Associative-memory Deficit As A Function Of Age And Stimuli Serial Position Part 2

Kev txheeb cais

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau txheeb xyuas siv STATISTICA software (version 12), ib qho kev soj ntsuam software siab tshaj plaws uas yog tsim los ntawm StatSoft thiab tam sim no tswj hwm los ntawm TIBCO SoftwareInc.

Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev nco. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pab peb txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb thiab pab kom peb tswj tau cov tswv yim thiab lub siab zoo dua. Rau ntau tus neeg, mastering ntau cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj lub cim xeeb muaj zog. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav suav nrog cov cai, qauv, cov ntsiab lus, hnub tim, qhov tseeb, thiab cov npe ntawm cov neeg nto moo.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm yuav tsum muaj ntau lub zog thiab ib theem ntawm kev nco. Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tsis nco qab, yog li peb yuav tsum ua qee yam kev sib txuas thiab cim lawv thaum kawm. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ncauj lus, thiab lub sijhawm tsim nyog tsim los rau kev kawm. Peb tseem tuaj yeem ua kom qhov kev xav tob tob los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov kev paub ntawm tus kheej.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev pab peb kawm thiab nco ntsoov cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv tseem tuaj yeem muab kev paub dav dav rau peb thiab pab peb nthuav peb lub qab ntug. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab kawm cov ntaub ntawv, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab tias lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm li cas thiab kwv yees kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.

Muab qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm peb lub cim xeeb, peb yuav tsum nquag siv cov ntaub ntawv los pab txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyuaj, tab sis kev kawm ntev thiab kev xyaum tuaj yeem txhawb peb lub peev xwm nco thiab nthuav peb cov tswv yim hauv lub neej niaj hnub. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev nco, thiab Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco zoo vim Cistanche deserticola yog cov khoom siv tshuaj suav tshuaj uas muaj ntau yam teebmeem, ib qho ntawm kev txhim kho kev nco. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nqaij minced los ntawm ntau yam khoom xyaw uas nws muaj, nrog rau cov kua qaub, polysaccharides, flavonoids, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem txhawb lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv ntau txoj hauv kev.

Nyem Paub txhawm rau txhim kho lub cim xeeb luv luv

Kev sib piv ntawm pab pawg (cov tub ntxhais hluas piv rau cov laus laus) tau ua nrog Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm T-test thiab qhov kev xav ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev hloov pauv ywj pheej uas tau siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no tau suav nrog F-tests.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Table 1 qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm 22 tus tub ntxhais hluas thiab 22 tus neeg laus laus koom nrog uas tau suav nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas (nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas kev txheeb cais). Cov pab pawg muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv tab sis tsis sib txawv hauv xyoo kawm ntawv thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej kev faib tawm ntawm pawg. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev nco, peb suav qhov "ntaus minusfalse-alarm" tus nqi rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv txhua qhov kev sim.

Kev sib tsoo tshwm sim thaum tus neeg koom nrog txheeb xyuas cov khoom kuaj lub hom phiaj raws li lub hom phiaj thiab lub tswb tsis tseeb (FA) tshwm sim thaum tus neeg koom nrog raug txheeb xyuas tsis raug raws li lub hom phiaj. Nrog rau qhov kev ntsuas no, qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws (kwv yees) tau txais tus qhab nia ntawm 0.00, thiab kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tau qhab nia ntawm 1.00. Qhov no sib npaug ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib koom ua ke txog qhov ntsuas tau siv.

ADI tau xam raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab kev paub txog kev sib koom ua ke (cov khoom lees paub qhov kev ua tau zoo rho tawm kev lees paub kev ua haujlwm).

Txhawm rau hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm SSP (pib / nruab nrab / kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe kawm) ntawm kev nco txog cov khoom piv rau cov koom haum hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg laus, peb suav txog peb txoj kev sib xyaw tsim ANOVA nrog rau cov ntsiab lus saum toj no.

Reaction-time (RT) txhais tau hais tias thiab tus qauv sib txawv rau cov khoom thiab kev sib koom ua ke raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab SSP muaj nyob rau hauv Table 2. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb txoj kev sib xyaw tsim ANOVA (saib Table 3 thiab Fig 2) tau qhia peb qhov tseem ceeb . Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau hnub nyoog [F(1, 42)=39.93, p<.001, η2 p = .49], with lower overall memory performance in the older group [M = 0.29±0.05SD] compared to the younger group [M = 0.42±0.07SD]. 

Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau kev sim [F(1, 42)=136.50, p<.001, η2 p = .76], with higher memory recognition for items [M = 0.45±0.09SD] than for associations [M = 0.26±0.14SD]. A significant main effect for SSP [F (2, 84) = 93.33, p<.001, η2 p = .68], with planned-comparison analysis showing that memory accuracy for stimuli located at the end of the learning list [M = 0.54±0.14SD] was higher than for stimuli located at the beginning of the learning list [M = 0.32±0.16SD] and middle of the learning list [M = 0.21 ±0.08SD] [F(1, 42) = 147.31, p<.001, η2 p = .77]. 

Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov rau stimuli nyob rau thaum pib ntawm daim ntawv teev cov kev kawm tau ntau dua rau cov stimuli nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv kawm [F(1, 42)=25.17, p<.001, η2 p = .37].

Peb tau pom muaj kev cuam tshuam ob txoj hauv kev ntawm SSP thiab hnub nyoog [F(2, 84)=6.43,p<.001, η2 p = .13], showing a robust memory performance difference between age groups (younger adults>cov laus) rau stimuli nyob rau hauv thaum pib [F(1, 42)=17.21, p<.001, η2 p = .29] and end of the learning list [F(1, 42) = 26.50, p<.001, η2 p = .38] but not for stimuli located at intermediate positions [F(1, 42) = 1.09, p = .30, η2 p = .02]. The second two-way significant interaction was observed between the test and age [F(1, 42) = 24.58, p<.001, η2 p = .37]. 

Kev npaj-kev sib piv kev tsom xam pom tau tias cov neeg laus laus thiab cov hluas tuaj koom tsis sib txawv hauv kev nco txog cov khoom [F(1, 42)=3.33, p=.07, η2p=.13] thaum asharp pab pawg sib txawv hauv kev ua tau zoo tau tshwm sim rau kev sib koom tes [F(1, 42) =58.84, p<.001, η2 p = .58]. The third significant two-way interaction was found between the test and SSP [F(2, 84) = 8.40, p<.001, η2 p = .16]. 

Kev npaj-kev sib piv kev tsom xam pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov npe ua haujlwm thaum ntxov [F(1, 42)=23.27,p<.001, η2 p = .35], middle list positions [F(1, 42) = 20.35, p<.001, η2 p = .32], and later/end list positions [F(1, 42) = 92.42, p<.001, η2 p = .68]. Despite significant differences in all three comparisons, the effect size of the later end of the list positions was the largest (.68, compared to the two other conditions: early; .35 and middle; .32 list positions). This pattern replicates our previous findings [55] and enables us to generalize the reported results of greater associativedecline for stimuli located at the end of the learning list to older adult participants.

Txawm hais tias ob txoj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev xeem thiab hnub nyoog yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv txhua txoj haujlwm serial (primacy, F(1, 42)=4.81, p=.033, η2p=.10 ; nruab nrab, F(1, 42)=5.31, p=.026, η2p=.11; thiab recency, F(1, 42)=12. 75, p=.<1]. To specifically assess our hypothesis regarding greater ADI scores under the recency portion in older adults, we also computed a two-way mixed design ANOVA with SSP (beginning/middle/end of the learning list, a within-subjects factor) X age (young/old, a between-subjects factor) as independent variables and ADI as the dependent variable. This interaction was not significant [F<1]. Together, these statistical analyses emphasize that the associative deficit is significantly augmented under the recency portion, but with a similar outcome for both young and old adults.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov qhab nia ADI siab dua tuaj yeem pom tseeb vim qhov txo qis hauv cov nqi ntaus lossis nce hauv FA cov lus teb lossis ob qho tib si. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg peb suav nrog plaub txoj kev sib xyaw tsim ANOVA nrog rau cov hauv qab no: kuaj (khoom piv rau kev lees paub; qhov sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus), X hnub nyoog (hnub nyoog qis dua rau cov laus laus; qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv), X SSP (pib / nruab nrab / kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe, qhov sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus) thiab X teb (Hitsversus FAs; qhov sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus). Plaub txoj kev sib cuam tshuam tsis ncav cuag qhov tseem ceeb (F<1). 

Cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm ntawm no yog rau kev sib cuam tshuam siab tshaj plaws uas suav nrog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab qhov tseem ceeb; peb txoj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev xeem X hnub nyoog X teb [F(1, 42) =24.57, p<.001, η2 p = .37]. Planned-comparison analysis on this interaction showed that while the two-way simple interaction between age and response in the item condition was not significant [F(1, 42) = 3.33, p = .07, η2 p = .07], the two-way simple interaction between the same factors was significant under the associative condition [F(1, 42) = 58.84, p<.001, η2 p = .58]. 

Kev soj ntsuam ntxiv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam tom qab tau qhia tias txawm tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov laus tau pom tseeb rau Hits cov lus teb [F < 1], ntau dua FA tus nqi tau pom tseeb rau cov neeg laus cov neeg laus koom nrog hauv kev sib koom ua ke [F(1, 42) {{ 3.30, ib<.001, η2 p = .19], see Fig 3. Another three-way interaction that was found to be significant was between test X SSP and X response [F(2, 84) = 8.40, p<.001, η2 p = .17]. 

Kev npaj-kev sib piv kev tsom xam pom tau tias qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev xeem (khoom piv rau koom haum) thiab cov lus teb (Hits piv rau FA) yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws rau txoj hauj lwm recency [F(1, 42)=92.42,p<.001, η2 p = .68] compared to primacy and middle positions [F(1, 42) = 23.25, p<.001, η2 p = .35; F(1, 42) = 20.35, p<.001, η2 p = .32; respectively].

Kev sib tham

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yog los ntsuas qhov sib cais thiab sib koom ua ke ntawm ob qho tib si SSP thiab kev laus ntawm kev nco txog cov khoom sib piv nrog cov koom haum. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev sim tam sim no rov ua dua peb cov txiaj ntsig yav dhau los uas pom tau tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua (kev ntsuas qhov qhab nia ADI; piv txwv li, xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab kev paub txog kev sib koom tes, tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas) rau stimuli nthuav tawm tom kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe kawm [55 ] thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau cov neeg laus cov neeg koom nrog.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm yav dhau los thiab txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no ua ke muab kev txhawb nqa tus cwj pwm rau lub neej ntawm kev sib koom ua ke-txhim kho qhov tsis txaus uas feem ntau pom tseeb rau kev txhawb nqa nrog cov npe tom qab (piv txwv li, cov haujlwm tshiab). Txawm li cas los xij, peb tsis tau pom cov pov thawj rau kev sib koom ua ke tsis txaus ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab hauv cov hnub nyoog laus uas yuav txhawb nqa peb qhov kev xav.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev npaj tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm tusHit piv rau FA tus nqi, peb tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg laus laus kom nce FA tus nqi raws li kev koom tes. Cov txiaj ntsig no txhawb qhov kev txiav txim siab tias feem ntau, cov neeg laus muaj peev xwm teb tau tias ib khub sib koom ua ke (xws li, tus neeg cuam tshuam) tau tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv teev npe kawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov ntaub ntawv sim tau nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe kawm.

Txoj kev tshawb xav dual-txheej txheem qhia tias ib leeg thiab ua khub (piv txwv li, cuam tshuam) cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv hauv kev nco [57]. Txoj kev xav tau hais tias ob qho kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm kev nco qab: yog kev paub thiab kev nco qab. Kev paub yog kev lees paub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Nws raug suav hais tias yog qhov tsis siv neeg thiab feem ntau txhais tau tias yog "kev paub" nrog cov stimuli kom paub txog.

Recollection yog hais txog kev nco txog cov xwm txheej uas muaj nrog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab cov koom haum. Nws raug suav hais tias suav nrog kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm thiab cuam tshuam nrog qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev nco qab. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no feem ntau raug sim coj tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib koom ua ke nco txog kev sib koom ua ke, qhia tias thaum cov khoom lees paub yog txuas rau ob qho tib si kev paub thiab kev nco qab, kev paub txog kev sib koom tes tsuas yog los ntawm kev nco qab [10].

Peb qhov kev tshwm sim yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog txoj kev tshawb xav dual-txheej txheem [57] thiab qhov kev pom tias thaum kev paub txaus txaus rau kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom raug, kev lees paub tseeb ntawm cov koom haum xav tau kev rov qab los. Txhawm rau kom rov nco qab cov ntaub ntawv koom nrog, nws tsis txaus kom paub txog nws cov khoom (piv txwv li, cov khoom), cov ntsiab lus txaus yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom txiav txim siab seb cov khoom puas tau nthuav tawm ua ke thaum kawm.

Kev laus zoo li cuam tshuam kev nco qab, tab sis tsis yog cov txheej txheem kev paub, yog li, peb ua rau cov neeg laus muaj kev nyiam ua yuam kev txiav txim siab ua khub raws li tau tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv teev npe kawm, mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev txawj ntse tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus dua.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los [10] peb postulate tias nrog lub hnub nyoog, kev kawm dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev paub ntau dua li cov txheej txheem nco qab vim tias kev cia siab rau kev paub tsis txaus rau kev lees paub ntawm cov koom haum. Qhov kev thov no tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm (piv txwv li, nco qab-raws li) qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas pom hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no.

Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb uas siv qhov kev rov qab rov qab dawb, qhov kev kawm tam sim no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm peb qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv lub cim nco txog kev nco. Ua ntej, nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis muaj kev sim tswj nyob rau hauv qhov kev rov qab rov qab pub dawb (hauv qhov kev rov qab rov qab pub dawb tus neeg tshawb xyuas tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntsiab lus). Qhov thib ob, siv qhov kev paub-raws li lub cim xeeb tso cai rau lub peev xwm los sib piv cov kev sib koom ua ke rau ib yam khoom uas tsim nws.

Ntawd yog, ADI qhab nia ua rau kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom thiab kev paub txog kev sib koom ua ke, thaum nyob hauv txoj haujlwm rov qab dawb, qhov kev sib piv no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Thib peb, stimuli ntawm qhov kev xeem theem tsis tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov screen tab sis raws li lawv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv kawm (pib / nruab nrab / kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe). Cov txheej txheem no tau ua rau peb tswj hwm qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov cuam tshuam tsis ntev los no.

Txhua daim ntawv teev npe kawm tau ua raws li tsuas yog ib qho kev sim luv luv raws li 6 qhov kev sim (3X2); txawm hais tias qhov kev tswj xyuas no tsis yog parsimonious (raws li nws yuav tsum tau muaj ntau qhov kev sim) nws ua, txawm li cas los xij, txo cov nyhuv ua ntu zus (ie, cov nyhuv. ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa yav dhau los ntawm cov lus teb yav tom ntej rau qhov kev txhawb nqa tam sim no) thiab kev npaj ntawm tus neeg koom rau ib qho kev sim tshwj xeeb.

Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm txoj hauj lwm serial nkhaus hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov recency nyhuv, stimuli ntawm lateserial txoj hauj lwm tau txais txiaj ntsim los ntawm ntau dua retrieval probability vim lawv tseem "kho" nyob rau hauv WMand yog li yuav tau effortlessly retrieved [30, 46, 50–52]. Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, peb tau xav txog qhov kev koom tes ntawm WM hauv qhov (tshwj xeeb) kev koom ua ke hauv cov hnub nyoog laus.

Peb tau kuaj qhov sib cais thiab sib koom ua ke ntawm SSP thiab kev laus ntawm kev nco rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ua ke. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov cuam tshuam tsis ntev los no tsis tau piav qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev nco txog kev ua haujlwm rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tau nthuav tawm tom qab cov npe ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe kawm (piv rau lwm daim ntawv teev npe), rau cov neeg laus thiab cov laus, kev sib koom ua ke yog qhov loj tshaj plaws rau cov ntaub ntawv kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tau meej tias ib leeg thiab ua ke stimuli (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv sib koom ua ke) tsis tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm rov qab tau ntau dua vim lawv muaj nyob hauv WM.

Kev lees paub rau cov khoom sib koom ua ke tau txo qis heev rau kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov npe tom qab ua haujlwm (piv rau kev nco txog kev lees paub rau ib yam khoom ntawm cov haujlwm zoo sib xws). Cov kev tshawb pom no txhawb nqa qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke uas twb muaj lawm ntawm WM theem raws li kev sib khi stimuli tseem khaws cia hauv WM thaum lub sijhawm kuaj pom tam sim.

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hais txog kev muaj hnub nyoog ntsig txog kev koom ua ke-kev nco tsis txaus nyob rau lub sijhawm luv / WM tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov nyiaj tsis txaus, vim tias muaj qhov tsis txaus nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv / WM theem, yuav txhawb nqa lub hnub nyoog sib txawv hauv kev sib koom tes encoding peev xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv / WM yuav txhawb nqa lub hnub nyoog ntev txog kev sib koom ua ke uas tuaj yeem yog vim muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv hauv kev sib sau ua ke thiab tsis nco qab ntawm kev koom nrog lub sijhawm [25]. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tsis poob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv no nkaus xwb. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom tau taw qhia qhov kev cuam tshuam loj dua rau cov khoom siv sib koom ua ke uas tau nthuav tawm tom qab cov npe ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, stimuli uas tseem khaws cia hauv WM thiab tsis muaj kab nyob hauv LTM), tab sis ntxiv rau cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov laus koom. Cov txiaj ntsig no txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke encoding peev xwm, ywj siab ntawm hnub nyoog.

Ntau qhov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yuav tsum tau lees paub. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, tsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas lub hom phiaj kev txawj ntse raug siv, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm MCI uas tsis tau kuaj pom los ua tus pab cuam rau kev nco tsis txaus pom hauv pawg neeg laus. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau txhawb kom siv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas lub hom phiaj kev paub txog kev txawj ntse los xyuas kom meej qhov kev paub dav dav ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom thiab kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob qis.

Qhov thib ob, txawm hais tias txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muab kev txhawb nqa kev coj tus cwj pwm rau kev laus thiab kev nco txog cov txheej txheem uas feem ntau suav hais tias yog kev cia siab rau lub hlwb cov qauv hais tias nws tsis suav nrog cov duab. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm neuroimaging tau lees paub tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke-txhim kho qhov tsis txaus hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov laus thiab muab pov thawj ntawm neuro-anatomical thiab kev ua haujlwm sib txuas los txhawb lossis cuam tshuam cov kev coj cwj pwm ntawm lub hlwb.

Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, peb tso siab rau qhov dav lees paub keeb kwm saib uas txhawb kev faib thiab kev txhais ntawm cov kab ke ntawm txoj hauj lwm nkhaus asbeginning/middle of list stimuli raws li LTM thiab kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev cov stimuli raws li lub sij hawm luv luv/WM [30 — 36, 58] ib. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov kev xav kuj tseem muaj [59–62], yog li peb txhais cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau ceev faj.

Thaum txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev laus tau ib txwm ua los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov paj hlwb tshwj xeeb uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau neural degeneration lossis txo qis hauv lub hlwb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom kawm txog lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam nrog ntau hom kev txawj ntse, tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas tsis yog qhov muaj qhov tsis txaus tab sis kuj nws qhov chaw thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.

Kev tshawb nrhiav kev coj tus cwj pwm sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov tseeb ntawm, piv txwv li, encoding thiab retrieval deficits, thiab yog li tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb neuroimaging los ntsuas qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub hlwb. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, peb muaj peev xwm hais txog lub cheeb tsam ntawm associative-nco xav kom nce FA tus nqi twb nyob rau hauv WM theem. Txij li kev paub tsis meej yog qhov cim ntawm cov hnub nyoog laus dua, kev nkag siab zoo li no tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov peev txheej biomarkers rau kev kuaj mob thiab kev kuaj mob ntawm cov neeg laus, nrog rau kev txhim kho tus qauv kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab kev ua haujlwm-cov duab kos duab thiab cov cuab yeej tsom rau kev soj ntsuam kom txaus (tsis muaj. ) muaj peev xwm hauv cov laus.

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