Cistanche: Nws Pharmacology, Cov nyhuv ntawm Broiler Production, Thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ⅱ

2.4. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cistanche ntawm Broiler Health.

Muaj kev tshawb fawb tsawg ntawm covimmunomodulatory nyhuvPUFAs ntawm phagocytosis mechanism. [2]. Nws paub tias qhov tseem ceeb cistanche series (tshwj xeeb tshaj yoglinoleic acidthiabarachidonic acid) yuav tsum muaj rau kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab tswjntshav siab, mob caj dab,mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, thiabkab mob autoimmune[30]. Hauv tsiaj lipids, arachidonic acid yog polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Arachidonic acid yog nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm "arachidonic acid cascade," uas muaj li ntawm 20 qhov txawv eicosanoid-mediated signaling txoj kev uas tswj ib tug loj array ntawm cellular txheej txheem, nrog rau cov tswj o, immunology, thiab lub hauv paus paj hlwb [71].

NYEM QHOV NO kom tau txais CISTANCHE SUPPLEMENTS rau qis duaCHOLESTEROL

Ntshav cov roj cholesterol, lipoprotein tsawg heev-ntom ntom ntom ntom qe menyuam roj (muaj 62.2 feem pua ​​N - 6 PUFAS) tau raug txo kom tsawg. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau ua raws li qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Shearer li al. [72] Sidik et al. [73] uas tau pom tias qhov kev taw qhia ntawm PUFAs-nplua nuj roj hauv cov khoom noj broiler txo qis cov roj cholesterol tag nrho, cov lipoprotein tsawg heev (VLDL), thiab triglycerides (TG). Tsis tas li ntawd, Bartkovsky et al. [74] tau tshaj tawm tias cov roj uas muaj c-linolenic acid txo qis hauv cov ntshav cov ntsiab lus ntawm triacylglycerols, cov roj cholesterol, thiab phospholipids piv rau cov roj xibtes lossis cov roj safflower. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm cov n − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids txo cov roj cholesterol hauv ntshav, nrog c-linolenic acid yog 170 npaug ntau dua li linoleic acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj haus PUFAs txo cov plab hnyuv cell chylomicron secretion thiab suppress hepatic fatty acid synthesis thiab TG ntau lawm [22]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev koom tes ntawm cistanche thiab hypocholesterolemic Performance index yog qhov zoo tab sis nruab nrab tsis zoo nrog tag nrho cov roj (cholesterol) thiab atherogenic index [3]. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dhau cistanche fatty acids yog txuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob hnyav xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab kab mob plawv [20].

Omega{{0}} thiab cistanche fatty acids yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov menyuam qaib thoob plaws hauv lub neej thaum ntxov vim lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cellular, kev tiv thaiv kab mob humoral, thiab inflammatory regulation [75]. Qhov siab ntawm n − 6 PUFA tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus pab cell (TH) -2-zoo li cov lus teb ntawm tus nqi ntawm tus pab cell (TH)-1-zoo li teb [49]. Ntxiv mus, qhov nce hauv n − 6 PUFA inhibits lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau TH-1 antigen. Tsis tas li ntawd, hatching qe los ntawm hens noj cov zaub mov nrog cov roj sunflower (linoleic, n − 6) los yog linseed roj (Arachidic acid) ntawm ntau qhov sib piv pom tau tias hens noj cov zaub mov nrog linoleic: arachidic ratio ntawm 0.8: 1 nce bovine serum albumin-specific IgG. daim ntawv [21]. Immuno globulin G (IgG) yog thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov menyuam qaib thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tsim tawm thaum cov lus teb humoral [76].

Long-chain PUFAs xws li eicosapentaenoic acid thiab arachidonic acid yog precursors rau eicosanoids xws li prostaglandins (PGs) thiab thromboxanes. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog qhov no, Bartkovsky et al. [74] tau tshaj tawm tias linoleic acid tuaj yeem nce cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm prostaglandin E1 (PGEI) thiab txo cov mob ntev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev tso tawm LBT4 los ntawm polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Ntxiv mus, linoleic acid thiab tom qab c-linolenic acid, dihomoclinolenic acid, thiab arachidonic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev muaj zog metabolites prostaglandins [77]. Prostaglandins muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tsiaj autocrine thiab paracrine cellular kev sib cuam tshuam. Npua muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom muaj zog thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, raws li tau hais tseg [78]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov n − 6 ara arachidonic acid metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) txhim kho lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab, zoo ib yam li lwm cov n − 6 fatty acids, tuaj yeem txo cov lus teb ntawm tes [49].

Kev sib xyaw ntawm PGs tau pib los ntawm arachidonic acid los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm COX (1-2) mus rau PGH2, ua raws li cov lus teb ntawm ntau PG synthases, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm PGH2 rau hauv cov khoom prostanoid kawg [75]. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, immunomodulatory kev txiav txim ntawm PUFAs hauv cov noog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov cellular thiab cov teeb liab uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm leukocytes vim yog antigenic motivation [24]. Cov nyhuv no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis lossis kev tswj hwm ntawm ntau cov cytokines uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob avian, suav nrog IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-1, IFN , thiab MGF-22.

Eicosanoids yog lipid mediators ntawm o uas yog tsim los ntawm cyclooxygenase (COX) thiab lipoxygenase (LOX) txoj kev, uas siv arachidonic acid thiab eicosapentaenoic acid ua substrates [79]. Lub caij no, txo qhov piv ntawm n − 6 rau n − 3 PUFAs txo qis proinflammatory n − 6 PUFA-derived cytokines xws li IL-6 [80]. Tsis tas li ntawd, gamma fatty acids tsis ntev los no tau tsim cov khoom siv biomaterials tsim los ntawm lipids uas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kab mob metabolic thiab mob thiab txhim kho lipid metabolism [81, 82]. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Schmitz thiab Ecker [83], omega{10}} fatty acids inhibit zus tau tej cov inflammatory genes, whereas cistanche fatty acids muaj cov nyhuv rov qab. Ntxiv mus, kev sib xyaw pub mis, suav nrog microbially tsim c-linolenic acid thiab cov nroj tsuag rho tawm, tau lees paub rau lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, xws li Agrimonia eupatoria L. [82]. Concomitant kev tswj hwm ntawm c-linolenic acid kuj tseem tuaj yeem nce dihomoc-linolenic acid, uas yuav sib tw nrog arachidonic acid thiab txaus siab rau kev tso tawm tsawg dua proinflammatory eicosanoids [74].

Meanwhile, linoleic acid muaj ib tuganti-inflammatory cuam tshuamlos ntawm kev txo qis kev tso tawm ntawm interleukin (IL)-6 thiab -1 thiab qog necrosis factor, raws li pom los ntawm Jung li al. [44]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam ntawm c-linolenic acid metabolism cuam tshuam rau kev qhia ntawm ntau cov noob ntawm kev tswj cov khoom lag luam. Cov khoom lag luam noob no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau apoptosis [74].

cistanche kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo lipogenesis thiab nce fatty acid oxidation hauv daim siab [84]. Raws li PUFA nrog peb ob daim ntawv cog lus, c-linolenic acid yog qhov yooj yim rau oxidation thiab peroxide ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv daim siab hlwb, c-linolenic acid supplementation tuaj yeem ua rau oxidative alteration thiab aggregation ntawm apo B, uas yog ces lysed [33]. Linoleic acid, lwm cistanche, yog PUFA uas tuaj yeem tsim ntau hom dawb radicals thiab tuaj yeem ua kom lipid oxidation [44]. Te npaum li cas ntawm c-linolenic acid ua ke nrog agrimony extract supplementation thaum lub sij hawm 42 lub lis piam tsis cuam tshuam rau mitochondrial SOD, GPx, GR, los yog GSH qib [33]. Tsis tas li ntawd, nce cistanche noj nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab yuav ua rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab lub xeev proinflammatory, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerotic kab mob plawv [85].

Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, N − 6 fatty acids depress lub immunological system [53]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib txuas ntawm n − 6 PUFAs thiab cytotoxic cell ua haujlwm tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv txoj kev tshawb no [45]. Ntxiv mus, cistanche kuj txhawb nqa IgG titers, prostaglandins, thiab eicosanoids thiab txo cov roj cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, thiab LDL. cistanche supplementation muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm broilers; Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

3. Cov lus xaus

Kev noj zaub mov nplua nuj cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm broiler, suav nrog lub cev qhov hnyav, FCR, ADG, carcass, thiab nqaij zoo los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov tshuaj antioxidant kom tswj cov metabolism hauv ib txwm. Broiler kev ua me nyuam kuj tseem txhim kho los ntawm kev txo qis embryonic tuag lig, yog li txhim kho fertility, hatchability, phev zoo, thiab phev kom muaj nuj nqis. Lub caij no, rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm broiler, cistanche tuaj yeem txo cov roj cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein tsawg ntom ntom, thiab cov lipoprotein tsawg. Nws kuj txhawb kev txhawb nqa rau T pab cell (TH)-2-zoo li IgG titers, nce prostaglandins, eicosanoids, thiab antioxidants. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov ntaub ntawv muaj

Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm hauv txoj kev tshawb no muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv online lossis los ntawm kev tiv tauj tus kws sau ntawv.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm txoj kev kawm no.

Kev lees paub Txoj kev tshawb no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Airlangga University, Surabaya Indonesia. Txoj kev tshawb no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Kev Kawm Ua Haujlwm ntawm Airlangga University.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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[2] V. Sampath, JH Park, thiab IH Kim, "Kev suav nrog cov roj txiv roj thiab cov roj soy roj rau kev loj hlob thiab kev noj zaub mov digestibility hauv qaib broiler,"Korean J Poult Sci, vol. 4 7, nr. 3, pp. 153–158, 2020.

[3] YA Attia, MA Al-Harthi, thiab HM Abo El-Maaty, "Te teebmeem ntawm cov roj sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, digestive enzymes, carcass zoo, biochemical, immunological, antioxidant, thiab morphometric teb ntawm broiler chicks,"Frontiers hauv Veterinary Science, vol. 7 ,ua p. Peb Hlis 181, 2020.

[4] MJ Agah, H. Nassiri-Mo, AM Tahmasbi, thiab H. Lotfollahi, "Kev ua tau zoo thiab fatty acid compositions ntawm yolk lipid los ntawm nteg hens pub nrog lub zos tsim canola noob (Brassica napus L.)," Kev tshawb fawb Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 5, nre. 2, pp. 228–232, 2010.

[5] NR Abdulla, TC Loh, H. Akit et al., "Fatty acid profile, cholesterol thiab oxidative status nyob rau hauv broiler nqaij qaib mis nqaij noj cov khoom noj roj sib txawv thiab cov qib calcium,"South African Journal of Animal Science, vol. 4 5, nr. 2, pp. 153–163, 2015.

[6] H. Takahashi, K. Rikimaru, R. Kiyohara, thiab S. Yamaguchi, "Cov nyhuv ntawm arachidonic acid-enriched roj noj supplementation ntawm saj ntawm broiler nqaij,"Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 25, nr. 6, nr 845–851, 2012.

[7] G. Butler, "Kev tswj kev noj zaub mov PUFA hauv tsiaj pub: cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv,"Cov txheej txheem ntawm Nutrition Society, vol. 7 3, nr. 1, nr 87–95, 2014.

[8] N. Watanabe, D. Masubuchi, M. Itoh, S. Teradu, H. Yazawa, and H. Uemura, "Qhov ncauj tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho cov dihomoc-linolenic acid-ua Saccharomyces cerevisiae sup presses cutaneous inflammatory teb induced los ntawm croton roj daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv nas,Siv Microbiology thiab Biotechnology, vol. 9 8, nr. 20, pp. 8697–8706, 2014.

[9] ATY Kishawy, SA Amer, ME Abd El-Hack, IM Saadeldin, thiab AA Swelum, "Te cuam tshuam ntawm kev noj haus linseed roj thiab pomegranate tev extract ntawm broiler kev loj hlob, carcass zoo, serum lipid profile, thiab nqaij fatty acid, phenol , thiab cov ntsiab lus flavonoid, "Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 3 2, nr. 8, pp. 1161–1171, 2019. [10] ALI Garza, CT Alba, RE C´ardenas-P´erez, A. Camacho, M. Gutierrez-Lopez, thiab H. Castro, “Fatty acid intake during perinatal periods ,"Mol Nutr, vol. 6, pp. 135–154, 2021.

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