Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Tag Nrho Phenylethanoid Glycoside Fraction cais tawm ntawm Cistanche Deserticola Ntawm Pob Txha Microstructure hauv Ovariectomized nas

Lingling Yang, Shuqin Ding, Bo Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Yanhong Dong, Qiwen Tang, Pingping Yang, thiab Xueqin Ma

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tsev Kawm Ntawv Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, Suav teb

2 Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob, Ningxia Medical University, 692 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, Suav

3 Qhov Tseem Ceeb Laboratory ntawm Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, Suav teb

Qhov no yog ib tsab xov xwm qhib nkag tau muab faib raws li Creative Commons Attribution License, uas tso cai rau kev siv tsis txwv, kev faib tawm, thiab luam tawm hauv ib qho nruab nrab uas muab cov haujlwm qub raug suav hais tias yog.

Hu rau:joanna.jia@wecistanche.com/ WhatsApp: 008618081934791

Abstract

Txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau tsim los kwv yees cov haujlwm antiosteoporotic ntawm tag nrho phenylethanoid glycoside feem cais los ntawmCistanchedeserticola(CDP) ntawm cov nas raug ntxias los ntawm ovariectomy (OVX) nrog rau cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam. Tom qab 3 lub hlis ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, qhov txo qis ntawm cov pob txha pob txha pob txha, cov ntshav Ca, thiab P hauv OVX nas tau zoo lawm thiab cov pob txha trabecular microarchitecture deteriorated yog ib feem txhim kho los ntawm Cistanche deserticola (60, 120, thiab 240 mg / kg) kev cuam tshuam, cov dej num. ntawm cov pob txha resorption cim tau downregulated, thiab lub bioactive ntawm cov pob txha tsim Performance index yog upregulated; lub sijhawm no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA tau poob qis, thiab GSH tau nce los ntawm kev kho CDP. Compositionally, 8 phenylethanoid glycoside tebchaw tau txheeb xyuas hauvCistanchedeserticola(CDP), nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus suav nrog 50.3 feem pua ​​​​los ntawm kev siv HPLC txoj kev. Mechanistically,Cistanchedeserticola(CDP) txo qis qib ntawm TRAF6, RANKL, thiab RANK, yog li suppressing RANKL / RANK / TRAF6-induced activation ntawm downstream NF-κB thiab PI3K / AKT signaling pathways thiab thaum kawg tiv thaiv kev ua ub no ntawm cov tseem ceeb osteoclastogenic proteins ntawm NFAT2 thiab c -Fos. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no qhia tau hais tias CDP tau nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov pob txha microstructure hauv ovariectomized nas, thiab cov teebmeem no yuav cuam tshuam rau NF-κB thiab PI3K / AKT cov kev taw qhia uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi ntawm RANKL, RANK, thiab TRAF6.

Cistanche tubulosamuaj ntau yam teebmeem, nyem qhov no kom paub ntau ntxiv

1. Taw qhia

Postmenopausal osteoporosis, qhov twg 1 ntawm 3 tus poj niam laus dua 50 xyoo yuav raug kev txom nyem, tab tom dhau los ua kev phom sij tseem ceeb rau ntau dua 200 lab tus poj niam thoob plaws ntiaj teb [1]. Thaum cev xeeb tub, qhov poob qis ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen feem ntau ua rau cov pob txha ntau dhau los ntawm kev txhim kho osteoclastogenesis; Tom qab ntawd, qhov sib npaug ntawm osteoblast-induced pob txha tsim thiab osteoclast-induced pob txha resorption raug cuam tshuam, thiab cov pob txha ceev resorption thaum kawg ua rau osteoporosis thiab txawm lub duav lossis txha nraub qaum [2]. Nws tau ntseeg tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov osteoclast tau tshwm sim thaum lub receptor activator ntawm nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) raug khi rau RANKL, ligand ntawm RANK. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm RANK rau RANKL tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tshwj tsis yog tias muaj protein ntau necrosis yam receptor-sociated factor 6 (TRAF6) tau koom nrog hauv nws [3], tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kev taw qhia hauv qab suav nrog PI3K / AKT thiab NF-κB. Thiab thaum kawg, cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuab ua kom T hlwb c2 (NFAT2) thiab c-Fos tau tswj hwm [4] los hloov qhov sib txawv ntawm osteoclast nrog rau cov pob txha resorption. Yog li, cov xwm txheej thiab cov tswj hwm uas ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom thiab sib txawv ntawm osteoclast tau ntseeg tias yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov pob txha.

Muaj tseeb tiag qee qhov chaw kho mob thiab cov tshuaj hluavtaws hloov kho tshuaj xws li estradiol valerate uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob osteoporosis postmenopausal. Hmoov tsis zoo, qee qhov no tau txhim kho kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav loj xws li qog nqaij hlav hauv lub mis thiab endometrial [5], uas txwv lawv cov kev siv tshuaj kho mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv lwm yam kev xaiv nrog ob qho tib si ua tau zoo thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg. Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj (TCM), nrog rau cov tshuaj sib cais bioactive thiab feem ntau [6–9], tau ua pov thawj zoo rau ntau yam mob xws li postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ntawm cov bioactive Cheebtsam thiab cov feem, phenylethanoid glycoside (PhG) cov tebchaw uas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tau ntseeg tias yog cov neeg cog lus rau kev kho mob pob txha [10–12]. Cov qauv ntawm PhGs muaj xws li cinnamic acid aglycone, ib pawg hydroxyl phenyl ethyl uas yog ua ke nrog -glucopyranose, apiose, galactose, rhamnose, lossis xylose ntawm glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus. Lawv dav muaj nyob rau hauv tshuaj hom ntawm genusCistanche[13]. CistanchedeserticolaYC Ma yog ib tug nom TCM uas tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv Suav pharmacopeia, thiab dua li yog ib qho tseem ceeb TCM [14], C deserticola kuj yog ib tug antiaging tonic tshuaj uas muaj ob peb cov kev phiv uas tau tsim los rau hauv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw thiab khoom noj khoom haus kua pom zoo los ntawm lub xeev zaub mov. thiab Drug Administration. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Suav pharmacopeia, C. deserticola tau ib txwm siv los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos los daws cov teeb meem rau lub raum tsis muaj peev xwm zoo li cov leeg tsis muaj zog thiab lub lumbar tsis muaj zog, thiab phenylethanoid glycoside tebchaw suav nrog echinacoside thiab acteoside yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj ntsuab no. Raws li TCM txoj kev xav ntawm "lub raum-tswj-pob txha," cov pob txha raug tswj hwm los ntawm lub raum essence [15], thiab cov teeb meem ntawm cov pob txha xws li pob txha tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab lossis cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub raum. Yog li ntawd, peb xav tias tag nrho cov phenylethanoid glycoside feem cais los ntawm C. deserticola, tsawg kawg yog ib feem, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob pob txha. Qhov kev sim tam sim no tau tsim los ua pov thawj peb qhov kev xav los ntawm kev siv tus qauv ovariectomized (OVX) nas; Dhau li ntawm cov pob txha resorption thiab tsim cov cim uas yuav tsum tau kwv yees, lub antioxidation Performance index raws li zoo raws li RANKL/RANK/TRAF6- induced PI3K/AKT thiab NF-κB signaling pathways kuj tau ua hauj lwm los soj ntsuam lub ntsiab mechanisms ntawm lub antiosteoporotic bioactivity. .

2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab txoj kev

2.1. Cov khoom siv cog thiab kev npaj.

Tag nrho ntawm 30 kg stems ntawmCistanchedeserticolaY.C. Ma tau sau los ntawm Lub Nroog Yongning thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2015 nrog cov chaw tswj hwm 106.026597 thiab 38.262816, Ningxia Xeev, Suav. Cov tshuaj ntsuab tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm Dr. Lin Dong (Department of Pharmacognosy, Ningxia Medical University), thiab ib qho piv txwv (#201509{{40}}1) tau khaws cia hauv Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Ua ntej, 30.0 kg ntawm hmoov C. deserticola tau muab rho tawm los ntawm kev siv txoj kev reflux nrog 70 feem pua ​​​​ethanol ua cov kuab tshuaj; Qhov piv ntawm cov khoom rau cov kuab tshuaj yog teem li 1: 10, thiab lub sij hawm reflux yog 2 h rau 3 zaug. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov filtrates tau muab tso ua ke thiab condensed nyob rau hauv qhov txo qis ntawm 60 degree C. Thib ob, AB -8 macroporous resin kab tau siv rau kev sib cais ua ntej, thiab sib txawv ntawm ethanol hauv dej (0 feem pua ​​, 20 feem pua ​​, , 30 feem pua, 40 feem pua, 50 feem pua, thiab 60 feem pua, txhua 60 L) tau ua hauj lwm rau eluting. Thib peb, 40 feem pua ​​​​thiab 50 feem pua ​​​​eluent tau ua ke thiab ua kom huv ntxiv los ntawm kev siv rov ua AB -8 macroporous resin kab nrog cov eluents ntawm 0 feem pua, 20 feem pua, 30 feem pua, 40 feem pua, thiab 50 feem pua ​​​​ethanol hauv dej, thiab txhua qhov eluent yog 12 L. Thaum kawg, 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov feem raug sau thiab condensed nyob rau hauv lub siab txo kom tau 150 g daj daj sediment phenylethanoid glycoside feem ntawm C. deserticola (CDP, cov yield yog 0.5 feem pua). Rau hauv vivo kev sim, 0.5 feem pua ​​​​CMC-Na hnyav tau ua haujlwm rau yaj CDP; Kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj rau cov tsiaj tau teem tseg li 1 mL / 100 g ntawm lub cev hnyav; rau hauv vitro Western blot tsom xam, CDP tau yaj nrog DMSO thiab tom qab ntawd diluted nrog DMEM kom tau txais qhov kawg ntawm 0.1 mg / mL, 0.01 mg / ml, thiab 0.001 mg / mL.

2.2. Chemicals thiab Solvents.

Estradiol valerate (EV) yog los ntawm Delpharm Lille SAS, Fabkis; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), pob txha gla-protein (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), thiab deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslink ELISA cov khoom siv los ntawm Xinyu Biological Engineering Co. Ltd., Shanghai, Tuam Tshoj, 201605; malondialdehyde (MDA, 20181221), super oxide dismutase (SOD, 20121218), thiab glutathione (GSH, 20181221) reagent cov khoom siv los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Engineering, Nanjing, Suav; lntact parathormone (l-PTH, NEWASHE7UZ), calcitonin (2L9ISN7AIU), thiab estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERR, Y3AY8QEWB3) crosslink ELISA cov khoom siv los ntawm Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, Suav; Cathepsin K ELISA reagent cov khoom siv los ntawm BioVision, America, 1l300141; thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm RANKL (GR3193842-5), RANK (AA02113656), TRAF6 (2), c-Fos (AG12059411), NFAT2 (AO11015648), NF-κB p65 (AH04138226), PI3 kinase p86 (PI30 kinase p85) , AKT 1 (AF05173234), -actin (17AV0411), thiab lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm horseradish peroxidase-conjugated tshis anti luav IgG los ntawm ZSGB-BIO, Tuam Tshoj, 136080; tag nrho BCA pro tein assay kit thiab cov khoom siv coj mus muag rau kev tshawb pom ntawm oste oclast tsim thiab fetal bovine serum thiab Dulbecco's modifified Eagle's nruab nrab (DMEM) los ntawm HyClone, Logan, UT, USA; polyvinylidene flfluoride (PVDF) membrane los ntawm Millipore Life Sciences, Billerica, MA, USA; penicillin thiab streptomycin los ntawm Gibco, Rockville, MD, USA. Tag nrho lwm cov tshuaj siv tau yog qib AR.

2.3. HPLC Quantification ntawm Cistanche Deserticola P.

Ib qho Agilent 1220 HPLC cov cuab yeej tau ua haujlwm los txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm CDP. Cov xwm txheej chromatography tau raws li nram no: C18 kem (TSK-GEL, 4 6 I d × 250 mm, 5 μm); gradient elution muaj cov kuab tshuaj A (acetonitrile) thiab B (dej muaj 0.5 feem pua ​​​​acetic acid) (0-10 min: 17-20 feem pua ​​A; 10-30 min: 20-25 feem pua ​​A; thiab 30-40 min: 25-30 feem pua ​​A); qhov ntsuas wavelength yog 333 nm; ambient kub; ntws tus nqi yog 1.0 mL / min; cov qauv txhaj tshuaj yog 5 μL. Yim PhG compounds, uas yog, cistanoside F, echinacoside, 6′-acetylacteoside, cistanoside C, cistanoside A, acteoside, 2′-acetylacteoside, thiab isoacteoside, tau txheeb xyuas; los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv sib xws thiab cov qauv txheej txheem sab nraud, cov ntsiab lus ntawm 8 PhGs saum toj no tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm HPLC tsom xam (Daim duab 1).

2.4. Animal Experimental Protocol.

Tag nrho ntawm 60 poj niam laus Sprague-Dawley nas hnub nyoog 3 lub hlis yog lub hom phiaj los ntawm qhov chaw kuaj tsiaj ntawm Ningxia Medical University, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab lub cev qhov hnyav li ntawm 234 ± 25 g. Cov nas tsuag tau nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj kab mob kom ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb rau 1 lub lis piam. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov nas raug tshuaj loog (chloral hydrate, 100 mg / kg, ip) nkaus xwb lossis sham ovariectomized (SHAM), lossis ob lub zes qe menyuam raug tshem tawm thiab tom qab ntawd muab faib ua 5 pawg: kho qhov ncauj nrog lub tsheb (0.5 feem pua ​​CMC- Na) tau teeb tsa raws li pawg qauv (OVX), estradiol valerate (1 mg / kg / hnub) raws li pawg zoo (EV), thiab 60, 120, thiab 240 mg / kg / hnub ntawm CDP raws li qis (CDPL), nruab nrab (CDPM), thiab siab (CDPH) ntau npaum li cas pawg, feem. Tag nrho cov nas tau hais lus txhua hnub thiab siv sijhawm li 3 lub hlis nrog cov tshuaj kho txhua 2 lub lis piam uas nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho lub cev hnyav. Hnub kawg ntawm kev sim tsiaj, 24- teev tso zis tau los ntawm kev siv cov kab mob metabolic; cov ntshav tau sau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha femoral ntawm cov nas tsuag tshuaj loog; txoj cai femora, tibia, thiab tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum tau txiav thiab khaws cia ntawm -80 degree C rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv. Cov kev sim tsiaj uas peb tau ua tau pom zoo los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tsiaj thiab Siv Pawg ntawm Ningxia Medical University.

2.5. Pob txha Mineral Density Determination thiab Micro-CT Analysis.

Ua ntej, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ob lub zog X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar, USA) tau siv los kwv yees tag nrho cov pob txha pob txha pob txha ntawm txoj cai femur ntawm txhua tus nas; Thib ob, tib lub femur tau siv los kwv yees cov duab 3D ntawm cov pob txha pob txha microarchitecture los ntawm kev siv micro-CT scanner apparatus (GE, America). Qhov kev daws teeb meem isotropic tau teeb tsa li 14 μm kom tau txais cov duab 3D zoo tagnrho; thaj tsam ntawm kev txaus siab (ROI) raug xaiv los ntawm kev teeb tsa tib lub koom haum hauv kev loj hlob phaj ntawm femur ntawm txhua tus qauv; thiab cov pob txha morphometric tsis xws li trabecular sib cais (Tb. sp), trabecular tooj (Tb. N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), pob txha ntxhia cov ntsiab lus (BMC), cov ntaub so ntswg mineral density (TMD), thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntxhia cov ntsiab lus (TMC). ) tau txais los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ROI.

2.6. Ntshav thiab zis Biochemical Assay.

Kev ua ub no ntawm serum cathepsin K, TRAP, SOD, thiab GSH, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav qab zib PTH, calcitonin, ERR, MDA, BGP, thiab zis DPD, tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv reagent raws li cov chaw tsim khoom qhia, thiab qib ntawm alkaline phosphatase (ALP) thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov zis calcium (Ca) thiab phosphorus (P) tau kwv yees los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg (Ciba-Corning 550 Diagnostics Corp., Oberlin, OH, USA).

2.7. Western Blot Analysis.

Osteoclasts raug ntxias los ntawm kev siv RAW 264.7 hlwb ntxiv nrog macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) thiab RANKL. Luv luv, 1 × 107 RAW 264.7 hlwb raug coj mus rau hauv ib qho 6-zoo phaj nyob rau hauv muaj 30 ng/mL ntawm MCSF thiab 25 ng/mL ntawm RANKL. Tom qab 6 hnub ntawm induction, cov hlwb osteoclast matured tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev siv txoj kev TRAP-stained nrog cov khoom siv sib xws, tom qab ntawd kho nrog CDP (0.1, 0.01, thiab 0.001 mg/mL , ntsig txog) rau 24 h; Tom qab ntawd, cov hlwb raug lysed nrog lysis tsis muaj ing 0.5 mmol phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, protease, thiab phosphatase inhibitors. Cov lysate tau muab cais los ntawm kev siv 10 feem pua ​​SDS-PAGE thiab pauv mus rau PVDF daim nyias nyias, uas tau soj ntsuam nrog AKT1, NF-κB-p65, RANKL, PI3K-p85, RANK, NFAT2, TRAF6, c-Fos, thiab -actin (1: 400) tom qab thaiv nrog 5 feem pua ​​​​cov mis nyuj tsis muaj rog rau 2 teev. Tib daim nyias nyias raug stripped thiab soj ntsuam dua nrog cov saum toj no 9 coj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li, tom qab ntawd tau kuaj pom los ntawm Image Lab software thaum kawg. Cov kev sim tau rov ua dua peb zaug.

2.8. Kev txheeb cais.

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro kev sim, piav raws li qhov txhais tau tias ± SD, tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev siv ib-txoj kev ANOVA ua raws li Dunnett qhov kev sim (SPSS 22.0 software, SPSS, USA); p < 0="" 05="" yog="" qhov="" tseem="">

Cov txiaj ntsig

3.1. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Cistanche Deserticola P.

Los ntawm kev siv HPLC txoj kev, yimphenylethanoid glycosidecov tebchaw tau pom nyob rau hauv seem no, raws li daim duab 1 qhia. Los ntawm kev siv cov qauv siv thiab cov txheej txheem sab nraud, cov khoom sib txuas thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus tau txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas raws li hauv qab no: (1) acteoside F (3.6%), (2) echinacoside (8.8%), (3) cistanoside A (5. {9}} feem pua ​​, (4) acteoside (13.3%), (5) isoacteoside (3.3 feem pua), (6) acteoside C (3.6%), (7) 2′-acetylacteoside (9.9%), thiab (8) 6′-acetylacteoside (3.2 feem pua). Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm yim yam no tau suav tias yog 50.7 feem pua.

3.2. Cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche Deserticola P ntawm Pob Txha Mineral Density thiab Microarchitecture ntawm Trabecula.

Tag nrho cov pob txha ntxhia ntom ntom ntawm cov nas hauv pawg sib txawv yog pom hauv daim duab 2. Ib qho kev txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob txha ntxhia ntom ntom tau pom hauv cov nas ntawm OVX qauv pawg, uas txo qis los ntawm ze li 12.0 feem pua ​​tom qab 12 lub lis piam ntawm kev ua haujlwm piv nrog cov nas ntawm pawg SHAM (p < 0="" 001).="" txhua="" tus="" ntawm="" cdp-kho="" cov="" nas="" ua="" kom="" pom="" ntau="" cov="" pob="" txha="" ntxhia="" pob="" zeb="" hauv="" nruab="" nrab="" ntawm="" 11.2="" feem="" pua}),="" piv="" txwv,="" piv="" nrog="" cov="" nas="" ntawm="" ovx="" qauv="" pab="" pawg.="" tsis="" tas="" li="" ntawd,="" ua="" raws="" li="" cov="" ntaub="" ntawv="" ntawm="" tag="" nrho="" cov="" pob="" txha="" pob="" txha="" ntom="" ntom,="" micro-ct="" reconstruction="" thiab="" histomorphometric="" kev="" txiav="" txim="" siab="" ntawm="" lub="" femur="" pom="" tau="" hais="" tias="" cov="" nas="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" ovx="" pab="" pawg="" neeg="" pom="" pom="" kev="" deterioration="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" trabecular="" architecture="" pov="" thawj="" los="" ntawm="" cov="" notably="" poob="" tus="" naj="" npawb="" thiab="" cheeb="" tsam="" ntawm="" trabecula="" thiab.="" raws="" li="" kev="" nce="" qib="" tb.="" sp="" thaum="" piv="" nrog="" cov="" nas="" ntawm="" pawg="" sham.="" kev="" kho="" mob="" nrog="" cdp="" tiv="" thaiv="" ovx-induced="" deterioration="" hauv="" trabecular="" architecture;="" raws="" li="" daim="" duab="" 3="" qhia,="" bmc,="" tmc,="" thiab="" tb.="" n="" qhov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" tau="" nce="" ntxiv="" thiab="" thaj="" tsam="" ntawm="" tb.="" sp="" tau="" poob="" qis,="" thaum="" qhov="" tseem="" ceeb="" ntawm="" tmd="" thiab="" tb.="" th="" tau="" zoo="" li="" tsis="" muaj="" kev="" cuam="" tshuam="" loj="" heev="" los="" ntawm="" ovx="" kev="" ua="" haujlwm="" thiab="" peb="" cov="" kev="" cuam="" tshuam="">

3.3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cistanche Deserticola P ntawm cov zis thiab ntshav biochemical Parameters.

Raws li daim duab 4 qhia, qhov kev txo qis tseem ceeb ntawm qib zis ntawm P thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcitonin hauv cov nas ntawm OVX qauv tau kuaj pom, uas yog ze li 30 feem pua ​​​​thiab 60 feem pua ​​​​tsawg dua SHAM nas (p < 0="" 001="" raws="" li="" txoj="" cai,="" qhov="" tsis="" pom="" tseeb="" nce="" lossis="" txo="" qis="" hauv="" cov="" zis="" ntawm="" ca="" thiab="" ntshav="" qab="" zib="" ca="" nrog="" rau="" cov="" ntshav="" p="" thiab="" ntshav="" pth="" tau="" pom="" ntawm="" ovx="" thiab="" sham="" pawg.="" kev="" kho="" mob="" nrog="" cdp="" tiv="" thaiv="" kev="" poob="" ntawm="" cov="" ntshav="" p="" thiab="" ca="" hauv="" ovx="" nas,="" ua="" pov="" thawj="" los="" ntawm="" cov="" qib="" ntawm="" cov="" ntshav="" p="" thiab="" ca="" tseem="" ceeb="" tshaj="" tawm="" (p="">< 0="" 05)="" piv="" rau="" cov="" nas="" ntawm="" ovx="" qauv="" pawg.="" tsis="" tas="" li="" ntawd,="" kev="" nce="" ntxiv="" tab="" sis="" qhov="" tseem="" ceeb="" ntawm="" cov="" calcitonin="" tau="" pom="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" ob="" qho="" tib="" si="" qis="" thiab="" siab="" ntau="" npaum="" li="" cas="" ntawm="" cdp="" piv="" rau="" ovx="" qauv="">

3.4. Cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche Deserticola P ntawm Pob Txha thiab Pob Txha Resorption Markers.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm CDP ntawm cov pob txha tsim qhov Performance index, nrog rau inhibition influences ntawm cov pob txha resorption markers, tau piav nyob rau hauv daim duab 5. Hais txog cov pob txha tsim cov cim, cov qib BGP yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm ovariectomized phais pov thawj los ntawm cov tsis- Cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau pom nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg kho mob, qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav ALP tau txais ob qho tib si hauv qis (60 mg/kg) thiab nruab nrab (120} mg/kg) noj ntawm CDP pab pawg thaum piv nrog cov nas ntawm pawg SHAM (p < 0="" 01).="" hais="" txog="" cov="" pob="" txha="" resorption="" performance="" index,="" cov="" qib="" ntawm="" cov="" ntshav="" cathepsin="" k="" thiab="" dpd,="" nrog="" rau="" trap="" hauv="" nas="" ntawm="" ovx="" qauv="" pab="" pawg,="" tau="" ua="" kom="" zoo="" dua="" li="" ntawm="" 75.0="" feem="" pua,="" 41.4="" feem="" pua,="" thiab="" 21.0="" feem="" pua,="" raws="" li="" piv="" nrog="" sham="" nas.="" ,="" thiab="" thaum="" kho="" nrog="" cdp,="" tshwj="" xeeb="" tshaj="" yog="" tsawg="" npaum="" li="" cas="" ntawm="" 60="" mg="" kg,="" cov="" khoom="" ntawm="" cathepsin="" k="" thiab="" dpd="" nrog="" rau="" trap="" hauv="" ovx="" qauv="" pab="" pawg="" tau="" tshwj="" xeeb="" inhibited="" los="" ntawm="" 67.3="" feem="" pua,="" 41.4="" feem="" pua,="" thiab="" 25.9="" feem="" pua,="" raws="" li.="" piv="" rau="" cov="" nas="" hauv="" ovx="" qauv="">

3.5. Cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche Deserticola P ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab Uterine nrog rau tag nrho lub cev hnyav.

Qhov sib txawv tsis tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hnyav tag nrho lub cev ntawm cov nas tau pom ua ntej kev kho mob hauv rau pawg (Daim duab 6). Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm ovariectomized ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv lub cev qhov hnyav kawg ntawm cov nas hauv OVX qauv pawg uas yog ze li ntawm 36. }}. Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm ERR tau nthuav tawm tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm OVX thiab SHAM pawg, tag nrho cov pab pawg kho mob suav nrog CDP thiab EV nce qib ntawm ERR. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum kho nrog EV, qhov saum toj no tau nce tag nrho lub cev hnyav, nrog rau qhov poob ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab lub cev hnyav ntawm OVX nas, tau ib nrab thim rov qab (p < 0="" 001)="" ​​tab="" sis="" tsis="" cuam="" tshuam="" los="" ntawm="" cdp="" kev="" cuam="">

3.6. Cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche DeserticolaP ntawm Qib ntawm Serum MDA, SOD, thiab GSH.

Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom ntawm cov ntshav qab zib SOD thiab GSH ntawm SHAM thiab OVX qauv pawg; Raws li daim duab 7 tau piav qhia, qhov nce ntxiv hauv GSH tuaj yeem pom ntawm ob pawg saum toj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qib ntawm cov ntshav MDA tau nce siab los ntawm ze li ntawm 50 feem pua ​​​​hauv cov nas ntawm OVX qauv pawg thaum piv nrog SHAM nas. Cov kev ua ntawm SOD tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm CDP kev kho mob, thaum cov cuab yeej ntawm GSH tau txhim kho zoo los ntawm CDP kev cuam tshuam, thiab CDP tseem ceeb txo qis MDA los ntawm 33.9 feem pua ​​​​thiab 42.4 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov koob tshuaj 60 thiab 240 mg / kg, ntsig txog ( p < 0="">

3.7. Cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche deserticola P ntawm Protein Expression Levels.

Peb cov ntaub ntawv, pom hauv daim duab 8, qhia tias kev kho CDP txo qis cov protein ntau ntawm TRAF6, RANK, thiab RANKL piv rau kev tswj hwm. Txoj hauv kev hauv qab cov teeb liab suav nrog NF-κB raug txwv, thiab PI3K / AKT tau txhawb nqa los ntawm CDP kev cuam tshuam, ua pov thawj los ntawm kev qhia ntawm NF-κB-p65 downregulation, whereas PI3K-p85 thiab AKT1 tau upregulated. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev qhia ntawm NFAT2 tau txo qis, thiab c-Fos tau nce ntxiv tom qab kev kho mob nrog CDP ntawm qhov siab ntawm 0.001-0.1 mg/mL. Ib qho kev pom zoo tau piav qhia hauv daim duab 9, qhov twg CDP txo qis qib ntawm RANKL thiab RANK, ua rau txo qis ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ligand no nrog nws cov receptor, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm RANKL nrog RANK tau txo qis dua los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm TRAF6, ua raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev nqes hav suav nrog NF-κB txoj hauv kev thaum PI3K / AKT teeb liab txoj kev tau txhawb nqa, uas thaum kawg ua rau txo qis ntawm NFAT2 qhia thiab nce qib c-Fos.

4. Kev sib tham

Phenylethanoid glycosides yog ib txwm tshwm sim dej-soluble Cheebtsam uas dav muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws cog tshuaj [11]. Txog tam sim no, cov tebchaw ntawm phenylethanoid glycosides tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb vim tias lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tuav ntau tus neeg mob thiab kev txawv txav [13]. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob bioactive fractions thiab cov tebchaw, suav nrog polyphenol thiab phenylethanoid glycosides, tau txheeb xyuas thiab cais tawm ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab [5, 10, 12, 16, 17]. C. deserticola paub zoo tias "ginseng ntawm cov suab puam" uas qhia txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov khoom noj tau TCM [18, 19]. Raws li cov tshuaj ntsuab tonic thiab cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv uas tau siv ntev hauv cov tebchaws Esxias, C. deserticola nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho lub raum lub zog. Nws tau pom tias TCM, ib txwm siv los ua kom muaj zog thiab ua kom lub raum tseem ceeb, feem ntau yog siv los kho cov pob txha, ob qho tib si hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm tau ua pov thawj cov kev ua haujlwm antiosteoporotic ntawm C. deserticola [20–23], thiab phenylethanoid glycoside cov neeg suav nrog. echinacoside thiab acteoside yog lub ntsiab bioactive Cheebtsam uas muaj nyob rau hauv no edible tshuaj nroj tsuag; tag nrho cov uas tau hais tias tsis yog tsuas yog echinacoside thiab acteoside lawv tus kheej tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm yam phenylethanoid glycoside cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv C. deserticola raug suav hais tias yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov cuab yeej antiosteoporotic ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab no. Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, ib qho kev nyab xeeb zoo macroporous resin tau siv los cais thiab txhawb cov phenylethanoid glycoside feem ntawm C. deserticola, thiab los ntawm kev siv HPLC txoj kev, yim lub ntsiab phenylethanoid glycoside Cheebtsam, uas yog, acteoside F, echinacoside, cistanoside A, acteoside, isoacteoside, acteoside C, 2′-acetylacteoside, thiab 6′-acetylacteoside, tau pom nyob rau hauv cov cais phenylethanoid glycoside feem, thiab cov ntsiab lus yog 3.6 feem pua, 8.8 feem pua, 5.0 feem pua, 13.3 feem pua, 3.9 feem pua, , thiab 3.2 feem pua. Echinacoside, ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb sib txuas sau tseg hauv C. deserticola [14], tau raug pov thawj tias muaj kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv osteoporotic; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm 270 mg / kg yog siab heev uas txwv nws qhov kev siv tshuaj ntxiv ntxiv [24]. Hauv qhov kev sim tam sim no, tag nrho cov phenylethanoid glycoside feem nrog qis dua ntawm 60-240 mg / kg lub cev hnyav /- hnub tau siv rau ntawm OVX nas, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pov thawj pom tau ze li 50 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom siv no los ntawm kev siv txoj kev HPLC.

Nws tau paub zoo tias OVX tuaj yeem ua rau pob txha pob txha, thiab OVX nas tau ntseeg tias yog ib qho qauv zoo thiab tsim nyog los simulate tib neeg postmenopausal osteoporosis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov txo qis hauv cov pob txha pob txha pob txha, pob txha pob txha microarchitecture, qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos, thiab qib tshuaj estrogen, nrog rau kev txhim kho pom tseeb hauv pob txha resorption thiab lub cev hnyav, tau pom tom qab kev phais ovariectomy, ntawm cov uas nyob hauv. ib feem vim tsis muaj tshuaj estrogen [25]. Peb cov ntaub ntawv, txog tam sim no, qhia meej meej tias OVX qhov tseeb tau ua rau cov pob txha mos tom qab yug menyuam thiab ib txwm nrog cov pob txha tsis zoo, cov pob txha microarchitecture, thiab lub tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos ntub qhov hnyav. Raws li EV yog ib qho kev hloov pauv cov tshuaj hormones uas tau siv hauv kev kho mob, nws tau siv los ua kev tswj xyuas zoo hauv peb qhov kev sim vivo, thiab tau txais lub cev hnyav thiab atrophy uterus hnyav, nrog rau cov pob txha pob txha tsis zoo thiab cov pob txha trabecular microarchitecture. , tau cia siab thim rov qab los ntawm EV supplementation. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo, qhov txo qis ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev menyuam, nrog rau qhov hnyav tag nrho lub cev ntawm cov nas hauv OVX qauv pab pawg, tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm CDP kev kho mob, uas txhais tau hais tias CDP tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pob txha tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab uterine cov ntaub so ntswg. Txawm hais tias cov theem ntawm ERR tau nce siab los ntawm CDP kev kho mob, nws zoo li cov nyhuv phytoestrogen uas tsis muaj kev phiv ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos cov ntaub so ntswg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob ntawm CDP tau txhawb nqa cov pob txha zoo hauv OVX nas uas tau ua tsis zoo los ntawm kev phais ovariectomy.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qib P thiab Ca hauv cov zis thiab cov ntshav ntawm OVX nas kuj tau siv los cuam tshuam cov nyhuv antiosteoporotic, thiab cov concentrations ntawm Ca thiab inorganic P feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qib ntawm calcitonin thiab PTH [26]. Hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov txo qis lossis nce zuj zus hauv cov zis tso zis theem ntawm Ca, ntshav qab zib P, ntshav Ca, thiab PTH hauv cov nas ntawm OVX qauv pab pawg tau txais, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov zis ntawm P thiab calcitonin (p < {="" {1}})="" tau="" pom.="" raws="" li="" cov="" ntaub="" ntawv="" luam="" tawm="" uas="" tsis="" muaj="" tshuaj="" estrogen="" tshwm="" sim="" los="" ntawm="" kev="" phais="" ovariectomy="" ib="" txwm="" ua="" rau="" txo="" qis="" calcitonin="" hauv="" cov="" ntshav,="" qhov="" txo="" qis="" hauv="" cov="" ntshav="" calcitonin="" thaum="" kawg="" ua="" rau="" nce="" qib="" pth,="" qhov="" twg="" ca="" tau="" ntseeg="" tias="" yog="" tus="" tswj="" hwm="" loj="" ntawm="" pth="" secretion.="" vim="" tias="" qhov="" concentration="" ntawm="" pth="" tsis="" pom="" qhov="" sib="" txawv="" tseem="" ceeb="" ntawm="" ovx="" thiab="" sham="" pawg="" hauv="" txoj="" kev="" tshawb="" fawb="" tam="" sim="" no,="" theem="" ntawm="" ca="" hauv="" cov="" ntshav="" thiab="" cov="" zis="" kuj="" pom="" tsis="" muaj="" kev="" hloov="" pauv="" ntawm="" ob="" pawg="" saum="" toj="" no.="" txawm="" li="" cas="" los="" xij,="" qhov="" kev="" xav="" tsis="" zoo="" ntawm="" qib="" calcitonin="" ntawm="" ovx="" thiab="" sham="" pawg="" tau="" txais,="" thiab="" yog="" li="" ntawd,="" cov="" ntsiab="" lus="" ntawm="" p="" hauv="" cov="" zis="" ntawm="" ovx="" tau="" txo="" qis.="" peb="" ntseeg="" tias="" cov="" ntaub="" ntawv="" saum="" toj="" no="" tuaj="" yeem="" piav="" qhia="" qhov="" tsis="" sib="" xws="" ntawm="" qhov="" tshwm="" sim="" vim="" li="" cas="" cov="" zis="" tso="" zis="" ntawm="" qib="" ca="" hauv="" ovx="" nas="" tsis="" pom="" qhov="" hloov="" pauv="" li="" piv="" rau="" sham="" nas,="" thiab="" qhov="" tshwm="" sim="" no="" kuj="" tseem="" cuam="" tshuam="" txog="" qhov="" nce="" ntawm="" cov="" pob="" txha="" tig="" [27]="" .="" tom="" qab="" kev="" kho="" mob="" nrog="" cdp,="" qib="" ntawm="" p="" thiab="" ca="" hauv="" cov="" ntshav="" tau="" nce="" ntxiv,="" thiab="" cov="" ntsiab="" lus="" ntawm="" p="" hauv="" cov="" zis="" tau="" txo="" qis="" hauv="" ovx="" nas,="" uas="" qhia="" tau="" tias="" cdp="" tuaj="" yeem="" tsis="" tsuas="" yog="" tiv="" thaiv="" cov="" pob="" txha="" ntxhia="" hauv="" cov="" khoom="" tawm,="" tab="" sis="" kuj="" txhim="" kho="" cov="" ntshav="" cov="" ntsiab="" lus="" ntawm="" cov.="" cov="" ntsiab="" lus,="" yog="" li="" indirectly="" suppressing="" pob="">

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pob txha tsim thiab cov cim resorption, nrog rau cov enzymes antioxidant suav nrog SOD thiab GSH, kuj tau ua haujlwm los piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv osteoporotic ntawm CDP. Zoo ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, qib ntawm ALP hauv cov nas ntawm OVX cov qauv pab pawg tau nthuav tawm qhov tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb nce ntxiv uas qhia tau hais tias qhov nce ntawm cov pob txha hloov pauv hauv cov pob txha tom qab yug menyuam [10]. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev kho mob nrog CDP (60, 120, thiab 240 mg / kg / hnub), cov cuab yeej ntawm ALP tau txhim kho zoo. Nws tau paub zoo tias OVX ua rau muaj kev poob qis ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen uas feem ntau ua rau cov pob txha muaj zog ntau dua thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab [28], ua pov thawj los ntawm cov qib TRAP, cathepsin K, thiab DPD nrog rau MDA tshwj xeeb hauv cov nas ntawm cov nas. OVX model group. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tsis zoo no tau txhim kho ib nrab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam CDP. Tsis tas li ntawd, OVX kev kho nas nrog CDP (60 thiab 240 mg / kg) tau pom tias muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm GSH (p < 0="" 05).="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" saum="" toj="" no="" qhia="" tau="" hais="" tias="" cdp="" tau="" nthuav="" tawm="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" kho="" mob="" ntawm="" ovx-vim="" osteoporosis="" thiab="" cov="" teebmeem="" no="" yog="" ob="" qho="" tib="" si="" los="" ntawm="" kev="" txhim="" kho="" cov="" pob="" txha="" thiab="" txo="" cov="" pob="" txha="" resorption="" nrog="" rau="" kev="" txhim="" kho="" cov="" pob="" txha="">

Kev ua kom RANK los ntawm nws ligand RANKL txhawb cov kab lus ntawm NFAT2 thiab c-Fos ntawm PI3K / AKT thiab NF-κB signaling [29]. NF-κB tau ua pov thawj qhov tseem ceeb rau osteoclastogenesis vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm NF-κB tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam osteoclast sib txawv nrog osteoporotic phenotype, thiab NF-κB upregulated c-Fos thiab downregulated NFAT2 kab lus thaum RANKL/RANK/TRAF-induced genesis. Txhawm rau kwv yees qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm CDP ntawm NFAT2 thiab c-Fos-mediated osteoclastogenesis, cov theem qhia ntawm RANKL thiab RANK tau txheeb xyuas. Cia siab tias, CDP cuam tshuam NFAT2 thiab txhawb nqa qib c-Fos los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm RANKL thiab RANK. Lub caij no, RANK nws tus kheej tsis muaj cov cuab yeej hauv kinase tshwj tsis yog koom nrog TRAF6 los ua rau cov teeb liab qis [3]. CDP kuj tseem txo qis qhov kev qhia ntawm TRAF6, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm RANKL thiab RANK raug txo qis. Ib qho kev xav txog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm CDP ntawm OVX nas npog cov kev taw qhia saum toj no, thiab cov tswj hwm tau piav qhia hauv daim duab 9. Concisely, CDP tsis kam TRAF6, RANKL, thiab RANK qib, yog li suppressing downstream signaling pathways xws li PI3K/AKT thiab NF-BκBκ. yog tshwm sim los ntawm RANKL / RANK, thiab thaum kawg txo cov kev qhia thiab kev ua ub no ntawm cov tseem ceeb osteoclastogenic proteins NFAT2 thiab c-Fos. Yog li, ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm CDP ntawm cov pob txha metabolism ntawm OVX nas feem ntau los ntawm RANKL/RANK/TRAF6-koom haum PI3K/AKT thiab NF-κB txoj hauv kev.

5. Cov lus xaus

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, tag nrho cov phenylethanoid glycosides, cais los ntawm C. deserticola, tau nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob osteoporosis postmenopausal ntawm OVX nas, thiab cov peev xwm kho mob hauv kev txo cov pob txha poob yog los ntawm kev txhawb cov pob txha tsim thiab inhibiting pob txha resorption nrog rau kev txhim kho cov pob txha. qhov system; cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam nrog RANKL / RANK / TRAF6-induced NF-κB activation thiab PI3K / AKT inactivation nrog rau c-Fos stimulation thiab NFAT2 suppression, thiab thaum kawg, qhov sib txawv ntawm osteoclast tau inhibited.

Cov ntawv luv

AKT: Protein kinase B

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase

BGP: Pob txha GLA protein

BMC: Pob txha pob txha cov ntsiab lus

CDP: Phenylethanoid glycoside feem ntawm C. deserticola

CK: Cathepsin K

CT: Calcitonin Cov

DPD: Deoxypyridinoline

ERR: Estrogen-related receptor alpha

EV: Estradiol valerate

GSH: Glutathione l-PTH: tsis muaj zog parathormone

MCSF: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

MDA: Malondialdehyde

NFAT2: Nuclear factor of activated T cells c2

NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B

OPG: Osteoprotegerin

OVX: Ovariectomized

PhGs: Phenylethanoid glycosides

PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

RANK: Receptor activator ntawm nuclear factor-kappa B

RANKL: Receptor activator ntawm nuclear factor-kappa

B ligand ROI: Thaj tsam ntawm kev txaus siab

SOD: Superoxide dismutase

Tb. N: Trabecular naj npawb

Tb.Sp: Trabecular sib cais

Tb.Th: Trabecular thickness

TCM: Tshuaj suav tshuaj

TMC: Cov ntaub so ntswg ntxhia

TMD: Cov ntaub so ntswg ntxhia ntom ntom

TNF: Tumor necrosis factor

TRAF6: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6

TRAP: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.

Cov ntaub ntawv muaj

Cov ntaub ntawv siv los txhawb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog muaj los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv raws li kev thov.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Cov neeg sau ntawv tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab.

Cov neeg sau ntawv koom tes

XM tsim thiab saib xyuas cov kev sim; SD thiab LY tau ua feem ntau ntawm cov kev sim thiab sau cov ntawv sau; BZ thiab JL tau ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas Western blot thiab koom nrog kev sim tsiaj; YD tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv; QT thiab PY tau hloov kho cov ntawv sau. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv sau. Lingling Yang thiab Shuqin Ding tau pab tib yam rau cov ntawv sau.

Kev lees paub

Txoj haujlwm no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov nyiaj pab los ntawm Science Technology Foundation of Higher Education of Ningxia (NGY2017090), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81560684), Qhov Kev Tshawb Fawb Tseem Ceeb thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Ningxia (2018BHF2001), Ningxia Key Research thiab Invention Program of Science thiab Technology Kev Koom Tes ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Sab Hnub Poob (Nos. 2017BY084 thiab 2017BY079), thiab West Light Foundation ntawm Suav Academy ntawm Sciences-Young Scientists ntawm West 2017.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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[2] . 1, nr. 1, pp. 6–14, 2010.

[3] EM Tan, L. Li, IR Indran, N. Chew, thiab EL Yong, "TRAF6 mediates suppression of osteoclastogenesis thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm ovariectomy-induced pob txha los ntawm ib tug tshiab prenylflavonoid," Phau ntawv Journal ntawm pob txha thiab Mineral tshawb fawb, vol. 3 2, nr. 4, pp. 846–{6}, 2017.

[4] JH Kim and N. Kim, "Regulation of NFATc1 in osteoclast differentiation," Journal of Bone Metabolism, vol. 21, nr. 4, pp. 233–241, 2014.

[5] Q. Ye, XQ Ma, CL Hu et al., "Antiosteoporotic act and constituents of Podocarpium podocarpus," Phytomedicine, vol. 22, nr. 1, pp. 94–102, 2015.

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