3.4. Hauv Vitro Assays

Glycoside ntawm cistanche tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv plawv thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin thiab MDA hauv txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm ntau yam reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, thiab lwm yam) thiab tiv thaiv DNA puas. los ntawm OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, muaj peev xwm txo tau ntau dua li cov vitamin C, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov phev ncua, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA, thiab muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phev ua haujlwm. Cistanche polysaccharides tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab GSH-Px hauv erythrocytes thiab ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nas senescent sim los ntawm D-galactose, nrog rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA thiab collagen hauv lub ntsws thiab ntshav, thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm elastin, muaj Cov nyhuv scavenging zoo ntawm DPPH, ncua lub sijhawm ntawm hypoxia hauv cov nas senescent, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov ntshav, thiab ncua lub physiological degeneration ntawm lub ntsws hauv kev sim cov nas nrog cellular morphological degeneration, kev sim tau pom tias Cistanche muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo. thiab muaj peev xwm los ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, echinacoside hauv Cistanche muaj lub peev xwm tseem ceeb los tshem tawm DPPH dawb radicals thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive, tiv thaiv dawb radical-induced collagen degradation, thiab kuj muaj kev kho zoo ntawm thymine dawb radical anion puas.

Nyem Ntawm Qhov Kev Pab Cuam Roob

【Yog xav paub ntxiv: david.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:86 13632399501 】

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov kev sib tham yav dhau los hauv silico tshawb pom, peb tau sim cov tebchaw 2, 3, thiab 5 rau lawv cov haujlwm inhibitory tiv thaiv hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase, thiab tyrosinase enzymes hauv vitro. Raws li tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 3, compound 3 tau txheeb xyuas tias muaj zog hyaluronidase inhibitor ua raws cov compound 2 nrog IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 9.5 ± 0.48 thiab 13.7 ± 1.08 µM, raws. Lub npe hu ua 6-O-palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid (IC{19}}.033 ± 0.1 µM) tau siv los ua kev tswj xyuas zoo. Compound 5 tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv hyaluronidase. Hais txog xanthine oxidase, compound 3 muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nws cov haujlwm nrog IC50 tus nqi ntawm 6.39 ± 0.36 µM, thaum ob qho tib si cov tshuaj 2 thiab 5 pom tias tsis muaj zog lossis tsis ua haujlwm, paub L-mimosine (IC{{33}) }.63 ± 0.18 µM) tau siv los ua kev tswj xyuas zoo. Thaum kawg, compound 5 yog cov tshuaj nquag tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tyrosinase, nrog IC50 tus nqi ntawm 8.67 ± 0.44 µM, thaum cov tshuaj 2 thiab 3 tsis ua haujlwm lossis tsis muaj zog, thiab paub kojic acid (IC50 6.52 ± 0.33 µM. ) tau siv los ua kev tswj xyuas zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig hauv vitro no tau nthuav tawm lub peev xwm ntawm C. reticulata noob-derived flavonoids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tebchaw 2, 3, thiab 5, raws li kev noj qab haus huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm lawv cov inhibition ntawm ntau yam enzymes (ie, hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase, thiab tyrosinase enzymes). Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau qhia txog qhov kev siv tau ntawm kev siv sib txawv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas silico-raws li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ua ntej hauv kev ua kom muaj roj ntsha hauv cov khoom ntuj tsim.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation yog thawj qhov ua rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus [32]. Collagenase thiab gelatinases (MMP-2) yog matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) uas muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv ECM degradation [33]. Yog li ntawd, daim tawv nqaij tensile lub zog yog depleted. Roughness, wrinkling, thiab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm daim tawv nqaij tseem tshwm sim feem ntau, raws li ua ntau yam pigment anomalies xws li hy-po-/hyper-pigmentation [32,34]. Tyrosinase inhibitors tau kawm rau kev kho mob ntawm hyperpigmentation ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Lub enzyme tyrosinase hloov tyrosine rau melanin [35]. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tyrosine inhibitors ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tawv nqaij ua kom pom kev [36]. Hyaluronic acid (HA) ntau lawm yog kawm rau kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij wrinkles. Lub xub ntiag ntawm wrinkles thiab daim tawv nqaij noo noo tau txuas nrog HA. HA kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev los ntawm kev ua kom cov cell ua kom mob thiab mob fibroblast [37,38]. Hyaluronidase yog ib tug proteolytic enzyme pom nyob rau hauv lub dermis uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tawg ntawm hyaluronan nyob rau hauv lub extracellular matrix, uas ua rau pom cov tsos mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus [39].

Yog li ntawd, hyaluronidase inhibitors yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov tawv nqaij wrinkles. XO kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm oxidants thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv ntau yam kab mob oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Vim tias qhov xwm txheej oxidative kev ntxhov siab tsis tu ncua, kev laus yog cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm homeostasis [40]. Yog li ntawd, XO inhibitors cuam tshuam rau kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Cov kev tshawb pom ntawm txoj kev tshawb no pom tau tias C. reticulata noob-derived flavonoids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tebchaw 2, 3, thiab 5, tuaj yeem txhawb cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv los ntawm inhibiting cov haujlwm ntawm hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase, thiab tyrosinase enzymes. Compound 3 tau pom tias yog ib qho muaj zog hyaluronidase inhibitor, ua raws li cov compound 2 nrog IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 9.5 0.48 thiab 13.{11}}.08 M, raws li. Nrog rau IC50 tus nqi ntawm 6.39 0.36 M, compound 3 tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm xanthine oxidase. Nrog rau IC50 tus nqi ntawm 8.67 0.44 M, compound 5 yog cov tshuaj muaj zog tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tyrosinase (Table 3).

Cov kev sib raug zoo, kev kho mob, thiab kev lag luam teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob uas tsis kho tau loj hlob raws li peb lub neej muaj hnub nyoog. Yog li ntawd, kev kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev laus ntawm qhov txhab kho tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem nrov [41]. Cov tawv nqaij ua haujlwm tsis zoo nrog lub hnub nyoog vim yog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab morphological qhia los ntawm innate yam xws li kev pleev xim keeb kwm, kev hloov hauv cov theem ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, thiab exogenous yam xws li raug tshav ntuj thiab haus luam yeeb [42]. Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij hloov tsis tau tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov txhab zoo xwb tab sis kuj ua rau daim tawv nqaij tshwj xeeb rau qhov txhab. Devaluation ntawm cov hlab ntsha xaus, piv txwv li, txo qhov mob rhiab heev, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab epidermal degeneration ua rau daim tawv nqaij ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab quab yuam.

Kev loj hlob ntawm cov qhov txhab mob ntev yog pab los ntawm immunosenescence. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm microvascular kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm ischemic lesions [41,42].

Flavonoids muaj nyob rau hauv ntau raws li bioactive theem nrab metabolites. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom tshuaj nroj tsuag uas siv los txhim kho qhov txhab zoo [43]. Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm kaempferol 1, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, tau pom tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob excisional hauv cov kab mob ntshav qab zib thiab cov nas tsis mob ntshav qab zib [44]. Kaempferol 1 kho cov teebmeem no los ntawm kev ua kom lub qhov txhab collagen thiab hydroxyproline tso zis, txhim kho qhov txhab tiv thaiv, ua kom lub qhov txhab kaw, thiab maj mam rov ua dua epithelialization.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kaempferol thiab nws cov glycosides derivatives 2-3 tau nthuav tawm astringent thiab antimicrobial zog uas tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub qhov txhab shrinkage thiab txhim kho tus nqi ntawm epithelialization hauv cov txiv neej Wistar nas siv qhov kev txiav tawm thiab qhov txhab qhov txhab, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa kev txav ntawm CCD. -1064sk fibroblasts rau hauv qhov chaw kuaj mob ntawm Ha-CaT keratinocytes [45,46]. Tsis tas li ntawd, isoflavonoid (piv txwv li, 2-hydroxy genistein, 4) tau pom tias txhawb kev kho mob los ntawm kev ua kom lub zog tensile, txo qhov mob, thiab inhibiting collagenase, hyaluronidase, thiab elastase enzymes [47].

Genistein, ib tug 2-deoxy derivative ntawm 2-hydroxy genistein 4, tau txuas rau soy cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev laus. Txiav cov tshuaj estrogen ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog hauv cov poj niam postmenopausal, nrog rau kev kho qhov txhab mob ntev. Genistein ua kom lub qhov txhab kho kom zoo thaum ua rau cov lus teb inflammatory. Genistein qhov kev ua tau txwv rau kev cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj estrogen receptor-nyob ntawm qhov taw qhia [48]. Hauv sham OVX nas, genistein txo cov ntaub so ntswg transglutaminase -2, TGF-1, thiab vascular endothelial kev loj hlob, qhia tias genistein derivatives muaj anti-aging aesthetic yam ntxwv [49].

Hesperidin muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo txaus ntawm cov tawv nqaij raug mob. Yog li Hesperidin tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho ntxiv lossis lwm txoj hauv kev rau lwm cov tshuaj kho qhov txhab [50–52]. Ib cag ntawm flavonoids, fatty acid esters ntawm glycerol [53,54], acrylic acid derivatives [55], thiab sterols [56] tag nrho cov zoo li qhov txhab kho mob. Lub peev xwm ntawm C. reticulata noob extract nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cutaneous qhov txhab kho tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txawm li cas los xij, xav tau ntau dua hauv vivo kuaj.

4. Cov lus xaus

Ntawm no, peb tau tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm C. reticulata noob los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov txheej txheem chromatographic thiab cov txheej txheem spectroscopic raws li kev txheeb xyuas. Flavonols tau pom tias yog hom flavonoids ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov noob tshawb nrhiav es tsis txhob muaj cov npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm flavanones thiab flavones nyob rau saum huab cua, suav nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob peb lwm yam oligosaccharides, sterols, thiab fatty acids kuj pom tias yog cov metabolites loj. Hauv kev tshawb fawb silico-raws li kev sib cais ntawm cov flavonoids txhawm rau ua kom pom lawv cov tshuaj pharmacological qhia txog lawv lub peev xwm xws li hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase, thiab tyrosinase inhibitors. Ntxiv MDS raws li kev tshawb nrhiav tau xaiv cov tebchaw 2, 3, thiab 5 los ua cov neeg sib tw zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv cov enzymes ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov kawg hauv vitro enzyme kev soj ntsuam tau qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov tebchaw no (piv txwv li, 2, 3, thiab 5) ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawv nqaij los ntawm lawv cov haujlwm inhibitory tiv thaiv hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase, thiab tyrosinase kev ua. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog cov khoom pov tseg ntawm C. reticulata cov noob uas yog qhov zoo heev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij-txhim kho phytochemicals thiab muaj hnub nyoog-txuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho qhov txhab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau nthuav tawm lub zog ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev sib tw nrog MDS kev sim hauv kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim.

Cov khoom siv ntxiv:Cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa hauv qab no tuaj yeem rub tawm ntawm: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/antiox11050984/s1, Daim duab S1: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 1 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S2: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 1 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S3: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 2 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S4: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 2 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S5: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 3 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S6: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 3 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 100 MHz.; Daim duab S7: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 4 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S8: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 4 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S9: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 5 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S10: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 5 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 100 MHz: Daim duab S11: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 6 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S12: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 6 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S13: HSQC spectrum ntawm compound 6 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4; Daim duab S14: HMBC spectrum ntawm compound 6 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4; Daim duab S15: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 7 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S16: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 7 ntsuas hauv CD3OD-d4 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S17: H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 8 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 400 MHz; Daim duab S18: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 8 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S19: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 9 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S20: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 9 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S21: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 10 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S22: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 10 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S23: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 11 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S24: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 11 ntsuas hauv DMSO-d6 ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S25: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 12 ntsuas hauv CDCL3-d ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S26: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 12 ntsuas hauv CDCL3-d ntawm 100 MHz; Daim duab S27: 1H NMR spectrum ntawm compound 13 ntsuas hauv CDCL3-d ntawm 400 MHz; Daim duab S28: DEPT-Q NMR spectrum ntawm compound 13 ntsuas hauv CDCL{174}}d ntawm 100 MHz.

Tus sau kev koom tes:Conceptualization: URA, AHE, thiab AMS, txheej txheem: AHE, AMS, TA-W., SS, thiab MMA-S. software: AHE, MA, EMM, thiab SI; Kev tshuaj xyuas raug cai: MMG, AMS, thiab AHE; Kev tshawb nrhiav: URA, AHE, thiab TA-W.; cov peev txheej: SS, MMA-S., MA, EMM, thiab SI; cov ntaub ntawv curation: URA, AHE, thiab AMS; kev sau ntawv—thawj tsab ntawv: URA, AHE, thiab AMS; sau- tshuaj xyuas thiab kho: URA, AHE; project tswj: TA-W. thiab SS; Kev nrhiav nyiaj txiag: MMA-S., MA, thiab EMM Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Nyiaj txiag:Ntxhais fuabtais Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Cov Kws Tshawb Fawb Txhawb Txoj Haujlwm tus lej (PNURSP2022R25), Ntxhais fuabtais Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Kev lees paub: Cov kws sau ntawv tau lees paub zoo txog Ntxhais fuabtais Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Cov Kws Tshawb Fawb Kev Txhawb Txoj Haujlwm tus lej (PNURSP2022R25), Ntxhais fuabtais Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cov kws sau ntawv tau lees paub qhov kev tshawb fawb txhawb nqa (TUMA-Project-2021-6) ntawm AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia rau kev txhawb nqa cov kauj ruam ntawm txoj haujlwm no.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab:Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev txaus siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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