Biomimetic Design Of Fatigue-Testing Fixture For Artificial Cervical Disc Prostheses Part 1

Abstract:Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas cov kev ua yeeb yam biomechanical ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lub ncauj tsev menyuam (ACD) prostheses, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua, nrog rau cov ncauj tsev menyuam ntawm cadavers nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog lossis nrog cov kev ntsuas zoo li kev ua raws li ASTM F2346 tus qauv. Hmoov tsis zoo, ob txoj hauv kev yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem siv rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev sim ua lub neej los tiv thaiv kev qaug zog rau tsawg kawg 10 lab lub voj voog vim muaj teeb meem hauv kev khaws cia cadaver thiab kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, feem. Raws li tib neeg lub ncauj tsev menyuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev menyuam, ib qho kev kuaj pom tshiab tau tsim los rau kev soj ntsuam tus cwj pwm qaug zog ntawm ACD prostheses nyob rau hauv flexion, extension, thiab lateral dabtsi yog khoov tej yam kev mob, nrog rau ob qho tib si structural thiab functional bionics. Qhov sib npaug ntawm biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam lub cev tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm cov lej simulations thiab kev sim siv tshuab hauv ntau yam mob. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias qhov biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture no tuaj yeem sawv cev rau cov yam ntxwv biomechanical ntawm tib neeg lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae yooj yim thiab nrog qhov tseeb.

Cistanche tuaj yeem ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog thiab lub zog ua kom muaj zog, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb sim tau pom tias decoction ntawm Cistanche tubulosa tuaj yeem tiv thaiv daim siab hepatocytes thiab endothelial hlwb puas hauv cov nas ua luam dej hnyav, txhawb kev qhia ntawm NOS3, thiab txhawb cov kab mob siab glycogen. synthesis, yog li exerting los tiv thaiv qaug zog. Phenylethanoid glycoside-nplua nuj Cistanche tubulosa extract tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, thiab lactate qib, thiab nce qib hemoglobin (HB) thiab piam thaj hauv ICR nas, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev qaug zog los ntawm kev txo qis cov leeg nqaij. thiab ncua lub lactic acid enrichment rau lub zog cia hauv nas. Compound Cistanche Tubulosa ntsiav tshuaj ua rau lub sijhawm ua luam dej hnyav, nce siab glycogen cia, thiab txo qis qib urea tom qab kev tawm dag zog hauv cov nas, qhia nws cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kev qaug zog. Lub decoction ntawm Cistanchis tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua siab ntev thiab ua kom lub cev qaug zog hauv kev tawm dag zog nas, thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov siab ntawm cov ntshav creatine kinase tom qab kev tawm dag zog thiab ua kom lub cev nqaij daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas ib txwm muaj tom qab kev tawm dag zog, uas qhia tau hais tias nws muaj cov teebmeem. ntawm kev txhim kho lub cev muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv qaug zog. Cistanchis kuj tseem ua rau lub sijhawm muaj sia nyob ntawm cov nas uas muaj nitrite-poisoned thiab txhim kho lub siab ntev tiv thaiv hypoxia thiab qaug zog.

adrenal fatigue

Nyem rau ntawm cov leeg nqaij qaug zog

【Yog xav paub ntxiv:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatsApp:8613632399501】

Ntsiab lus:Artificial cervical disc (ACD); qauv fixture; kev qaug zog; biomimetic

1. Taw qhia

Disc arthroplasty yog ib qho kev kho mob tshiab rau kev puas hlwb intervertebral degeneration thiab instability. Piv nrog rau kev phais lub ncauj tsev menyuam ib txwm muaj, nws qhov zoo yog tias nws kho qhov ntau ntawm kev txav ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum thiab tuaj yeem txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntu ntu degeneration nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev [1–4]. ACD prostheses yog npaj los dais alternating loads nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm physiology thiab yuav tsum theoretically kav rau ob peb xyoo lawm nyob rau hauv lub cev yam tsis muaj kev ua tsis tiav. Lub neej ntawm ACD prostheses thiab lawv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau txais kev kho mob lub neej yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, txawm li cas los xij. Titanium thiab titanium alloys yog dav siv nyob rau hauv orthopedic tawv nqaij kho thiab dag lub ncauj tsev menyuam intervertebral disc tsim vim lawv zoo biocompatibility thiab non-toxicity [5,6]. Qhov kev ua neej zoo tshaj plaws feem ntau tau pom tias yog 80 lab kev txav mus los, thaum 10 lab kev txav mus los tau qhia tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov kev xeem tsawg kawg nkaus [7,8].

Cov kev sim cog qoob loo feem ntau xaiv cov kab mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam los ntawm cadaver pub rau moisturized nrog saline tov. Cervical spine specimens are dissected free from soft tissues, musculature, and single-segmental cervical intervertebral discs, thaum lub ligaments thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm post-zygapophysial pob qij txha tau ua tib zoo khaws cia, thiab ces ACD prostheses yog cog rau kev sim [9-12]. Cov qauv kuaj no yuav tsum ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv kom tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev phiv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob lom ntawm cadavers [13-17]. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom ua tiav kev sim ua lub neej los tiv thaiv kev qaug zog tsawg kawg 10 lab lub voj voog nrog cov cadavers tshiab vim lub sij hawm thiab cov nqi txwv ntawm cadaver preservation.

Hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem zoo li no, cov kev sim ua los ntawm ASTM F2346 tso cai rau kev tsom xam ntawm ib tus neeg lub disc hloov khoom siv thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob intervertebral disc tsim hauv tus qauv qauv [18–23]. Cov kev sim tshwj xeeb tau tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam ua lag luam los ua ob qho tib si zoo li qub thiab kev ntsuas kev sib tw ntawm ACDs raws li ASTM F2346 tus qauv hauv kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no. Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sim ntsuas no thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais txog qhov kev coj cwj pwm zoo li qub thiab cov cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm ACD prostheses tsis raug. Yog li, cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov kev ntsuas no yuav tsis ncaj qha kwv yees hauv vivo kev ua tau zoo; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem siv los sib piv cov khoom siv sib txawv ntawm ACD prostheses sib txawv [19,20].

always tired

Nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam nrog tus nqi siab heev thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsuas saum toj no, cov txheej txheem biomimetic tuaj yeem yog qhov kev cog lus zoo rau kev sim ACD prostheses nrog qhov tseeb thiab ua haujlwm zoo.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los tsim ib qho biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws zoo ib yam li tib neeg lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae rau tus nqi-zoo, raug zoo li qub thiab dynamic kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ACDs, los ntsuas qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab thiab deformations (ie, ntau yam ntawm cov lus tsa suab. ) ntawm ACDs nyob rau hauv lub tsim kev qaug zog-kuaj fixture, thiab nyob rau hauv C5-C6 ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum ntu. Kev qaug zog simulations ntawm ACDs nyob rau hauv C5-C6 lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum ntu thiab nyob rau hauv lub qaug zog-test fixture thiab qaug zog thwmsim ntawm ACDs nyob rau hauv lub qaug zog-test fixture kuj tau ua. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov txiaj ntsig, qhov ua tau ntawm qhov tsim biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture tuaj yeem tham tau meej.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

2.1. Biomimetic Design of Fatigue-Testing Fixture

2.1.1. Structural Bionics of Fatigue-Testing Fixture

Tus tsim ntawm biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Raws li ib txwm tib neeg lub ncauj tsev menyuam structural nta, plaub epoxy blocks uas muaj 70 wt% hydroxyapatite hmoov, tib cov ntsiab lus raws li ntuj pob txha, tau siv los simulate tib neeg lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae, raws li lub elastic modulus ntawm epoxy blocks yog ze rau ntawm tib neeg lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae. Ib qho hlau hloov tau yooj yim U-phaj ntawm kev qaug zog-kuaj kev sib tw txwv kev txav ntawm cov blocks los simulate kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub ncauj tsev menyuam ligaments thiab facet pob qij txha.

always tired (2)

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov loj me me thiab deformation zog ntawm C5-C6 cervical spinal segments, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1, lub fixture yog nqi-zoo thiab tsim nyog, muaj xws li ib tug cuboid block (01), peb cylindrical blocks (02-04) thiab U-phaj (05). Ntawm cov blocks 01-04, lub cylindrical blocks 02-04 yog concentric, whereas txoj hauj lwm ntawm cuboid block 01, raws li qhov chaw rau compressive quab yuam yuav tsum tau siv, muaj peev xwm yuav varied los tsim txawv loading tej yam kev mob. Raws li kev kwv yees ua ntej, qhov tuab thiab dav ntawm U-phaj (05) yog 1 ~ 2 hli thiab 30 ~ 45 hli. Qhov ntev, qhov dav, thiab qhov siab ntawm lub cuboid thaiv (01) yog 25 ~ 35 hli, 8 ~ 15 hli, thiab 8 ~ 15 hli. Lub vojvoog thiab qhov siab ntawm cov cylindrical blocks (02-04) yog 10 ~ 15 hli thiab 8 ~ 15 hli. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov cylindrical blocks (02-04) thiab tom qab kawg ntawm U-phaj (05) yog 45 ~ 65 hli. Siv cov lej simulation tsom xam, qhov kev tsim kho tau zoo ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov qis ntawm lub cylindrical block (02) thiab sab sauv ntawm lub cylindrical block (03) tau polished kom tau raws li lub cev lub cev ib txwm muaj curvature ntawm cervical lordosis.

Lub fixture muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nrog kev koom ua ke prostheses thiab feem ntau ntawm lwm yam ACD prostheses, xws li Dynamic Cervical Implant (DCI), Z-braze Dynamic Fusion, thiab Prestige LP, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Ntawm ntau yam ACDs, DCI yog ib tug ib leeg-tiv thaiv U-shaped implant tswj tus txha caj qaum kinematics, uas imposes yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab piv nrog rau lwm hom prostheses [24]. Lub U-shaped qhib qauv ntawm DCI yog qhov zoo dua rau kev soj ntsuam ncaj qha ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo li qub thiab muaj zog thaum lub sijhawm simulations ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog li ntawd, DCI (14 hli ntev, 16 hli dav, thiab 0.8 hli tuab) raug xaiv los ua tus qauv ACD rau kev kawm txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tsim biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture hauv kev hloov ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum. nyob rau hauv static thiab dynamic kev sim.

feeling light headed and tired all the time

2.1.2. Functional Bionics of Fatigue-Testing Fixture

Cov qauv geometric ntawm qhov kev sim ua rau qaug zog nrog DCI thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam lub cev nrog DCI tau tsim, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb software ANSYS Workbench 16.0 (Ansys, Canonsburg, PA, USA) thiab muab nrog Cov khoom siv sib xws, raws li qhia hauv Table 1 [25,26].

feeling tired

Hauv kev suav lej ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab deformation ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv C5-C6 cervical spinal segments thaum lub sij hawm kuaj zoo li qub, qhov siab tshaj plaws niaj hnub loading tsis nyob rau hauv biomechanical xeem nrog ncauj tsev menyuam spines los ntawm cadaver pub dawb tau ua raws li; uas yog, 73.6 N preload tau siv rau saum npoo ntawm C5, nrog rau 1.8 Nm flexion lub sij hawm ntxiv rau flexion txav thiab 1.8 Nm ncua sij hawm rau ncua sij hawm los yog 1. , thaum lub hauv qab ntawm C6 tau kho nyob rau hauv rau qib ntawm kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv lub finite element qauv [26–28].

Raws li kev simulations ntawm qhov kev sim zoo li qub nrog biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture, 200 N load, lub sij hawm loading quab yuam nyob rau hauv zoo li qub thiab dynamic xeem tom qab ASTM F2346, tau siv rau saum npoo ntawm lub cuboid block. 01, thaum qhov qis ntawm lub tog raj kheej 04 tau kho nyob rau hauv rau qib kev ywj pheej [19,29,30]. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev kho kom zoo ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov chaw ntawm DCI thiab lub cuboid block 01, lub sijhawm sib npaug ntxiv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm lub zog rau saum npoo ntawm lub cuboid block 01 thiab qhov eccentric nrug. Thaum kawg, qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab deformation ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv lub zog-kuaj fixture raug xam los ntawm kev siv finite element simulation software ANSYS Workbench 16.0 (Ansys, Canonsburg, PA, USA). Qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab deformation ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv qhov qaug zog-kuaj fixture yuav ua tau zoo ib yam li cov nyob rau hauv tib neeg C5-C6 ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum ntu los ntawm ntxiv optimization ntawm qhov tsis muaj biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture.

2.2. Cov txheej txheem ntawm Fatigue Simulation thiab Fatigue Test

Cov kev soj ntsuam yav dhau los ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv C5-C6 lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntu ntu thiab hauv qhov ua kom pom kev qaug zog-kuaj kho tau raug tso rau hauv FE-SAFE6.5 software (Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., Providence, RI, USA). Raws li txoj kev kwv yees ntawm Seegers cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv hauv FE-SAFE6.5 software, SN nkhaus tau tsim los ntawm kev siv lub zog tensile thiab elastic modulus, uas tau hloov kho tom qab [31,32]. Ib zaus ntawm 10 Hz tau siv nrog cov ntaub ntawv triangular-wave load channel. Txoj kev Goodman tau siv los kho qhov kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav kev qaug zog tag nrho tau ua raws li SN nkhaus. Tom qab kev suav cov qaug zog, cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam tau rov nkag rau hauv ANSYS Workbench 16.0 (Ansys, Canonsburg, PA, USA) rau kev ua haujlwm tom qab.

adrenal fatigue (2)

Hauv kev sim ua rau qaug zog tam sim no, DCI tau kho ntawm cylindrical hydroxyapatite-filled epoxy blocks 02 thiab 03 los ntawm epoxy AB kua nplaum nyob rau hauv biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture ntawm qhov optimized tsis. Nws yog siv los simulate cov pob txha fusion ntawm lub sab sauv thiab sab saum toj ntawm DCI prosthesis thiab lub cev vertebral sib thooj tom qab cog. Cov kev thauj khoom ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntu biomechanical xeem tau ua raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo li qub thiab dynamic raws li ASTMF2346 los ntawm kev kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw geometric ntawm qhov thaiv thiab qhov chaw rotating ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Tom qab ntawd, lub fixture, ua ke nrog rau DCI, yog clamped ntawm lub vise thiab actuator ntawm ib tug Instron -8874 qaug zog kuaj tshuab (Instron Corporation, Canton, MA, USA), raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Thaum lub sij hawm qaug zog thwmsim, lub fixture tau loaded nrog cov khoom thauj khoom sib thooj ntawm qhov ntsuas eccentric txoj hauj lwm los muab lub sijhawm sib txawv. Thaum kawg, kev sim qaug zog tau ua tiav kom txog thaum qaug zog tsis ua tiav; yog tias tsis yog, cov kev sim tau txuas ntxiv mus txog 80 lab lub voj voog tau mus txog ntawm biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture.

3. Cov txiaj ntsig

3.1. Optimization ntawm Biomimetic Fatigue-Testing Fixture

Qhov siab tshaj plaws deformation ntawm ntshiab Ti DCI nyob rau hauv tib neeg C5-C6 cervical segments nyob rau hauv lub flexion mob yog tus lej suav raws li 0.57 hli, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 2. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus uas qhov kev nyuaj siab ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv lub qaug zog- kuaj fixture zoo ib yam li nyob rau hauv C5-C6 lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum ntu, lub deformations ntawm ntshiab Ti DCI nyob rau hauv lub tsim fatigue-testing fixture ntawm txawv tsis tau suav suav thiab qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3 thiab 4. Nrog rau lwm yam yog sib npaug, qhov siab tshaj plaws deformation poob qis heev nrog kev nce hauv elastic modulus ntawm cov khoom thiab cov tuab thiab dav ntawm U-phaj 05, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3, qhov ntev, qhov dav, thiab qhov siab ntawm lub cuboid block 01, thiab lub vojvoog thiab qhov siab ntawm cov cylindrical blocks 02–04, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau DCI qhov siab tshaj plaws deformation, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 4a–e. Tsis tas li ntawd, DCI qhov siab tshaj plaws deformation tau nce qeeb raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov cylindrical blocks 02-04 thiab tom qab kawg ntawm U-phaj 05 nce, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 4f. Ib yam li ntawd, cov kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus saum toj no ntawm qhov deformation ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej flexion coincide nrog cov DCI nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si extension lossis lateral dabtsi yog khoov. Thaum kawg, kev ua kom zoo ntawm ntau yam kev tsim qauv tau ua los ntawm kev ua kom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab deformations ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv cov tsim biomimetic fatigue-testing fixture thiab nyob rau hauv tib neeg C5-C6 cervical ntu.

over fatigue

3.2. Simulation ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv Optimized Fixture nyob rau hauv Static Mode

Cov contours ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm ntshiab Ti DCI nyob rau hauv C5-C6 lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntu ntu thiab hauv qhov kev ua kom pom kev qaug zog-kuaj fixture nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej flexion yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 5. Qhov siab tshaj plaws sib npaug kev ntxhov siab ntawm ntshiab Ti DCI nyob rau hauv lub fatigue-testing fixture. yog 396.5 MPa, uas pom zoo nrog 394.6 MPa, qhov tshwm sim ntawm DCI nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntu C5-C6. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ob qho tib si siab tshaj qhov sib npaug tshwm sim hauv tib qhov chaw ntawm DCI. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov contours ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm DCIs ntawm ntshiab Ti thiab Ti6Al4V tau simulated nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev thauj khoom nyob rau hauv lub qaug zog-kuaj fixture, uas zoo ib yam li cov DCIs nyob rau hauv lub C5-C6 ncauj tsev menyuam ntu ntu, raws li plotted nyob rau hauv daim duab. 6.

so tired