev tiv thaiv.
Wu et al (2003) nthuav tawm qee qhovCistanches Herbaglycosides muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws nrog cov vitamin E, uas muaj phenolic hydroxyl pawg thiab hydroxyl ua haujlwm.

3.2 Polysaccharides

3.2.1 Immunomodulatory nyhuv
Zeng et al (1998; 2002) qhia tiasCistanchepolysaccharides (CPS) tuaj yeem ua kom cov lus teb loj hlob ntawm tus po thiab thymus lymphocytes thiab muaj kev sib koom ua ke nrog concanavalin (ConA) thiab phytohemagglutinin. CPS tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm murine
thymocytes thiab txhim kho murine splenic T lymphocytes kom secrete interleukin -2 (IL-2).
Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb (Wang et al, 2009; Qi et al, 2009) tau qhia tias CPS tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes ntawm mitogen (ConA thiab lipopolysaccharide) activated thiab non-activated lymphocytes thiab secretion ntawm IL-2. Kev tswj hwm tus IP nrog CPS tuaj yeem txhim kho tus po indexes ntawm ob qho tib si thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob.

Xu et al (1997) tau tshaj tawm tias CPS muaj cov txiaj ntsig rov qab los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus po nyob rau hauv cov nas nrog stagnation ntawm daim siab Qi ntxias los ntawm carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), thiab kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm nws. tshwm sim tsis haum.

3.2.2 Kev tiv thaiv oxidative thiab tiv thaiv kev laus
Xue et al (1995) tau qhia tias CPS tuaj yeem txo cov tawv nqaij laus zuj zus, txhim kho cov tawv nqaij elasticity, nce hydroxyproline cov ntsiab lus hauv cov tawv nqaij tsiaj, nce collagen fiber ntau thiab SOD ua kom, thiab txo lub cev ester lipofuscin tsub zuj zuj.
Wu et al (2004) thiab Fu et al (2004) tau tshaj tawm tias CPS tau pom qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv lipid peroxidation ua haujlwm ntawm cov nas laus subacute los ntawm D-galactose.
Xu et al (2008) tau tshaj tawm tias CPS tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ca2 ntxiv -ATP enzyme hauv daim siab ntawm cov laus qauv nas, daim nyias nyias ntawm daim siab mitochondrial, cov haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob ua pa nyuaj I ntxiv rau III thiab II ntxiv III.
Cov kws tshawb fawb (Sun et al, 2001; Xu et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2011) tau tshaj tawm tias CPS tuaj yeem txhim kho lub ntsws, erythrocyte SOD, thiab GSH-Px qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nas laus, thiab tiv taus oxidative puas thiab senescence.
3.2.3 Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab
Zhang et al (1996) tau tshaj tawm tias CPS cuam tshuam rau lub siab puas tsuaj thaum txo qhov nce ntawm cov ntshav alanine aminotransferase thiab aspartate aminotransferase vim lub siab thiab cov poov xab ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
3.2.4 Qhov cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm fibroblasts
Gao et al (1998) tau soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CPS nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tib neeg fibroblast thiab ua pov thawj tias cov tshuaj tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob hauv vitro ntawm tib neeg fibroblasts.
3.2.5 Hematopoietic muaj nuj nqi
Chen et al (2007b) tau tshaj tawm tias CPS tuaj yeem txhawb nqa pob txha hlwb hauv G0/G1 theem rau S theem nrog rau cov hlwb hauv S theem rau G2/M theem hloov. Yog li cov hlwb hauv G2 / M theem tau nce zuj zus hauv tus lej, thiab kev loj hlob Performance index (PI) kuj yog
nce ntxiv. CPS tuaj yeem txhawb kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob txha pob txha thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav erythroid megakaryocytes los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes hauv cov pob txha ntawm cov nas anemia.
3.2.6 Inhibitory nyhuv
CPS cov tshuaj muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm Colon Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thiab Penicillium citrinum, uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho tsim nyog thiab kev siv cov nroj tsuag hauv Cistanche Hoffmg. thiab Link (Wang and Zhu, 2009).

3.3 Cov tshuaj Oligosaccharides

Functional oligosaccharide yog ib qho nyuaj los yog tsis zom thaum nqus los ntawm lub cev. Yog li nws yog muab raws li tus nqi qis lossis tsis muaj zog, thiab siv los ua zaub mov tsis muaj zog rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib, rog, lossis ntshav qab zib tsawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem qhib lub plab hnyuv bifidobacteria thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Txij li cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm oligosaccharides, raws li cov dej-soluble dietary fiber, tsis zom thiab nqus los ntawm lub cev, lawv muaj qee qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm kev noj haus fiber ntau, xws li txo cov roj cholesterol thiab tiv thaiv kab mob plab. Txawm hais tias lawv yog cov molecules me me, lawv tsis hloov lub koom haum qub ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo nkauj thiab lub cev lub cev thaum ntxiv rau cov khoom noj (Bai, 2006).

3.4 Galactitol Cov

Tu et al (1997b) tau tshaj tawm tias cov khoom xyaw laxative yog galactitol hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm Cistanche Hoffmg. thiab Link. Txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm koob tshuaj pom tau tias 1.1 feem pua ​​​​galactitol muaj cov nyhuv laxative, vim tias cov koob tshuaj maj mam nce cov nyhuv laxative. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau 10 feem pua ​​​​galactitol mus rau tiaj. Cov nyhuv laxative tsis muaj zog nrog kev nce koob tshuaj. (Zhang and Zhao, 2003a; 2003b; Tu and He, 1997; Pharmacopoeia Committee of PR China, 2010).

Ren et al (1987) tau hais tias cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob cem quav muaj ntau heev tab sis ntau tus muaj ntau yam kev phiv los yog muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev raug mob.CistanchesHerbayog qab zib, qaub, qab ntsev, sov, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab nourished lub essence thiab cov ntshav ntawm daim siab thiab lub raum. Tom qab noj tshuaj ntsuab, daim siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob tsis paub txog kev raug mob.

3.5 Volatile Cheebtsam

Tam sim no, ob peb tsab ntawv ceeb toom muaj nyob rau ntawm bioactive los ntawm cov khoom tsis hloov pauv, uas -sitosterol yog cov khoom tseem ceeb.

3.5.1 Hepatoprotective nyhuv

-sitosterol tau pom tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm lom neeg hauv avCistanchesHerba. -sitosterol, muaj cov nyhuv hepatoprotection, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv daim siab tiv thaiv CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity los ntawm kev txhim kho mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling los txhim kho mitochondrial glutathione redox raws li txoj cai (Wong et al, 2014). Thiab -sitosterol yog lub peev xwm bioactive compound los tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab vim raug mob hauv daim siab.

3.5.2 Cov nyhuv txo qhov hnyav
Wong et al (2015; 2014) pom qhov ntawd -sitosterol tuaj yeem ua rau cov mitochondrial uncoupling thiab ua kom lub AMPK/PGC-1 txoj hauv kev hauv C2C12 myotubes kom nce zog noj. -sitosterol tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev noj zaub mov kom rog thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism hauv kev txawv txav.

3.5.3 Cardioprotective nyhuv
Wong et al (2013) thiab Siu et al (2010) qhia tias ȕ-sitosterol muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv myocardial. Lub mechanism yuav yog li ntawd -sitosterol muaj peev xwm ua kom cov mitochondrial reactive oxygen hom los ntawm kev tswj mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling.

3.6 Lwm yam teebmeem tshuaj

Ntxiv rau,Cistanches Herbatuaj yeem thim rov qab lossis txo qhov kev ua me nyuam toxicity tshwm sim los ntawm glycoside ntawm Tripterygii Radix et Rhizoma los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov phev uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua me nyuam (Li et al, 2014).

CistanchesHerbaKuj tseem tuaj yeem txo cov qog nqaij hlav toxicity tshwm sim los ntawm hydroxyurea thiab txo cov degeneration ntawm cov spermatogenetic hlwb. Thiab cov nyhuv no yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov nyhuv ectogenous androgen zoo li (Li et al, 2013). Txawm li cas los xij,CistanchesHerbatuaj yeem noj tshuaj-raws li induce testis cytotoxicity los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj hormonal, inhibiting spermatogenesis, thiab ua rau cov noob qes puas (San et al, 2012).

3.7 Pharmacological teebmeem ntawm lwm cov khoom xyaw

Flavonoids thiab alkaloids ntxiv rau lawv cov tshuaj pharmacological tsis tau tshaj tawm. Ntxiv rau,Cistanches Herbadej nyab, ethanol-dej extract, thiab ethanol leaching tov yuav siv tau rau anesthetize dev, miv, thiab luav, thiab kuj muaj cov nyhuv antihypertensive.

Cistanches Herbatuaj yeem txhawb nqa qaub ncaug thiab ua pa nyuaj. Qee cov organic acids zoo li tuaj yeem ua rau qaub ncaug, thiab glycosides tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa tuag tes tuag taw.

4. Kev xaus thiab kev xav

Txij li cov ntawv ceeb toom tau qhia tias PhGs ntawmCistanches Herbanrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev nco thiab kev tiv thaiv neuroprotection thiab kev paub txog tus cwj pwm cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm nco,Cistanches Herbayuav yog tus neeg muaj peev xwm sib tw rau tus kab mob Parkinson thiab kev txawj ntse.

Raws li peb paub,Cistanches Herbamuaj cov tshuaj estrogenic. thiab estrogen tuaj yeem tswj cov pob txha metabolism thiab tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob txha resorption thiab tsim cov pob txha. Peb xav tiasCistanches Herbamuaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev tiv thaiv osteoporosis los ntawm kev ua phytoestrogen. Yog li ntawd, ua ke nrog cov nyhuv ntawm estrogenic, tiv thaiv pob txha, thiab maj mam laxative kev ua si, Cistanches Herba tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob uas muaj senile hypofunction. Tsis tas li ntawd, PhGs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Txhua tus, tej zaum yuav muaj peev xwm kho tau cov kab mob plab hnyuv thiab ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob vim yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Saccharides, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog oligosaccharides thiab galactitol, tuaj yeem ua rau lub plab hnyuv bifidobacteria, txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm purgative. Cov nyhuv no yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev kho mob cem quav uas tshwm sim los ntawm plab hnyuv flora tsis txaus lossis cov neeg laus ua haujlwm cem quav.
Txwv tsis pub, kev rog rog, txhais tau tias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub cev rog, tau dhau los ua kev hem thawj rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv. Thiab kev rog rog tau raug pov thawj los ua rau muaj qee yam mob, xws li kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib hom 2, thiab cov qog nqaij hlav rog rog. Txij li thaum sitosterol ntawmCistanches Herba, muaj cov nyhuv txo qhov hnyav, cov nyhuv cardioprotective thiab PhGs muaj cov nyhuv hypoglycemic,Cistanches Herbatej zaum yuav yog tus kws tshuaj kho mob rau kev rog rog yav tom ntej.Cistanches Herba, ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig suav tshuaj tshuaj ntsuab, muaj lub npe qhuas ntawm 'Ginseng of the Desert'. Raws li kev tshawb fawb hnyav tau raug them rau kev lom zem, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tshuaj ua haujlwm, muaj kev txaus siab rauCistanches Herbaraws li ib tug invigoration, tonic raum, thiab anti-aging mainstream tshuaj. Txog tam sim no, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qee cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj qhov zoo sib xws lossis kev sib koom ua ke uas cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm tshuaj, suav nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm TCM. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab lawv cov teebmeem pharmacological tsis paub yog tau kawm ntxiv.

Cistanche cov khoom

Los ntawm: 'Cistanches Herba: Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects' by Lin-lin Wang et al

---Wang LL et al. Suav Herbal Tshuaj, 2015, 7(2): 135-142