Antioxidant Thiab Anti-Melanogenic Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntawm Kub Kho Licorice (Wongam, Glycyrrhiza Glabra × G. Uralensis) Extract

Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com

Min Hye Kang 1,2, Gwi Yeong Jang 1, Yun-Jeong Ji 1, Jeong Hoon Lee 1, Su Ji Choi 1, Tae Kyung Hyun 2,* andHyung Don Kim 1,*

Abstract:Melanin yog xim av lossis xim dub uas tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij los ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab cov pa oxygen hom (ROS). Txawm li cas los xij, overproduction ntawm melanin yog txuam nrog lentigines, melasma, freckles thiab tawv nqaij cancer.Licoricetau qhiaantioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory, thiab immunomodulatory kev ua ub no thiab yog siv raws li ib tug natural kho rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.ntxuav hniav dawb.Peb tsom kom paub tseeb tias lub peev xwm ntawm Wongam, ib qho kev cog qoob loo tshiab ntawm licorice tsim los ntawm RuralDevelopment Administration (RDA), ua ibntxuav hniav dawbtus neeg sawv cev hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm bioactivity ntawm licorice los ntawm kev sib pivantioxidantthiabanti-melanogenicCov dej num ntawm licorice extract ua ntej thiab tom qab cua sov (130 ◦C). Lub tshav kub-kho licorice extract (WH-130) tau qhia ntau dua radical-scavenging kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub ABTS ntxiv (2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium ntsev) thiab DPPH (2,{11}}diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) kev soj ntsuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, WH -130 inhibited melanogenesis zoo dua vim qhov txo qis ntawm tyrosinase hauv B16F10 melanoma hlwb ntau dua li tsis muaj cua sov.licoricerho tawm. Ntxiv mus, kev kho cua sov tau nce tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic. Hauv particular, isoliquiritigenin, ibantioxidantthiabanti-melanogeniccompound ntawm licorice, tau tsim los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Hauv kev xaus, WH-130, nrog nce qib ntawm bioactive phenolicssuch li isoliquiritigenin, muaj peev xwm rau kev loj hlob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij tshiabntxuav hniav dawbcov khoom siv nrog kev siv hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Ntsiab lus: anti-melanogenickev ua si; Kev kho cua sov;licorice; murine melanoma hlwb (B16F10)

Cistanche yog ib qho antioxidant

1. Taw qhia

Licorice(Glycyrrhiza hom), ib tsob nroj muaj xyoob ntoo nrog kev siv tshuaj hauv tsev neeg Leguminosae, tau nthuav dav thoob plaws Central Asia, Tuam Tshoj, Russia, Manchuria, Mongolia thiab Europe [1]. Nws tau ntev tau siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev flavoring thiab sweetening. Driedroot thiab stolon ntawm licorice tau siv rau kev kho mob khaub thuas, hnoos, mob hawb pob, qaug zog thiab ua pa ib ntsuj av tau mob vim yog kev ua ub no ntawm licorice nrog rauantioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory thiab immunomodulatory kev ua ub no [2,3]. Lub genus Glycyrrhiza muaj txog 22 hom licorice, suav nrog G. uralensisFisch, G. glabra L. thiab G. inflata Batal.

Wongam, ib tug tshiab interspecific hybrid cultivar ntawm licorice, yog tsim los ntawm lub RuralDevelopment Administration raws li ib tug hybrid ntawm Glycyrrhiza glabra x G. uralensis (G. korshinskiGrig). Wongam muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab tiv thaiv kab mob zoo dua li G. uralensis. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm G. uralensis, qhov kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj lawm ntawm Wongam, ib hom kab mob tshiab, tsuas yog txwv rau nws cov kev ua xua, immunomodulatory thiab tiv thaiv kab mob [1,2]. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshawb xyuas qhov dav bioactivity ntawm Wongam.

Qhov tseem ceeb bioactive Cheebtsam nyob rau hauvlicoricehauv paus yog flavonoids thiab triterpene saponins, suav nrog liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin (ISL) thiab glycyrrhizin (los yog glycyrrhizicacid) [4,5]. ISL yog ib qho flavonoid pom nyob rau hauv licorice uas tau qhia ntau yam tshuaj ua haujlwm, suav nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv platelet, tiv thaiv tsis haum, tiv thaiv qog, tiv thaiv kab mob thiabantioxidantkev ua si [6–8]. ISL yog cov khoom siv hydrolysis los ntawm isoliquiritin hauv paus licorice. Nws caninhibit melanogenesis los ntawm kev degradation ntawm microphthalmia-associated transcriptionfactor (MITF) los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog ntxiv-txheej txheem protein kinase (ERK) txoj kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, MITF degradation inhibited kev qhia ntawm tyrosinase (TYR) thiab tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP-1 thiab TRP-2) noob hauv SK-MEL-2 hlwb [9,10].ISL tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev ua haujlwm mono- thiab diphenolase ntawm nceb TYR nrog rau themelanogenesis hauv melanocytes [11].

Melanin, ib tug loj pigment imparting daim tawv nqaij xim, yog synthesized nyob rau hauv epidermal melanocytes thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv intracellular organelles hu ua melanosomes [12]. Melanin pigments muaj ob hom: xim av lossis dub eumelanin thiab liab lossis daj pheomelanin [12]. Melanogenesis tuaj yeem raug ntxias los ntawm cov stimuli sab nraud, suav nrog ultraviolet (UV) hluav taws xob, cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) thiab cov tshuaj xws li -melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH) andisobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), uas nce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) qib. Melanin tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv cov stimuli, thaum nws overproduction ua rau cov tawv nqaij hyperpigmentation, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav [13-17]. Daim tawv nqaijntxuav hniav dawbCov neeg ua haujlwm xws li kojic acid, hydroquinone, arbutin thiab ascorbic acid, uas yog TYR inhibitors, tau siv los kho hyperpigmentation hauv ntau cov khoom kom zoo nkauj [13,18]. Melanogenesis yog tswj hwm los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev taw qhia, thiab cov cim qhia no txuas nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm MITF. Kev ua kom MITF txhawb kev nthuav qhia ntawm TYR thiab TRPs (TRP-1, TRP-2). Tom qab ntawd, TYR catalyzes oxidation ntawm L-tyrosine to3, 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA), uas yog tom qab oxidized rau hauv DOPAquinone. TRP{10}} hloov dopachrome rau 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) lossis 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). Thaum kawg, DHICA thiab DHI yog oxidized los ntawm TRP-1, ua rau inmelanogenesis [19].

Cov txheej txheem thermal cuam tshuam rau physicochemical thiab lom cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm. Lawv rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab tshem tawm covalent bonds, uas ua rau tso tawm ntawm cov khoom siv bioactive [20,21]. Thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob ntawm brewers siv grain rho tawm saum toj no 130 ◦Cincreases tag nrho phenolic cov ntsiab lus (TPC) thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid (TFC) qib, nrog sib txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv antioxidant kev ua ub no [16,20,21]. Cov cua kub ntawm citrus peels tuaj yeem ua rau torelease ntawm phenolic tebchaw thiab nceantioxidantkev ua si [17].

Peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom paub meej tias lub peev xwm ntawm Wongam raws li cov tawv nqaij ntujntxuav hniav dawbcov khoom siv hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb no tseem npaj los ua pov thawj tias kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab kev tiv thaiv melanogenic ntawmlicorice. Peb tshawb nrhiavantioxidantkev ua si, ua ke nrog TPC ntawm Wongam rho tawm.Anti-melanogenicCov teebmeem ntawm Wongam extracts tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm TYR inhibition kev ua haujlwm thiab cov ntsiab lus melanin inmelanoma hlwb.

Cistanche yog lub ntujtawv nqaijntxuav hniav dawb tshuaj ntsuab

2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

2.1. Kev npaj ua qauv

Cov qauv tau npaj raws li txoj kev qhia yav dhau los [22].Licorice(Wongam, Glycyrrhiza glabra x G. uralensis, txheeb xyuas los ntawm Yun Ji Lee los ntawm NIHHS, RDA thiab sau npe hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Herbarium nrog daim npav naj npawb MPS006326) tau cog thiab muab qoob loo ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Tshuaj Ntsuab (Eumsung, Chungcheong, Kaus Lim Qab Teb). ) hauv xyoo 2018, thiab ziab ntawm 60 ◦C rau 20 teev. 10 kglicoricentxuav thiab 1 kg yog av. Tom qab sib tov lawv, 3 cov qauv ntawm WC lossis WH tau txais, feem. Av licorice (5 g) tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub khob ntim nrog 1 mL ntawm cov dej distilled thiab kho nyob rau hauv ib qho autoclave (Jisico, Seoul, Kauslim) rau 1 h ntawm 130 ◦C (WH-130).Untreated tswj licorice (WC. , 5 g) thiab WH-130 raug cais tawm siv 70 feem pua ​​​​ethanol (piv txwv: hnyav, 1:50, v:v) rau 24 teev ntawm chav tsev kub (RT). Tom qab pom, cov extracts tau evaporated nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, khov-qhuav thiab khaws cia ntawm -80 ◦C. Tag nrho cov extracts tau solubilized hauv dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) thiab methanol (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA).

2.2. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Browning

Browning index ntawmlicoricecov extracts (WC thiab WH-130) tau sau tseg raws li lawv tus nqi absorbance ntawm 420 nm (A420) ntsuas siv microplate nyeem ntawv (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA). Qhov siab dua ntawm absorbance ntawm 420 nm sib haum mus rau qhov siab dua browningindex [23,24].

2.3. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus Phenolic (TPC)

Raws li ib txoj kev qhia yav dhau los [25], TPC tau ntsuas raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent raug txo mus rau xiav chromophore muaj xws li aphosphotungstic-phosphomolybdenum complex nyob ntawm alkaline tej yam kev mob thiab ntawm cov concentration ntawm phenolic tebchaw. Txhua tus qauv (10 µL) tau tov nrog 2 feem pua ​​​​sodiumcarbonate (200 µL) thiab tom qab ntawd Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent (10 µL). Qhov sib tov tau qhib rau 30 feeb ntawm RT. Tom qab ntawd, qhov nqus tau raug ntsuas ntawm 750 nm siv tus nyeem ntawv microplate (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA). TPC raug xam los ntawm tus qauv nkhaus ntawm gallic acid thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia raws li qhov sib npaug ntawm gallic acid, mg GAE g-1extract.

2.4. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Antioxidant Capacity

Cov kev ua si radical-scavenging tau ntsuas siv 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium ntsev (ABTS) raws li ib txoj kev piav qhia yav dhau los nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis [19, 26] ib. ABTS radical cation daws tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw 2.6 mM poov tshuaj persulfate thiab 7.4 mM ABTS thiab tso cai rau lawv hnov ​​​​mob rau 24 h atRT. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj ABTS tau diluted nrog dej distilled los kho absorbance rau thaj tsam ntawm 1.000–1.500. Tom ntej no, 20 µL ntawm tus qauv tau teb nrog 180 µL ntawm ABTS ntxiv rau cov tshuaj, tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb, thiab cov sib tov ntawm cov qauv thiab cov tshuaj yog incubated rau 30 min atRT. Kev nqus tau raug ntsuas los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv microplate (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA) ntawm 735 nm. Los ntawm Trolox tus qauv nkhaus, qhov sib npaug Troloxantioxidantmuaj peev xwm (TEAC) raug xam thiab qhia hauv mg ntawm trolox sib npaug (TE) ib g ntawm cov qauv qhuav.

2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical tov tau npaj los ntawm kev ua kom tiav 0.2 mM DPPH rau hauv 99 feem pua ​​​​ethanol. DPPH tov yog diluted nrog dej distilled rau anabsorbance ntawm 520 nm ntawm 1000-1500. Tom qab ntawd, 50 µL ntawm tus qauv yog tov nrog 200 µL ntawm DPPH tov thiab reacted rau 30 min ntawm RT. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov absorbance ntawm qhov sib tov tau txiav txim siab ntawm 520 nm. Los ntawm Trolox tus qauv nkhaus, TEAC tau xam thiab nthuav tawm hauv mg TE ib g ntawm cov qauv qhuav.

2.5. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Kev Ntsuam Xyuas

Ib txoj kev hloov HPLC tau siv [22]. ISL cov ntsiab lus ntawmlicoriceCov extracts raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm HPLC nrog lub ntsuas UV-pom pom (HPLC: 1200 series, Agilent Technologies,Santa Clara, CA, USA; kem: SynergiTM, 250 × 4.6 mm, 4 µm, Fusion-RP 8{{40}} Å, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). Cov theem mobile muaj cov kuab tshuaj A (0.1 feem pua ​​formic acidin dej) thiab hnyav B ({47}}.1 feem pua ​​formic acid hauv acetonitrile). Qhov kev pab cuam gradient rau theem mobile tau ua raws li gradient hauv qab no: 0–8 min (20–20 feem pua ​​B), 8–30 min (20–38 feem pua ​​B), 30–42 min (38–50 feem pua B), 42–47 min (50–90 feem pua ​​B), 47–53 min (90–90 feem pua ​​B), 53–54 min (90–20 feem pua ​​B) thiab 54–60 min (20–20 feem pua ​​B) . Tus nqi ntws, kev tshawb pom wavelength thiab txhaj tshuaj ntim tau teem rau 1.0 mL / min, 360 nm thiab 10 µL, feem. Cov txheej txheem ISL tau txheeb xyuas nrog plaub qhov sib txawv (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg / mL). Lub calibrationcurve (y=ax plus b) tau siv los txiav txim cov ntsiab lus ntawm ISL. Nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug regression, x hais txog qhov concentration ntawm ISL (mg mL−1) thiab y txhais tau tias qhov chaw siab tshaj.

2.6. Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity Assay

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas TYR inhibitory kev ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm TYR inhibitor kuaj cov khoom (BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA). Txhua qhov extract (WC thiab WH{0}}) tau yaj hauv DMSO mus rau qhov kawg ntawm 250 µg / mL. Kojic acid, siv los tswj qhov zoo, kuj tau diluted rau 250 µg / mL hauv DMSO. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, 20 µL ntawm extract los yog kojic acid tau ua ke nrog 50 µL ntawm TYR enzyme tov. Tom qab incubation ntawm RT rau 10 min, 30 µL ntawm TYR substratesolution tau ntxiv rau txhua qhov dej. Qhov kawg concentration ntawm cov extracts thiab kojic acid yog 50 µg / mL. Tom qab ntawd qhov pom qhov ntom ntom ntawm qhov dej tau ntsuas ntawm 510 nm hauv kinetic hom rau 1 h nrog tus nyeem ntawv microplate (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA).

cistanche hmoov: anti-oxidation

2.7. Cell Culture

Murine melanoma B16F10 hlwb tau txais los ntawm American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). B16F10 hlwb raug coj mus rau hauv Dulbecco's modifiedEagle's nruab nrab (DMEM) ntxiv nrog 10 feem pua ​​​​fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 units/mLof penicillin thiab 100 µg/mL ntawm streptomycin (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) nyob rau hauv ib tug humidified. feem pua ​​CO2 ntawm 37 ◦C.

2.8. Cell Viability Assay

Lub cytotoxicity ntawmlicoriceextracts (WC thiab WH-130) rau B16F10 hlwb tau txiav txim siab siv MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-}yl)-2,{{8 }}diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay.B16F10 hlwb raug coj los ntawm 4 × 103cells/zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug 96-zoo phaj rau 24 teev. Tom qab ntawd, cov extracts tau ntxiv rau cov hlwb ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 50, 100 thiab 200 µg / mL thiab incubatedat 37 ◦C rau 48 h. Tom qab ntawd, MTT tov tau ntxiv rau txhua qhov dej (500 µg / mL) thiab cov phaj tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub rau 1 teev ntawm 37 ◦C. Qhov nruab nrab hauv txhua qhov dej tau muab pov tseg thiab 100 µL ntawm DMSO tau ntxiv. Tom qab co rau 30 feeb, qhov nqus tau ntsuas ntawm 540 nm nrog tus nyeem ntawv microplate. Tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate.

2.9. Kev ntsuas ntawm Cellular Melanin Cov ntsiab lus

Intracellular melanin cov ntsiab lus tau ntsuas siv qhov hloov kho me ntsis ntawm txoj kev piav qhia yav dhau los [27]. B16F10 melanoma hlwb tau cog rau hauv 6-zoo platesat qhov ceev ntawm 8 × 104cells/zoo thiab incubated rau 24 teev. Cov hlwb raug xa mus rau cov extracts (WC thiab WH-130, 100 µg/mL), kojic acid (100 µg/mL) lossis ISL (10 µM, Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA, United States) rau 48 teev hauv muaj 100 µM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Tom qab kev kho mob, cov hlwb raug ntxuav nrog Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) thiab yaj hauv 200 µL ntawm 1 N NaOH rau 2 h ntawm 90 ◦C. Qhov nqus ntawm 405 nm tau ntsuas los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv microplate.

2.10. Cellular Tyrosinase Activity Assay

Intracellular TYR kev ua haujlwm tau ntsuas los ntawm kev hloov kho me ntsis ntawm txoj kev piav qhia yav dhau los [27]. B16F10 melanoma hlwb (8 × 104cells / zoo) tau kho nrog cov extracts (100 µg / mL) los yog kojic acid (100 µg / mL) nyob rau hauv muaj 100 µM IBMXfor 48 h, sau thiab ntxuav nrog DPBS. Cov qauv protein tau lysed hauv 1 feem pua ​​TrionX-100 (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA) nrog sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) thiab tom qab ntawd centrifuged ntawm 15, 000 rpm rau 10 min. Cov feem supernatant tau sau thiab cov protein concentration tau txiav txim siab siv cov khoom siv tshuaj bicinchoninic acid (BCA) (Waltham, MA, USA). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw uas muaj 30 µg ntawm cov protein (hloov mus rau 100 µL nrog 1 feem pua ​​Trion X-100) thiab 100 µL ntawm 10 mM L-DOPA tau ntxiv rau txhua qhov dej ntawm 96-wellplate. Tom qab incubation ntawm 37 ◦C rau 1 h, dopachrome tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov nqus ntawm 490 nm siv lub microplate nyeem ntawv. Kev ua TYR tau suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:

Tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm (%)=(OD405 ntawm tus qauv / OD405 ntawm kev tswj) × 100

2.11. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Cov mRNA qhia theem ntawm melanogenesis ntsig txog cov noob suav nrog MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP-2 tau txiav txim siab siv qhov hloov kho RT-PCR kuaj [28]. Luv luv, B16F10cells tau muab noob rau hauv 6-cov phiaj zoo ntawm qhov ntom ntawm 8 × 104cells rau ib qhov dej thiab kab lis kev cai rau 24 teev. Tom qab ntawd, cov hlwb raug kho nrog cov extracts (100 µg / mL), kojic acid (100 µg / mL) lossis ISL (10 µM) rau 48 teev. Tag nrho RNA raug cais tawm ntawm cov hlwb siv TRIzol reagent (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) thiab tom qab ntawd cov concentration ntawm RNA tau suav nrog siv microplatereader. Tom qab kev npaj ntawm cDNA (2 µg) siv Reverse Transcriptase Premix Kit (ElpisBiotech, Daejeon, Kauslim) raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov txheej txheem, PCR lub sijhawm tiag tiag tau ua tiav siv MITF, TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2 thiab -actin primers (Table 1, Bioneer, Daejeon, Kauslim) nrog SYBR Green cov khoom siv (ProGEN, Heidelberg, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) hauv CFX96 Real Time PCRinstrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau normalized rau qib ntawm -actinmRNA raws li kev siv tsev tu noob.

2.12. Kev npaj ntawm Cell Lysates thiab Western Blot Analysis

B16F10 cov noob tau cog rau hauv 6- cov phiaj zoo ntawm qhov ntom ntawm 8 × 104cells rau ib qhov dej, incubated rau 24 h thiab ces raug rho tawm (100 µg/mL), kojic acid (100 µg/mL ) los yog ISL (10 µM) rau 48 h. Tom qab ntxuav nrog DPBS, cov hlwb raug sau thiab lysed hauv Triton X-100buffer (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA) uas muaj 1 feem pua ​​​​protease thiab phosphataseinhibitor cocktail. Cov protein ntau ntawm tag nrho cov cell lysates tau ntsuas siv aBCA assay kit (Waltham, MA, USA). Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov protein (20 µg) raug thauj mus rau 10 feem pua ​​​​sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, uas tau khiav rau 4 h ntawm 70 V. Tom qab ntawd, cov protein tau hloov mus rau polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) daim nyias nyias. Lub membrane tau ntxuav peb zaug nrog Tris-buffered saline [50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl] muaj 0.1 feem pua ​​Tween 20 (TBST) thiab thaiv nrog 2 feem pua ​​​​bovine serum albumin (GenDEPOT) rau 1 h. Tom ntej no, cov membranes tau incubated thaum hmo ntuj ntawm 4 ◦C nrog thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (dilution 1:1000) rau 4 h ntawm chav tsev kub. MITF, TYR, TRP-1, TPR-2 thiab -actinwere kuaj pom nrog luav polyclonal anti-MITF antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK); goatpolyclonal anti-TYR antibody (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA); thiab nas monoclonal antiTRP-1, anti-TRP-2 thiab anti- -actin antibodies (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA), feem. Tom qab ntawd, cov membranes tau ntxuav ob peb zaug nrog TBST thiab incubated withsecondary antibodies (dilution 1:2000) rau 1 h, uas yog luav anti-nas IgG, nas antigoat IgG thiab tshis anti-nas IgG (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA), ua raws li ob peb ntxuav nrog TBST. Lub hom phiaj cov protein tau kuaj pom siv cov tshuaj kho kom zoo chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) nrog ChemiDoc Imaging System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Protein band quantification yog ua los ntawm ImageJ software (version 1.52a rau Windows; NIH, Rockville, MD, USA) [28].

2.13. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau txheeb xyuas siv Microsoft Excel 2016 thiab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau nthuav tawm raws li qhov nruab nrab ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD) ntawm peb qhov kev ntsuas ywj pheej. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ob-tus qauv t-test tau siv los ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tswj thiab cov qauv.One-txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) thiab Duncan xeem tau ua siv Rsoftware (Version 3.6.3) los txiav txim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev sib piv ntawm qib p < 0="" 05="" (*),="" p="">< 0.01="" (**)="" thiab="" p="">< 0.001="" (***).="" kev="" txheeb="" xyuas="" kev="" sib="" txheeb="" tau="" ua="" tiav="" siv="" prism5.02="" (graphpad="" software,="" san="" diego,="" ca,="">

3. Cov txiaj ntsig

3.1. Browning Index ntawm Licorice Extract

Lub degree ntawm browning ntawmlicoriceextracts yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1a. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau lees paub tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho cua sov (WH-130, 0.965 ± 0.025 AU [absorbance units]) muaj qhov ntsuas kub ntau dua li qhov tsis muaj cua sov. rho tawm (WC, 0.758 ± 0.005 AU). Peb cia siab tias cov txheej txheem thermal ua rau muaj kev tsim melanoidin hauv WH-130 thiab tias qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem txuas rau ntau yam haujlwm lom neeg.

3.2. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus Phenolic (TPC) ntawm Licorice Extracts

Daim duab 1b qhia TPC ntawmlicoricerho tawm. Peb pom qhov sib txawv ntawm TPC ntawm WC thiab WH{{0}}, raws li WC muaj TPC ntawm 12.093 ± 0.061 mg GAE/g extract, thaum WH-130 muaj ib TPC ntawm 14.098 ± 0.781 mg GAE / g extract. Kev kho cua sov nce TPC ntawm licoriceextracts.

3.3. Radical-Scavenging Activity ntawm Licorice Extracts

Covantioxidantkev ua ntawmlicoricerho tawm tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 1c,d. Lub ABTS ntxiv rau radical-scavenging muaj peev xwm ntau dua rau WH-130 extract (6.086 ± 0.304 mg TEAC/gextract) dua WC extract (3.542 ± 0.093 mg TEAC/g extract). Hauv kev soj ntsuam DPPH, tau pom muaj qhov sib xws. WH-130 (7.442 ± 0.292 mg TEAC/g extract) qhia pom ntau dua DPPH radical-scavenging kev ua si tshaj WC extract (4.033 ± 0.160 mg TEAC/gextract). Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias cua sov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm cov extracts.

3.4. Isoliquiritigenin Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Licorice Extracts

Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias ISL cov ntsiab lus ntawm WC tau nce ntxiv tom qab kev kho cua sov (Table 2, Daim duab 2), qhia tias kev ua haujlwm thermal tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov no.antioxidantthiabanti-melanogeniccompound.

cistanche tubolosa

3.5. Cell Viability

Raws li pom hauv daim duab 3,licoriceCov tshuaj rho tawm tsis cuam tshuam rau cell viability ntawm 50 lossis 100 µg / mL txheeb ze rau IBMX-kho tswj. Hauv 50 thiab 100 µg / mL kev kho mob ntawm tag nrho cov extracts, cell viability tseem ntau dua 100 feem pua. Yog li, kev sim ntxiv tau ua tiav siv licorice extract ntau txog 100 µg / mL.

3.6. Cov teebmeem ntawm Licorice Extracts ntawm Melanin Production hauv B16F10 Melanoma Cells

Cov pigmentation thiab melanin cov ntsiab lus ntawm B16F10 hlwb tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 4a,b.Melanin cov ntsiab lus ntawm B16F10 hlwb nce mus txog 3.4-fold nrog IBMX kev kho mob ntsig txog kev tswj tsis tau. WC thiab WH-130 pom tau tias txo qis pigmentation thiab melanin cov ntsiab lus piv rau IBMX-kho pab pawg (Daim duab 4a,b). Ob leeg WC thiab WH{{10}} tau nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus melanin qis dua li KA-kho cov hlwb. Cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm melanin synthesis hauv B16F10 hlwb kho nrog WH{14}} yog ntau dua WC. Tus nqi melanin tam sim no tom qab kho nrog 100 µg/mL WC thiab WH-130 raug txo kom kwv yees li 0.59-fold thiab 0.51-fold, feem, ntawm qib hauv IBMX-kho group.ISL (10 µM) thiab KA (100 µg/mL) suppressed melanin ntau lawm rau 0.59-fold thiab 0.67-fold, raws li theem ntawm IBMX-kho hlwb.

Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias muaj cua sov kholicoriceextract (WH-130) tuaj yeem inhibit melanin ntau lawm zoo dua li cov uas tsis yog-kua extract (WC). Ntxiv mus, peb tau pom tias kev kho mob nrog WH-130 extract ntawm 25, 50 thiab 100 µg/mL (Daim duab 4c) ua rau muaj qhov concentration-dependent ntawm melanin cov ntsiab lus ntawm B16F10 melanoma hlwb. Ua ke, cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias cov cua sov tau zoo dua qubanti-melanogenicKev ua haujlwm ntawm licorice extract.

3.7. Cov teebmeem ntawm Licorice Extracts ntawm Tyrosinase Kev Ua Haujlwm

3.7.1 ib. Mushroom Tyrosinase Activity

Cov nyhuv ntawmlicoricerho tawm ntawm nceb TYR kev ua yog qhia hauv daim duab 5a. Peb tau lees paub tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom rho tawm (WC thiab WH-130) ntawm oxidation ntawm substratesby nceb TYR tau tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj cell. Ntawm 50 µg / mL, WC extract inhibitedenzyme kev ua haujlwm rau 81.33 feem pua, thaum WH-130 suppressed TYR kev ua rau 65.95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm EClevel. Lub caij no, kojic acid (KA), TYR inhibitor, ua rau inhibition ntawm enzyme kev ua rau 47.09 feem pua ​​​​ntawm qib EC. Qhov inhibition ntawm TYR kev ua haujlwm tau ntau dua hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob thaum tshav kub kub (WH-130) ntau dua li cov licorice (WC).

3.7.2 ib. Cellular Tyrosinase Kev Ua Haujlwm

Raws li pom hauv daim duab 5b, TYR kev ua haujlwm ntawm IBMX-kho cov hlwb tau nce mus rau 233 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kev tswj tsis tau kho (100 feem pua). WC txo qis TYR kev ua haujlwm rau 82.17 feem pua ​​​​piv nrog IBMX-kho pab pawg. WH-130 extract inhibited cellular TYR kev ua rau 59.88 feem pua ​​piv nrog IBMX-kho cov hlwb. KA txo cov cellular TYR kev ua haujlwm rau 74.07 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov qib hauv IBMX-kho hlwb. Ua ke, cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias licorice extracts (WC thiab WH-130) cuam tshuam TYR kev ua thiab WH-130 muaj zog TYR inhibitory ntau dua li WC thiab KA.

Tom ntej no, peb tshawb xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm TPC, ISL cov ntsiab lus,antioxidantkev ua haujlwm thiab kev tiv thaiv melanogenic (Table 3). TPC tau sib raug zoo nrog ISL cov ntsiab lus (0.827), nrog rau ABTS ntxiv thiab DPPH radical-scavenging cov dej num (0.886 thiab 0.896, raws li), whereas TPC tau inversely correlated nrog melanin cov ntsiab lus (–{9}}.859). Cov ntsiab lus ISL tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo nrog ABTS ntxiv thiab DPPH radical-scavenging cov dej num (0.977 thiab 0.985, raws li), hos ISL cov ntsiab lus tau inversely correlated nrog TYRactivity (–0. 834) thiab cov ntsiab lus melanin (–{18}}.995). Antioxidant kev ua ub no (ABTS ntxiv thiab DPPH) tau inversely correlated nrog TYR kev ua (–{{20}}.879 thiab –{24}}.856, feem) thiab melanincontent (–{26}}. 974 and – 0.984 ib.). Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias phenolic compounds xws li ISL hauv licorice yog ze rau cov antioxidant thiabanti-melanogenicKev ua haujlwm ntawm licorice extracts.

3.8. Cov teebmeem ntawm Licorice Extracts ntawm mRNA Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Melanogenesis-Related Genes

Peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov kev qhia ntawm melanogenesis ntsig txog cov noob nyob rau hauv B16F10 hlwb kom paub meej cov teebmeem ntawm licorice rho tawm ntawm melanogenesis. Ob leeg WC thiab WH-130 txwv tsis pub mRNA qhia ntawm MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP-2 (Daim duab 6). WC inhibited mRNA qhia ntawm MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP-2 mus rau qib 0.{{10}}fold, 0. {12}}fold, 0.71-fold thiab 0.65-fold, ntsig txog, ntawm cov hauv IBMX-kho cov hlwb. WH-130 inhibited mRNA qhia ntawm MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP{{20}} rau 0.43-fold, {{33 }}. WH{{30}} extract muaj zog inhibitory nyhuv ntawm mRNA qhia tshaj WC extract. ISL tseem txwv tsis pub cov kev qhia ntawm MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP-2 (0.42-fold, 0.59-fold, 0.68-fold thiab 0. Hauv WH-130- pab pawg kho mob, qhov txo qis ntawm mRNA kev qhia ntawm cov noob caj noob ces muaj feem ntau dua li hauv pawg WC kho, qhia tiaslicoriceextracts inhibit melanogenesis los ntawm kev tsub zuj zuj ntawm transcription ntawm melanogenesis ntsig txog noob thiab hais tias kev kho cua sov txhim kho lubanti-melanogenicKev ua haujlwm ntawm licorice extract.

3.9. Cov teebmeem ntawm Licorice Extracts ntawm Protein Expression of Melanogenesis-Related Genes

Raws li pom hauv daim duab 7b, kev kho mob nrog WC thiab WH-130 txo qis cov protein qhia qib ntawm MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP-2. Kev nthuav qhia theem ntawm MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP-2 tau raug tshem tawm hauv hlwb kho nrog WC (0.79-fold, 0.{{9 }}fold, {{10}}. WH-130 pom tau tias txo qis protein qhia qib ntawm MITF, TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP-2 ({{20}}}.74-fold, {{24 }}. . ISL txo qis cov protein qhia theem ntawm MITF, TYR thiab TRP-2 (0.76-fold, 0.83-fold thiab 0.41-fold, ntsig txog, txheeb ze rauIBMX-kho hlwb). WH-130 suppressed cov protein qhia ntawm melanogenesis-relatedgenes ntau zog tshaj WC, qhia tiaslicoriceextracts inhibit melanogenesis viasuppression ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm melanogenesis ntsig txog cov noob thiab qhov kev kho cua sov ua kom zoo dua qub.anti-melanogenicKev ua haujlwm ntawm licorice extract.

daim tawv nqaij whitening cistanche hmoov

4. Kev sib tham

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no qhia tau tias kev kho cua sov ntawmlicoricecuam ​​tshuam TPC, kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, thiabanti-melanogenickev ua si. WH-130 muaj qhov ntsuas kub siab dua thiab TPC qhov tseem ceeb tshaj WC. Kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog qhov kub thiab txias, cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov qauv. [29]. Cov cua sov tuaj yeem txhawb nqa Maillard cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas txuas rau melanoidin ntau lawm [23]. Melanoidins muaj qee yam teebmeem lom, suav nrogantioxidant, antitumor, thiab antihypertensive kev ua ub no, nrog rau cov ntshav qab zib hloov pauv [30]. Cov tebchaw no yog polymeric xim av-xim macromolecules tsim los ntawm Maillard cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov suab thaj thiab cov amino acids ntawm qhov kub siab [21]. Yog li, ntau melanoidins nyob rau hauv rhuab extract, qhov siab dua qhov browning index. Cov xim ntawm cov tsis-kua licorice extract (WC) pom lub teeb xim av, tab sis cov xim yog maj mam tsaus nrog kub (130 degree). Cov txheej txheem cua sov kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv tshuaj phenolic thiab ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag tawg, tso cov phenolics, ua rau cov haujlwm antioxidant [31]. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm licorice rho tawm tuaj yeem nce nrog kev kho cua sov [21]. Cov ntaub ntawv dhau los tau qhia tias kev kho cua sov ntawm zib mu nce melanoidin tsim, thiab qib ntawm browning coincided nrog kev nce hauv antioxidant kev ua [24]. Yog li ntawd, WH-130 tau pom muaj peev xwm antioxidant ntau dua WC hauv ABTS ntxiv thiab DPPH radical-scavenging assays, uas tau siv dav los txiav txim siab txog cov kev ua ub no ntawm cov qauv raws li lub peev xwm hloov hluav taws xob lossis hydrogen atoms [32].

Qhov feem ntau naturalantioxidantthiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv melanogenic yog phenolics. Tricin thiab 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid tau txheeb xyuas tias yog lub ntsiab phenolic hauv Sorghum bicolor. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tau pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv melanogenic los ntawm inhibition ntawm tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm [19]. Tsis tas li ntawd, p-coumaric acid, anactive compound ntawm Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai, tau raug pov thawj tias cov compound no muaj zog tyrosinase kev ua si thiab txo melanin ntau lawm hauv melanoma hlwb [27]. Raws li kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, ISL, lub npe hu ua flavonoid compound nyob rau hauv hydrolysis khoom ntawm licorice paus [6-8], nthuav tawm antioxidant thiab anti-melanogenic kev ua ub no los ntawm inhibition ntawm TYR kev ua, melanosome thauj thiab induction ntawm melanin degradation [10,31] .Yog li, peb tau tsom mus rau ISL cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov extracts thiab ISL qhov kev ua hauv melanogenesis-relatedmechanisms. ISL yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev kho mob rau ntau yam kab mob vim nws cov haujlwm ntau yam, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, hepatoprotective thiab cardioprotective teebmeem [33]. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov ntsiab lus ISL siab dua tau ntsuas hauv WH-130 dua li hauv WC. Cov tawv nqaij hyperpigmentation yog txuam nrog oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Dawb radical scavengers tau tshaj tawm los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam hyperpigmentation [17,34]. Ua ke, cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias kev kho cua sov ntawm licorice tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov haujlwm radical-scavenging thiabanti-melanogenicKev ua ub no los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidant phenolic xws li ISL. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los, muaj glabrene, glabridin, glabrol, liquiritigenin hauv licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra), nthuav tawm tyrosinase inhibition. Yog li, cov tebchaw no kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv melanogenic [10,11,15,35]. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb los qhia txog kev tiv thaiv melanogenic cuam tshuam ntawm licorice.

Melanin synthesis yog tswj los ntawm TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2 (dopachrome tautomerase) thiab MITF (Daim duab 8). TYR, tooj liab-muaj glycoprotein, ua raws li tus nqi-limitingenzyme thiab plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim melanin. TYR catalyzes hydroxylation ntawm tyrosine rau 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). TYR kuj catalyzes oxidation ntawm DOPA rau dopaquinone thiab hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm dopaquinone rau dopachrome. Tom qab ntawd, dopachrome hloov mus rau dihydro-indolizine (DHI) lossis indole 5, 6-quinone-2-carboxylicacid (DHICA) [36–38]. Hauv txoj kev no, TRP-2 catalyzes hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm dopachrome rauDHICA, uas yog oxidized los ntawm TRP-1 los ua eumelanin. MITF yog ib qho kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv melanogenesis raws li tus tswj hwm loj ntawm TYR, TRP-1 thiab TRP{16}} qhia (Daim duab 8) [28,37]. Cov tshuaj inducer ntawm melanogenesis yog 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), uas nce TYR kev ua los ntawm txoj kev cAMPsignaling [13]. IBMX nce qhov intracellular cAMP concentration los ntawm inhibitingcAMP phosphodiesterase. Qhov nce hauv qib cAMP ua rau cov protein kinase A (PKA) thiab ua kom PKA txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev qhia ntawm cAMP ntsig txog kev sib txuas protein (CREB) [39]. CREB khi rau MITF txhawb nqa, ua rau muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm MITF geneexpression. Kev ua kom MITF txhawb kev qhia ntawm TYR thiab TRPs [13,19]. Yog li ntawd, downregulation ntawm MITF ua rau hypopigmentation.

Heated licorice extract (WH-130) inhibited nceb TYR thiab cellular TYR kev ua tau zoo dua li cov tsis-kua licorice extract (WC). Qhov inhibition ntawm cellular TYRactivity nyob rau hauv licorice extracts tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm downregulation ntawm TYR. Cov txiaj ntsig no txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus melanin ntawm B16F10 melanoma hlwb. Hauv B16F10 hlwb, WH-130 kev kho mob cuam tshuam IBMX-induced melanin ntau lawm zoo dua li kev kho WC. Ntxiv mus, WH 130 downregulated transcription and translation of melanogenesis-related markers (MITF, TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2) nyob rau hauv B16F10 hlwb kom ntau dua li WC. Cov cim no tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke rau tag nrhoanti-melanogenickev ua si [40].

Cov cua sov ntawmlicoriceextract tau nce qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm antioxidant phenolic tebchaw xws li ISL, thiab qhov kev nce no tau txuas mus ntxivantioxidantKev ua ub no (ABTS ntxiv thiab DPPH). Thaum tshav kub kub licorice extract (WH-130) kuj pom muaj zog inhibitory kev ua ntawm TYR thiab txo melanin synthesis. Muaj ib qho kev hloov tshiab hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ntuj tsim vim muaj peev xwm rau kev nyab xeeb. Licorice tau siv nyob rau hauv cosmetic cream rau hyperpigmentation [41]. Peb tau pom lub peev xwm ntawm Wongam ua tus tshiabtawv nqaij dawbtus neeg sawv cev rau kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshawb xyuas tias kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub peev xwm.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer (licorice) muaj antioxidant thiab UV photoprotective kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv tib neeg dermal fibroblasts [22]. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev sib piv ntawm Wongam (licorice) thiab lwm hom tsiaj yuav tsum tau ua tom qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm cov khoom tsis pom zoo, xws li glabrene, glabridin, ntawm Wongam cuam tshuam nrog nws cov nyhuv anti-melanogenic yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshawb xyuas cov kev sib koom ua ke lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm cov phenolic compounds tom qab kev tsom xam ntawm cov khoom hauv licorice extract [40]. Mus xyuas seb cov tshuaj no ua li cas rauantioxidantthiab anti-melanogenic mechanisms, hydrogen atom hloov los yog singleelectron hloov tshuab thiab mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling txoj kev yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam [32,37].

5. Cov lus xaus

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tshawb xyuas lub peev xwm ntawm extracts ntawm Wongam, ib tug tshiab cultivar ntawmlicorice,ua antxuav hniav dawbTus neeg sawv cev rau daim ntawv thov hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm lawv cov bioactivity. Wongam extracts (WC thiab WH-130) tau pom cov radical-scavengingactivities siab thiab inhibited melanin synthesis hauv IBMX-induced melanocytes los ntawm suppressing cov kev ua ntawm TYR. Kev kho cua sov tau nce ntxivantioxidantthiab anti-melanogenic kev ua ub no ntawm Wongam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, WH-130 tau pom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant zoo tshaj thiabanti-melanogenickev ua si tshaj WC. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias kev kho cua sov Wongam extract (WH-130) yog apotent pigment-txo tus neeg saib xyuas nrog rau cov ntawv thov hauv ntau yam kab mob dermatologic hyperpigmentation, nrog rau cov pob liab liab, freckles thiab melasma, thiab qhia tias cov txheej txheem thermal tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho cov kab mob. anti-melanogenic kev ua haujlwm ntawm licorice.

cistanche tubolosa cov txiaj ntsig: tawv nqaij dawb