Anti-fatigue Activity Ntawm Gardenia Yellow Pigment Thiab Cistanche Phenylethanol Glycosides Mixture hauv Hypoxia

Hu rau:joanna.jia@wecistanche.com/ WhatsApp: 008618081934791

Maoxing Li a,b,c,d,*, Xiuyu Tian a,b,c, Xiaolin Li b,c, Ting Mao a,b,c, Tianlong Liu b,c

TSAB NTAWV

Lub toj siab, uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thaj chaw ib puag ncig, tsim cov huab cua hnyav heev. Piv nrog rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub tiaj, lub peev xwm kis las ntawm cov neeg nyob rau toj siab yog txo qis. Cov neeg uas nkag mus rau hauv toj siab los ntawm cov tiaj tiaj rau lub sijhawm luv luv yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov metabolism, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, bradykinesia thiab txo qis hauv kev tawm dag zog tag nrho, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm dag zog.qaug zog. Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas cov haujlwm tiv thaiv kev qaug zog ntawm gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanoid glycosidessib tov nyob rau hauv hypoxia, peb ua anti-hypoxia, normoxiativ thaiv qaug zog,thiab hypoxiativ thaiv qaug zogkev sim. Gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanoid glycosidesKev sib xyaw ua ke muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hypoxia zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev qaug zog hauv qab hypoxia, uas tuaj yeem ua kom ntev lub sijhawm tiv thaiv anoxia ntawm cov nas, thiab ua kom ntev lub sijhawm ua luam dej ntawm cov nas nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej normoxic thiab hypoxic. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev txo qis cov piam thaj tsis zoo, nce lub zog cia, txhim kho dawb radical scavenging muaj peev xwm, nce kev cuam tshuam cov enzymes metabolic, txo apoptosis, thiab inhibiting infiltration ntawm inflammatory cells. Gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanoid glycosidessib tov yog ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo dua hypoxic ceqaug zog.

Cistanche reddit txog los txo kev qaug zog

Taw qhia

Qinghai-Tibet toj siab thiab Pamirs hu ua "ru tsev ntawm lub ntiaj teb", nrog rau qhov nruab nrab qhov siab tshaj 4000 m. Nws suav rau ntau dua 25 feem pua ​​​​ntawm Tuam Tshoj tag nrho thaj chaw. Lub toj siab, uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thaj chaw ib puag ncig, tsim cov huab cua hnyav heev. Piv nrog rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov tiaj tiaj, qhov kev muaj peev xwm kis las ntawm cov neeg ntawm toj siab yog qhov txo qis. Cov neeg uas nkag mus rau hauv toj siab los ntawm cov tiaj tiaj rau lub sijhawm luv luv yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov metabolism, kev tsim khoom poob, bradykinesia, thiab kev txo qis hauv tag nrho cov kev tawm dag zog, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm dag zog.qaug zog. Thiab lub sij hawm ntev raug rau qhov ib puag ncig anoxic tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv pathophysiological hauv lub paj hlwb, ua pa, thiab cov hlab ntshav (Du et al., 2016; Finsterer, 2016; Lee, Kim, Han, Kim, & Son. , 2015; Ma et al., 2011). Kev ua kis lasqaug zoghais txog lub cev lub peev xwm poob qis tom qab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev tawm dag zog. Kev qaug zog yog cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom lag luam metabolic, kev siv lub zog thiab cov khoom siv, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov dawb radicals, thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv (Y. Chen li al., 2016).

Cistanche deserticola, qhuav scaly fleshy qia nplooj ntawm Cistanche deserticola YC Ma, tuaj yeem so lub plab thiab tiv thaiv kev laus (Cao, Zhao, & Wu, 2004). Nws yog ib qho tshuaj ntsuab muaj nuj nqis uas feem ntau loj hlob hauv thaj chaw qhuav qhuav. Phenylethanoid glycosides yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawmCistanche deserticolathiab muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txhim kho kev nco, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab impotence curing teebmeem (Wei & Yingni, 2013; Xue, Yan, & Yang, 2016; Zhou et al., 2016 ). Gardenia, qhuav thiab paub tab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no, nrog rau lub zais zis thiab lub siab tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv inflammatory, thiab analgesic kev ua ub no, antibiosis, antitumor kev ua si, thiab ntshav qab zib thiab ntshav lipid kev ua ub no (J.-F. Chen et al., 2012; Kang, Jin, Oh, & Kim, 2017; Xiangle et al., 2011). Crocin, muaj zog antioxidant feem ntau tau los ntawm saffron, kuj qhia tau hais tias muaj cov ntsiab lus siab hauv gardenia daj xim (Liu, Chen, Li, & Zhang, 2012; Soeda li al., 2007). Gardenia yellow pigment muaj peev xwm dyeing zoo rau cov protein, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem siv dav hauv ntau yam khoom noj, xws li ncuav mog qab zib, khoom qab zib, hmoov, dej haus, jellies, biscuits, thiab ice cream.

Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tsuas yog tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob yam ntawm kev simulated high-altitude ceqaug zognyob rau hauv nas nyob rau hauv hypoxia. Los ntawm kev kawm ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm gardenia daj pigment thiabCistanchephenylethanol glycosides, peb tau soj ntsuam qhov ua tau ntawm kev tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus nrog kev tiv thaiv hypoxia thiabtiv thaiv qaug zogteebmeem.

2. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv

2.1. Tsiaj

Tag nrho cov nas BALB/c (20 ± 2 g) thiab Wister nas (200 ± 20 g) siv rau hauv qhov kev sim no yog cov tsiaj SPF thiab tau muab los ntawm Lub Chaw Rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsiaj. Cov nas thiab nas tau khaws cia ntawm 22 ± 2 ◦C. Qhov kev sim tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tsiaj Saib Xyuas Tsiaj Txhu ntawm 940th Tsev Kho Mob ntawm Joint Logistic Support Force ntawm PLA (Lanzhou, Suav).

2.2. Tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab reagents

Gardenia daj xim tau yuav los ntawm Lubao Biological Technology (Qianjiang, Suav). CovCistanchephenylethanol glycosides npaj tau yuav los ntawm Tairen Biological Technology (Changchun, Suav). The BCA protein assay kit, Coomassie brilliant blue protein assay kit, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) assay kit, Creatine Kinase (CRE) assay kit, Uric Acid (UA) assay kit, Pyruvate (PA) assay kit, Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, Lactic Acid (LD) cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam, Cov khoom siv txo qis Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) assay kit, Total Superoxide Dismutase (T-SOD) assay kit, Catalase ( CAT) assay kit, Nitric Oxide (NO) assay kit, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) assay kit, Malonaldehyde (MDA) assay kit, ATP assay kit, thiab daim siab/muscle glycogen assay kit tau yuav los ntawm Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute) Tuam Tshoj). PMSF thiab RIPA tau yuav los ntawm Beyotime Biotechnology Research Institute. Lub 10 × PBS, 4 feem pua ​​paraformaldehyde, 4 × protein qauv tsis, Glycine, SDS, TRIS, SDS-PAGE gel npaj cov khoom, 10 × TBST, tsis muaj rog hmoov, thiab ECL Plus hypersensitivity reagent tau muas los ntawm Beijing Solarbio Technology ( Beijing, Suav). Ib tug prestained protein ntaiv tau yuav los ntawm Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA). Nas Anti- -actin, horseradish peroxidase-labeled Tshis los tiv thaiv nas, thiab horseradish peroxidase-labeled tshis tiv thaiv kab mob luav tau muas los ntawm Golden Choj Biotechnology. Ib qho caspase{13}} polyclonal antibody tau yuav los ntawm Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-Bax antibody, Anti-Bcl{16}} antibody, Anti-AMPK alpha1 ntxiv rau AMPK alpha2 antibody thiab Anti-Nox2/gp91phox antibody tau muas los ntawm Abcam (United Kingdom). Immobilon®-P PVDF Transfer Membranes tau yuav los ntawm MilliporeSigma (MO, USA). Anhydrous methanol thiab ethanol tau yuav los ntawm Edward Chemical (Lanzhou, Suav).

cistanche kev paub

2.3. Kaw atmospheric xeem

Tsib caug BALB/c nas tau muab faib ua pawg tswj (cov dej tsis muaj menyuam, {{0}}.1 mL/10 g), pawg tswj zoo (Rhodiola, 0. 5 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1), pawg koob tshuaj qis (0.1 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1), pab pawg nruab nrab koob (0.3 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1 ) thiab pawg koob tshuaj (0.5 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1). Cov tshuaj tau muab 3 hnub sib law liag. Ib teev tom qab kev tswj hwm zaum kawg, cov nas tau muab tso rau hauv 200 mL hub nrog 5 g ntawm soda txiv qaub (kev nqus ntawm carbon dioxide thiab dej), npog lub raj mis kom nruj nrog Vaseline, thiab lub sijhawm raug suav tam sim. Cov nas tau pom thiab lub sijhawm thaum cov nas tuag vim tsis muaj oxygen tau sau tseg.

2.4. Sodium nitrite hypoxia test

Cov tsiaj tau muab faib ua pawg thiab tswj hwm tib txoj hauv kev raws li tau piav qhia hauv 2.3. Ib teev tom qab kev tswj hwm zaum kawg, 300 mg / kg sodium nitrite tov tau txhaj rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav. Cov nas tau pom thiab lub sijhawm thaum cov nas tuag vim tsis muaj oxygen tau sau tseg.

2.5. Kev kuaj mob hypoxia

Cov tsiaj tau muab faib ua pawg thiab tswj hwm tib txoj hauv kev raws li tau piav qhia hauv 2.3. Ib teev tom qab kev tswj hwm zaum kawg, cov nas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw kuaj tsiaj hypobaric hypoxia (qhov siab: 10,{3}} m), thiab qhov nce ceev yog 20 m / s. Lub sijhawm pib thaum qhov siab nce mus txog 10,000 m. Kev tuag ntawm cov nas tau pom thiab kaw hauv 15 feeb.

2.6. Kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog ntawm kev sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov xim daj daj thiab Cistanche phenylethanol glycosides hauv normoxia

Rau caum BALB/c nas tau muab faib ua pawg tswj (cov dej tsis muaj menyuam, {{0}}.1 mL/10 g), pawg tswj zoo (rhodiola, 0 .5 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1), thiab pawg tshuaj (tsawg koob, 0.1 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1, nruab nrab koob, 0.3 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1 , thiab koob tshuaj ntau, 0.5 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1). Cov tshuaj tau muab rau 7 hnub tsis tu ncua. Kev sim ua luam dej tag tau ua tiav, thiab lub sijhawm ua luam dej tag nrho tau ntsuas ntawm cov nas 1 h tom qab kev tswj hwm zaum kawg. Cov hlau (qhov hnyav yog 7 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub cev hnyav ntawm nas) tau txuas rau 1/3 ntawm tus nas tail, thiab cov nas tau muab tso rau hauv 18 cm dej tob (50 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm) nyob rau hauv kev tswj dej. ntawm qhov kub ntawm 25 ± 1 ◦C, thiab kev sim ua luam dej tas mus li. Lub sijhawm los ntawm kev tso nas rau hauv dej kom tso rau hauv dej tau sau tseg (thaum tus nas tsis tuaj yeem tsa nws tus kheej mus rau saum npoo rau 7 s). Tom qab kev sim ua luam dej tas, tag nrho cov ntshav tau sau los ntawm nas orbital, thiab tau txais daim siab, hlwb, thiab cov leeg nqaij. Cov theem ntawm PA, BUN, LD, LDH, GSH, T-SOD, daim siab glycogen thiab nqaij glycogen tau txiav txim siab. Cov protein qhia ntawm Bax, Bcl-2 thiab Caspase{33}} nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg yog ntsuas los ntawm western blotting.

2.7. Kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog ntawm kev sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cistanche phenylethanol glycosides thiab gardenia daj xim hauv hypoxia

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 75 Wistar nas tau randomized rau hauv 5 pawg: normoxic tswj pawg (NC, dej distilled); hypoxia tswj pawg (HC, dej distilled); Cov pab pawg ua luam dej tag nrho (EC, dej distilled); Cov pab pawg ua luam dej kom zoo (EP, 0.5 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1); thiab pab pawg ua luam dej ua ke (ED, 0.5 g⋅kg− 1⋅d− 1). Cov nas nyob hauv NC pab pawg tau muab tso rau hauv chav tsiaj ntawm qhov chaw siab hauv zos (Lanzhou, 1500 m), thiab cov nas uas tseem tshuav tau muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw toj siab ntawm qhov simulated 8000 m qhov siab uas tau tswj xyuas tas li 5 hnub. Cov txheej txheem kev sim tshwj xeeb yog tib yam li tau piav qhia hauv 2.6. Tag nrho cov nas tau decapitated, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb, daim siab thiab cov leeg nqaij tau sau. Cov theem ntawm PA, BUN, UA, CRE, CK, CAT, GSH-PX, MDA, NOS, NO, LD, LDH, T-SOD, ATP, daim siab glycogen thiab nqaij glycogen raug ntsuas. Protein qhia theem ntawm Bax, Bcl-2, Nox2, thiab Ampk nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg raug ntsuas los ntawm western blotting. Ob tus nas nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg tau stained nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin (HE), thiab pom cov kab mob pathological.

2.8. Kev txheeb cais

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia raws li qhov nruab nrab ± SD. Cov ntaub ntawv raug soj ntsuam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) ua raws li kev xeem Tub Ntxhais Kawm-Newman-Keuls. P < 0.05="" tau="" suav="" tias="" yog="" qhov="" tseem="">

3. Cov txiaj ntsig

3.1. Kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv hypoxia ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug sib xyaw ntawm gardenia daj xim thiab Cistanche phenylethanol glycosides

3.1.1. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kaw atmospheric test

Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm, lub sij hawm los tiv thaiv hypoxia ntawm pawg tswj qhov zoo, pab pawg qis qis, pab pawg nruab nrab thiab cov koob tshuaj siab tau ntev 8.88 feem pua ​​(P < 0.05="" ),="" 7.86="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< {0).="" raws.="" cov="" koob="" tshuaj="" ntau="" ntau="" tau="" muaj="" txiaj="" ntsig="" los="" tiv="" thaiv="" hypoxia="" ntau="" dua="" (p=""><0.01) (table="">

Table 1

3.1.2. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kuaj sodium nitrite hypoxia

Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm, lub sijhawm tiv thaiv hypoxia ntawm pawg tswj hwm zoo, pab pawg qis qis, pab pawg nruab nrab thiab cov koob tshuaj siab tau ncua ntev li 16.49 feem pua ​​(P < 0.0="" 5),="" 20.83="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.01),="" 23.99="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 20.28="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05), feem.="" cov="" pab="" pawg="" tshuaj="" tsawg="" thiab="" koob="" tshuaj="" siab="" tau="" pom="" tseeb="" los="" tiv="" thaiv="" hypoxic="" (p=""><0.01) (table="">

Rooj 2

3.1.3. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm mob hypobaric hypoxia

Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm, tsis pub dhau 15 feeb ntawm thaum cov nas tau muab tso rau hauv chav kuaj hypobaric hypoxia, cov neeg tuag ntawm pawg neeg zoo thiab cov pab pawg tshuaj tau txo qis, thiab cov nqi poob qis hauv pawg tswj hwm zoo, pab pawg tsawg tsawg. , pawg nruab nrab koob tshuaj thiab pawg koob tshuaj siab yog 30 feem pua, 20 feem pua, 30 feem pua ​​thiab 40 feem pua, feem. Kev tuag ntawm cov nas nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg siab yog qhov qis tshaj. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 3.

Table 3

3.2. Kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov xim daj daj thiab Cistanche phenylethanol glycosides

3.2.1. Lub sij hawm ua luam dej tag

Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm, lub sijhawm ua luam dej rau cov pab pawg tswj tau zoo, pab pawg qis qis, pab pawg nruab nrab thiab cov koob tshuaj siab tau ncua ntev li 21.18 feem pua ​​(P < 0.05), 11 feem pua. , 24.35 feem pua ​​(P< 0.05)="" and="" 26.9%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" respectively="" (table="" 4).="" the="" prolongation="" time="" was="" longest="" in="" the="" high-dose="">

3.2.2. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm biochemical indexes

Cov qib BUN hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov pab pawg tshuaj tau txo qis, thiab qib PA hauv cov ntshav tau nce ntxiv; qhov sib txawv tau pom tseeb tseem ceeb piv nrog cov pab pawg tswj hwm (P < {{{0}}}05)="" (fig.="" 1a).="" qib="" bun="" hauv="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm="" qhov="" zoo,="" pab="" pawg="" tsawg="" tsawg,="" pab="" pawg="" nruab="" nrab="" koob="" tshuaj="" thiab="" pab="" pawg="" siab="" yog="" 26.2="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.01),="" 28.2="" feem="" pua="" ​​,="" 25.4="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.="" qib="" pa="" hauv="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm="" zoo,="" pab="" pawg="" qis="" qis,="" pab="" pawg="" nruab="" nrab="" koob="" tshuaj="" thiab="" pab="" pawg="" siab="" tau="" nce="" 12.2="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05), 9.1="" feem="" pua,="" 9.8="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 16.4="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05). 0.01),="" feem,="" piv="" nrog="" cov="" pab="" pawg="" tswj.="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" cov="" pab="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm,="" qib="" ld="" thiab="" ldh="" hauv="" pawg="" tshuaj="" tau="" nce="" ntau="" (p=""><0.05) (fig.="" 1b;="" fig.="" 1c),="" thiab="" cov="" ntsiab="" lus="" ntawm="" gsh="" thiab="" t-sod="" hauv="" pawg="" tshuaj="" tau="" nce="" ntau.="" (p=""><0.05) (fig.="" 1d;="" fig.="">

Piv nrog rau cov pab pawg tswj hwm, qib LD hauv pawg tswj hwm zoo, pab pawg qis qis, pab pawg nruab nrab thiab cov koob tshuaj siab hauv cov ntshav tau nce siab los ntawm 17.9 feem pua ​​(P < 0.{{="" 11}}1),="" 6.3="" feem="" pua,="" 16.5="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.05)="" thiab="" 18.="" 5),="" raws.="" lub="" siab="" ld="" qib="" hauv="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm="" zoo="" thiab="" pawg="" tshuaj="" tau="" nce="" siab="" los="" ntawm="" 58.6="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01), 64.9="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) 107.5="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 73.6="" feem="" pua="">< 0.01),="" respectively.="" the="" brain="" ld="" level="" in="" the="" positive="" control="" group="" and="" drug="" groups="" was="" elevated="" significantly="" by="" 33%="" (p="" <="" 0.01),="" 22.4%,="" 31%="" (p="" <="" 0.01)="" and="" 3.9%,="" respectively.="" the="" muscle="" ld="" level="" in="" the="" positive="" control="" group="" and="" drug="" groups="" was="" elevated="" significantly="" by="" 31.7%="" (p="">< 0.01),="" 27.5%="" (p="" <="" 0.01),="" 52.7%="" (p="" <="" 0.01)="" and="" 47.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.01),="">

Piv nrog rau cov pab pawg tswj hwm, qib LDH hauv pawg tswj hwm zoo, pab pawg qis qis, pab pawg nruab nrab koob thiab pab pawg siab hauv cov ntshav tau nce siab los ntawm 6.1 feem pua ​​(P < 0.{{="" 9}}5),="" 11.4="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0).="" lub="" siab="" ldh="" qib="" tau="" nce="" siab="" los="" ntawm="" 22.4="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< {{30}}}.{{40}}1),="" 22.3="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.{{="" 56}}1),="" 30="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 21.7="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01), feem.="" lub="" hlwb="" ldh="" tau="" nce="" siab="" los="" ntawm="" 21.3="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05), 10.5="" feem="" pua,="" 27.5="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 31.2="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01), feem.="" cov="" leeg="" nqaij="" ldh="" tau="" nce="" siab="" los="" ntawm="" 5.1="" feem="" pua,="" 4.5="" feem="" pua,="" 11.5="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05) thiab="" 16.8="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01),>

Piv nrog rau cov pab pawg tswj hwm, qib siab SOD hauv pawg tswj hwm zoo, pab pawg qis qis, pab pawg nruab nrab thiab cov koob tshuaj siab tau nce siab los ntawm 8.9 feem pua ​​(P < 0.05), 20.6 feem pua ​​(P< 0.01),="" 36.7%="" (p="" <="" 0.01)="" and="" 19.3%="" (p="" <="" 0.01),="" respectively.="" the="" brain="" sod="" level="" in="" the="" positive="" control="" group="" and="" drug="" groups="" was="" elevated="" significantly="" by="" 12.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.01),="" 8.3%,="" 7.7%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 11%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" respectively.="" the="" muscle="" sod="" level="" in="" the="" positive="" control="" group="" and="" drug="" groups="" was="" elevated="" significantly="" by="" 10%,="" 46.3%(p="" <="" 0.05),="" 32.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.01)="" and="" 19%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="">

Fig. 1. Qib ntawm BUN thiab PA hauv cov nas tsuag

Piv nrog rau cov pab pawg tswj hwm, lub siab GSH qib hauv pawg tswj tau zoo, pab pawg qis qis, pab pawg nruab nrab koob thiab pawg koob tshuaj siab tau nce siab los ntawm 29.4 feem pua, 31.2 feem pua ​​(P < 0.="" {10}}1),="" 47.3="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.01)="" thiab="" 14.6="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.01),="" raws.="" lub="" hlwb="" gsh="" qib="" hauv="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm="" zoo="" thiab="" pab="" pawg="" tshuaj="" tau="" nce="" siab="" los="" ntawm="" 40.6="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.05),="" 24.6="" feem="" pua,="" 57.1="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 57.9="" feem="" pua.="" (p=""><0.01), raws.="" cov="" leeg="" gsh="" qib="" hauv="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm="" zoo="" thiab="" pawg="" tshuaj="" tau="" nce="" siab="" los="" ntawm="" 174="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01), 45.4="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05), 10.1="" feem="" pua="" ​​thiab="" 38.2="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01),>

3.2.3. Kev kuaj pom ntawm kev qhia txog cov proteins apoptotic nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm nas los ntawm western blotting

Thaum muab piv nrog cov pab pawg tswj hwm, Bax/Bcl {{0}}} thiab Caspase-3 qib hauv daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm pawg tshuaj thiab pab pawg tswj tau zoo tau txo qis (P < {{5}="" }.="" bax/bcl-2="" thiab="" caspase-3="" qib="" hauv="" lub="" paj="" hlwb="" ntawm="" cov="" pab="" pawg="" tshuaj="" thiab="" cov="" pab="" pawg="" zoo="" tau="" txo="" qis="" (p="">< 0.01)="" (fig.="" 2b).="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm,="" bax="" bcl-2="" qib="" hauv="" pawg="" qis,="" pab="" pawg="" nruab="" nrab="" koob,="" pab="" pawg="" siab="" thiab="" pab="" pawg="" tswj="" tau="" zoo="" hauv="" daim="" siab="" tau="" txo="" qis="" los="" ntawm="" 9.8="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01 ),="" 14.6="" feem="" pua,="" 26.4="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 26.6="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01), feem.="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" cov="" pab="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm,="" caspase-3="" qib="" hauv="" pawg="" koob="" tshuaj="" tsawg,="" pab="" pawg="" nruab="" nrab="" koob,="" pab="" pawg="" siab="" thiab="" pab="" pawg="" tswj="" tau="" zoo="" hauv="" daim="" siab="" tau="" txo="" qis="" los="" ntawm="" 2.8="" feem="" pua,="" 65.7="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) ,="" 76.2="" feem="" pua="">< 0.01)="" and="" 97.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.01),="">

Piv nrog rau cov neeg hauv pawg tswj hwm, Bax / Bcl {{0}} qib hauv pawg qis, pab pawg nruab nrab, pab pawg siab thiab pab pawg tswj tau zoo hauv lub hlwb tau txo qis los ntawm 14.2. feem pua ​​(P < 0.="" .05),="" ib.="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" qhov="" ntawd="" hauv="" pab="" pawg="" tswj="" hwm,="" caspase-3="" qib="" hauv="" pawg="" qis="" qis,="" pab="" pawg="" nruab="" nrab="" koob,="" pab="" pawg="" siab="" thiab="" pab="" pawg="" tswj="" tau="" zoo="" hauv="" lub="" hlwb="" tau="" txo="" qis="" los="" ntawm="" 32.4="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05) ,="" 34.2="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01), 17.5="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05) thiab="" 8.3="" feem="" pua,="">

3.3. Kev txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov xim daj daj thiab Cistanche phenylethanol glycosides rau kev tawm dag zog qaug zog ntawm qhov siab.

3.3.1. Lub sijhawm ua luam dej tag

Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias piv nrog EC pawg, EP thiab ED pawg muaj peev xwm ua kom lub sijhawm ua luam dej ntawm nas (P < 0.05)="" (table="" 5).="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" pawg="" ec,="" lub="" sijhawm="" ua="" luam="" dej="" tag="" nrho="" hauv="" ob="" pawg="" ep="" thiab="" ed="" tau="" ncua="" ntev="" li="" 49.77="" feem="" pua="" ​​thiab="" 51.71="" feem="">

3.3.2. Biochemical parameters nyob rau hauv cov ntshav

Piv nrog rau cov nyob hauv NC pab pawg, cov qib ntshav ntawm BUN, CRE, UA thiab PA hauv lwm pab pawg tau nce ntau (P < {{0}}.01),="" thiab="" cov="" nyob="" hauv="" pawg="" hc="" tau="" ncua="" ntev="" li="" 63.1="" feem="" pua,="" 60.7="" feem="" pua,="" 55.8="" feem="" pua="" ​​thiab="" 100="" feem="" pua,="" raws="" li.="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" ec,="" cov="" theem="" ntawm="" bun,="" cre,="" ua="" thiab="" pa="" hauv="" cov="" ntshav="" ntawm="" ep="" thiab="" ed="" pawg="" poob="" qis="" (p=""><0.05) (fig.="" 3a).="" tshwj="" xeeb,="" theem="" ntawm="" bun,="" cre,="" ua="" thiab="" pa="" hauv="" pawg="" ep="" tau="" txo="" qis="" los="" ntawm="" 8.4="" feem="" pua,="" 23.9="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05), 14.3="" feem="" pua="">< 0.05)="" and="" 10.1%.="" further,="" the="" levels="" of="" bun,="" cre,="" ua="" and="" pa="" in="" the="" ed="" group="" were="" lowered="" by="" 11.7%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 24.9%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 10.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 8.7%.="" compared="" with="" those="" in="" the="" nc="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" ld,="" ldh,="" no="" and="" nos="" in="" serum="" of="" the="" other="" groups="" were="" significantly="" increased="" (p="" <="" 0.05).="" compared="" with="" those="" in="" the="" ec="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" ld,="" ldh,="" no="" and="" nos="" in="" serum="" of="" the="" ep="" and="" ed="" groups="" were="" significantly="" lowered="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" (fig.="" 3b).="" specifically,="" the="" levels="" of="" ld,="" ldh,="" no="" and="" nos="" in="" the="" ep="" group="" were="" lowered="" by="" 21.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 6.5%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" 21.2%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 19.6%.="" further,="" the="" levels="" of="" ld,="" ldh,="" no="" and="" nos="" in="" the="" ed="" group="" were="" lowered="" by="" 26.9%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 6.5%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" 23.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 27.0%="" (p="" <="" 0.05).="" compared="" with="" those="" in="" the="" nc="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" ck,="" mda="" and="" gsh-px="" in="" the="" serum="" of="" the="" other="" groups="" were="" significantly="" increased="" (p="">< 0.05);="" compared="" with="" the="" ec="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" ck,="" mda="" and="" gshpx="" in="" the="" serum="" of="" the="" ep="" and="" ed="" groups="" increased="" significantly="" (p="">< 0.05)="" (fig.="" 3c).="" specifically,="" the="" levels="" of="" ck="" and="" mda="" in="" the="" ep="" group="" decreased="" by="" 13.3%,="" 45.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 20.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05);="" and="" the="" levels="" of="" ck="" and="" mda="" in="" the="" ed="" group="" decreased="" by="" 13.7%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 51.3%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 21.2%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" respectively.="" the="" level="" of="" gshpx="" in="" the="" ep="" group="" was="" 20.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" and="" the="" level="" of="" gsh-px="" in="" the="" ed="" group="" was="" 21.2%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" higher="" than="" that="" in="" the="" ec="">

3.3.3. Cov biochemical tsis nyob rau hauv daim siab, hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij

Piv nrog rau cov nyob hauv NC pab pawg, qib ntawm LD, LDH, NO, NOS, PA, CK thiab MDA nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lwm pab pawg tau signifi cantly nce (P < {{0}}}.{{="" 13}}5).="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" pawg="" ec,="" qib="" ntawm="" ld,="" ldh,="" no,="" nos,="" pa,="" ck="" thiab="" mda="" hauv="" pawg="" ep="" thiab="" ed="" tau="" qis="" dua="" (p="">< 0.05)="" (fig.="" 4a;="" fig.="" 4b;="" fig.="" 4c;="" fig.="" .="" 4d;="" fig.="" 4e;="" fig.="" 4f;="" and="" fig.="" 4j).="" hauv="" kev="" sib="" piv="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" ec,="" cov="" theem="" ntawm="" ld,="" ldh,="" no,="" nos,="" pa,="" ck="" thiab="" mda="" poob="" los="" ntawm="" 18="" feem="" pua,="" 13="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05), 22="" feem="" pua="">< 0.05),="" 12.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 8.8%,="" 12.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" and="" 21.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" in="" the="" liver="" of="" the="" ep="" group,="" respectively;="" decreased="" by="" 7.5%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 9.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 38%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 26.7%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 15%,="" 8.3%="" (p="">< 0.05)="" and="" 34.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" in="" the="" brain="" of="" the="" ep="" group,="" respectively;="" and="" decreased="" by="" 9.4%,="" 8.5%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 23%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 15.5%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" 20%,="" 11.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" and="" 20%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)in="" the="" muscle="" of="" ep="" group,="">

Hauv kev sib piv rau cov hauv pawg EC, qib ntawm LD, LDH, NO, NOS, PA, CK thiab MDA poob los ntawm 14.8 feem pua ​​(P < 0.05), 14.1 feem pua ​​, 19.5 feem pua ​​(P< 0.05),="" 16.7%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 8.8%,="" 19.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 22.8%="" (p="">< 0.05)in="" the="" liver="" of="" the="" ed="" group,="" respectively;="" decreased="" by="" 7.5%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" 10.9%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 38.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 28.9%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 15%,="" 16.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 32.2%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" in="" the="" brain="" of="" the="" ed="" group,="" respectively;="" and="" decreased="" by="" 10.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 8.14%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 23.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 20.2%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 13.3%,="" 14.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 18.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" in="" the="" muscle="" of="" ed="" group,="" respectively.="" compared="" with="" those="" in="" the="" nc="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" gsh-px,="" t-sod="" and="" cat="" in="" the="" tissues="" of="" the="" other="" groups="" were="" significantly="" lowered="" (p="">< 0.05).="" compared="" with="" group="" ec,="" the="" levels="" of="" gsh-px,="" t-sod="" and="" cat="" in="" tissues="" of="" the="" ep="" and="" ed="" groups="" were="" significantly="" increased="" (p="">< 0.05)="" (fig.="" 4g;="" fig.="" 4h;="" fig.="" 4i).="" in="" comparison="" to="" those="" in="" the="" ec="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" gsh-px,="" t-sod="" and="" cat="" increased="" by="" 15.9%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 21.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 24.4%="" (p="">< 0.05)in="" the="" liver="" of="" the="" ep="" group,="" respectively;="" increased="" by="" 13.3%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" 13.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" and="" 9.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)in="" the="" brain="" of="" the="" ep="" group,="" respectively;="" and="" decreased="" by="" 12.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 21.1%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" and="" 13.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" in="" muscle="" tissue="" of="" the="" ep="" group,="" respectively.="" in="" comparison="" to="" those="" in="" the="" ec="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" gsh-px,="" t-sod="" and="" cat="" increased="" by="" 15.3%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 33.8%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" and="" 24.8%="" (p="">< 0.05)in="" the="" liver="" of="" the="" ed="" group,="" respectively;="" increased="" by="" 13.6%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" 11.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" and="" 8.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" in="" the="" brain="" of="" the="" ed="" group,="" respectively;="" and="" increased="" by="" 15.4%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 23.4%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" and="" 12.9%="" (p="" <="" 0.05)="" in="" muscle="" tissue="" of="" the="" ed="" group,="">

Fig. 2. (a) Kev qhia theem ntawm Bax/Bcl-2 thiab Caspase-3 hauv daim siab; (b) Kev qhia theem ntawm Bax/Bcl-2 thiab Caspase-3 hauv lub hlwb

3.3.4. Kev kuaj pom tau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub siab, lub hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij

Piv nrog rau cov hauv pawg NC, ATP, siab glycogen thiab cov leeg nqaij glycogen hauv lwm pab pawg tau txo qis (P< 0.05).="" compared="" with="" those="" in="" the="" ec="" group,="" the="" atp,="" liver="" glycogen="" and="" muscle="" glycogen="" levels="" in="" the="" ep="" and="" ed="" groups="" were="" significantly="" increased="" (p="" <="" 0.05).="" the="" results="" are="" shown="" in="" fig.="" 4k="" and="" l.="" in="" comparison="" to="" those="" in="" the="" ec="" group,="" the="" levels="" of="" atp="" (brain),="" atp="" (liver),="" liver="" glycogen="" and="" muscle="" glycogen="" in="" the="" ep="" group="" increased="" by="" 180.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="" 72.5%,="" 68.6%="" (p="" <="" 0.01)="" and="" 11.1%="" (p="">< 0.05),="" respectively,="" and="" the="" levels="" of="" atp="" (brain),="" atp="" (liver),="" liver="" glycogen="" and="" muscle="" glycogen="" in="" the="" ed="" group="" increased="" by="" 175.2%,="" 84.3%,="" 58.2%="" (p="" <="" 0.01)="" and="" 11.1%="" (p="" <="" 0.05),="">

3.3.5. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhia txog cov proteins uas muaj feem xyuam hauv lub hlwb thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm Western blot

Kev qhia theem ntawm Bax/Bcl{{0}} thiab Nox2 hauv daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lwm pab pawg tau nce (P < 0="" 05)="" thaum="" piv="" nrog="" cov="" nyob="" hauv="" nco="" group.="" kev="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" bax/bcl-2="" thiab="" nox2="" hauv="" daim="" siab="" cov="" ntaub="" so="" ntswg="" ntawm="" ep="" thiab="" ed="" pawg="" tau="" txo="" qis="" (p="">< 0="" 05)="" thaum="" piv="" nrog="" cov="" hauv="" ec="" pawg="" (fig.="" 5a).="" hauv="" kev="" sib="" piv="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" ec,="" cov="" lus="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" bax/bcl-2="" thiab="" nox2="" hauv="" daim="" siab="" cov="" ntaub="" so="" ntswg="" ntawm="" pawg="" ep="" raug="" txo="" los="" ntawm="" 3.1="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.0="" 5)="" thiab="" 17.5="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< 0.05),="" feem.="" hauv="" kev="" sib="" piv="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" ec,="" cov="" lus="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" bax/bcl{19}}="" thiab="" nox2="" hauv="" daim="" siab="" cov="" ntaub="" so="" ntswg="" ntawm="" ed="" pawg="" tau="" txo="" los="" ntawm="" 5.1="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p="">< {{5{54}}}}.="" 05)="" thiab="" 12.9="" feem="" pua,="" feem.="" cov="" kev="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" bax/bcl-2,="" nox2="" thiab="" ampk="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" lub="" hlwb="" ntawm="" lwm="" pab="" pawg="" tau="" txhim="" kho="" tau="" zoo="" dua="" piv="" nrog="" cov="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" nc="" pab="" pawg="" (p="">< 0.05),="" thiab="" lawv="" tau="" txo="" qis="" hauv="" ep="" thiab="" ed="" pawg.="" piv="" nrog="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" ec="" (p=""><0.05) (fig.="" 5b).="" hauv="" kev="" sib="" piv="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" ec,="" cov="" lus="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" bax="" bcl-2,="" nox2="" thiab="" ampk="" hauv="" lub="" hlwb="" cov="" ntaub="" so="" ntswg="" ntawm="" pawg="" ep="" poob="" 16.7="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01), 9.9="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 13.3="" feem="" pua.="" hauv="" kev="" sib="" piv="" rau="" cov="" hauv="" pawg="" ec,="" cov="" lus="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" bax/bcl-2,="" nox2="" thiab="" ampk="" hauv="" hlwb="" cov="" ntaub="" so="" ntswg="" ntawm="" ed="" pawg="" tau="" txo="" los="" ntawm="" 12.7="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05), 4.8="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.01) thiab="" 17.5="" feem="" pua="" ​​(p=""><0.05),>

3.3.6. Histopathological hloov nyob rau hauv nas

Peb pom tseeb pom kev hloov pauv hauv daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm microscopy (Fig. 6). Cov qauv morphological ntawm daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg tsis zoo nyob rau hauv pawg NC, thiab cov hlwb nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab tau zoo sib xws. Tsis muaj cov hlwb necrotic tshwm sim, thiab tsis muaj lwm yam kev hloov pauv pathological. Hauv pawg HC, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hlwb nyob ib puag ncig cov leeg hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub siab tau xoob me ntsis, thiab cov cell morphology yog qhov qub. Nyob rau hauv pawg EC, lub hauv paus venous qauv ntawm cov nas yog mob heev, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlwb tau loosened, lub cell ntim tau nce, muaj edema ntawm lub hlwb, thiab cell necrosis yog pom tseeb. Piv nrog rau pawg EC, cov txiaj ntsig pathological ntawm daim siab hauv ED thiab EP pawg tau txhim kho tau zoo. Pathological seem ntawm lub hlwb ntawm nas yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 7. Nyob rau hauv NC pab pawg neeg, lub morphological qauv ntawm lub hlwb yog ib txwm, lub cytoarchitecture yog tseeb, thiab lub nucleus yog pom tseeb. Hauv pawg HC, muaj qee qhov edema hauv interstitium ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb. Hauv pawg EC, interstitial edema ntawm lub paj hlwb tau pom tseeb, thiab cov hlab ntsha tau nthuav tawm edema thiab congestion. Piv nrog rau pawg EC, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub paj hlwb hauv ED thiab EP pawg tau txhim kho tau zoo. Pathological seem ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm nas yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 8. Nyob rau hauv pawg NC, cov qauv morphological ntawm cov leeg nqaij yog qhov qub, cytoarchitecture tau meej, cov nuclei tau tawg thiab npaj kom zoo, cov qauv band raug txiav txim, thiab muaj. tsis muaj inflammatory cell infiltration. Hauv pawg HC, cov pob txha pob txha tau tshwm sim, thiab cov hlwb tau o. Hauv pawg EC, muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov leeg nqaij pob txha, cov fascicle bands yog nebulous, cov hlua tau tawg nrog cov khoob loj, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg edema yog pom tseeb nrog cov kab mob ntawm tes infiltration. Piv nrog rau pawg EC, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm pathological ntawm cov leeg nqaij hauv ED thiab EP pawg tau txhim kho tau zoo.

4. Kev sib tham

Oxygen yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj lub neej ib txwm muaj ntawm cov kab mob. Hypoxia ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv. Me me hypoxia tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev ua pa tob dua thiab ua kom ua pa, ua kom lub plawv dhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav kom ntseeg tau cov ntshav ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog cev. Thaum mob hypoxia tshwm sim, kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem lossis tsis tshwm sim tag nrho. Nws yooj yim ua rau cov metabolism hauv lub cev tsis zoo thiab tseem ua rau tuag taus. Kev tawm dag zogqaug zogyog cov txheej txheem physiological nyuaj uas yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm qee qhov kev siv los yog rau qee lub sijhawm thiab feem ntau hu ua kev siv zog thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Lub cev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub cev raug txo qis heev, thiab lub zog lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm lub hlwb qhia tau tias muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis tuaj yeem tswj lossis tiv taus qhov kev siv zog ua ntej. Thaum tib neeg nkag mus rau hauv toj siab los ntawm thaj chaw tiaj, raug rau qhov chaw siab siab hypoxic ib puag ncig ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm metabolic thiab ua rau lub cev tsis nco qab, kev txawj ntse, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, yooj yim ua rau qaug zog (Jiang li al., 2013).

Tam sim no, muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua siqaug zog; Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kis las qaug zog feem ntau suav nrog kev qaug zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov metabolites tsis zoo, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv thiab qib siab ntawm cov dawb radicals (Carter, 2014). Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si qaug zog hauv qhov siab siab yog qhov nyuaj, uas hypoxia thiab dawb radical puas los ntawm kev tawm dag zog yog qhov ua rau ncaj qha. Hauv cov qauv tsiaj uas muaj kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau hauv cov xwm txheej hypoxic, BUN, CRE, UA, PA, LD thiab lwm yam metabolites tau sau tseg, qib ntawm cov dawb radicals NO thiab MDA tau nce ntau, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim siab glycogen thiab cov leeg glycogen poob qis. PK thiab LDH yog cov enzymes tseem ceeb hauv glycolysis, thiab CAT, GSH-PX, NOS thiab T-SOD yog koom nrog hauv lipid peroxidation hauv vivo thiab cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov dawb radicals.

Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias lub mechanism ntawm kev ua siqaug zogFeem ntau suav nrog kev tsis txaus lub zog, tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov metabolites thiab ntau dhau ntawm cov dawb radicals. BUN, CRE, UA, PA thiab LD yog cov metabolites uas tsim los ntawm lub cev, thiab ntau dhau ntawm cov metabolites tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev (Hong et al., 2015; Huang, Huang, Ye, & Qin, 2010; Li et al. ib., 2016). BUN yog cov khoom lag luam metabolic ntawm proteolysin, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv nrog kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. LD yog ib qho tseem ceeb aerobic glycolysis khoom uas hloov los ntawm PA mus rau LD nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm LDH, thiab accumulating LD nyob rau hauv lub cev yuav ua rau qaug zog (Chi li al., 2015; H.-p.; Zhao li al., 2017). Txoj kev tshawb no pom tau hais tias qhov sib npaug sib npaug sib xyaw ntawm gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanol glycosidestuaj yeem txo qis BUN, CRE, UA, PA thiab LD thiab tuaj yeem ncua qhov pib ntawm kev txav mus los.qaug zog. TSIS MUAJ thiab MDA yog ob hom dawb radicals hauv lub cev. Thaum lub cev nquag tsim cov dawb radicals ntau dhau thaum hypoxia, cov ntsiab lus dawb radical siab tuaj yeem ua rau lipid peroxidation thiab cell trauma (Nam, Kim, & Jeong, 2016). Peb pom tias qhov sib npaug sib npaug sib xyaw ntawm gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanol glycosidestuaj yeem txo qis NO thiab MDA, inhibit qhov tsim tawm ntawm cov dawb radicals ntau dhau thiab tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

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ATP, daim siab glycogen, thiab cov leeg nqaij glycogen, ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev thiab tuaj yeem muab lub zog rau lub cev (Y. Chen li al., 2016; Lee et al., 2015). Thaum lub cev muaj zog tsis txaus, daim siab glycogen thiab nqaij glycogen muab lub zog rau lub cev los ntawm gluconeogenesis. Peb pab pawg tshawb fawb pom tias qhov sib npaug ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanol glycosidestuaj yeem nce qib ntawm ATP, daim siab glycogen thiab cov leeg glycogen thiab ncua qhov pib ntawm kev txav mus los.qaug zog. Lub cev muaj ntau cov enzymes koom nrog hauv kev muab lub zog, pub dawb radical scavenging, thiab kev tswj cov metabolite. Cov enzymes no tseem cuam tshuam txog lub zog metabolism hauv lub cev. PK thiab LDH yog cov enzymes tseem ceeb hauv glycolysis. CAT, GSH-PX, NOS thiab T-SOD feem ntau koom nrog hauv lipid peroxidation thiab cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov dawb radicals (Ding li al., 2011; Kumar, Anand, Singsit, Khanum, & Anilakumar, 2013; Nam, Kim, & Jeong, 2016; Ni et al., 2013; Ramesh et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2010; M.; Zhao, Regenstein, & Ren, 2011). Txoj kev tshawb no pom tau hais tias qhov sib npaug sib npaug sib xyaw ntawm gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanol glycosidestuaj yeem txo qis PK, LDH, thiab NOS thiab tuaj yeem nce qib ntawm CAT, GSH-PX, thiab T-SOD, tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm siab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hypoxic.

Bcl -2 thiab Bax yog ob qho proteins tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm apoptosis, uas Bax yog cov protein uas txhawb nqa apoptosis, thaum Bcl -2 yog cov protein uas inhibits apoptosis. Qhov kev qhia piv ntawm ob cov proteins (Bax/Bcl-2) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau apoptosis (Jia li al., 2013; Miao et al., 2013). Caspase-3 kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb apoptotic protein uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm apoptosis. DNA cleavage factor yog qhib, thiab endonuclease nucleic acid yog qhib, uas nws thiaj li ua rau cell tuag. Cov txheej txheem no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm apoptosis (Choudhary, Al-Harbi, & Almasan, 2015). Amp yog ib qho AMP-dependent protein kinase uas muaj feem xyuam nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm lub zog metabolism thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov piam thaj. Tom qab kev tawm dag zog ntau, Ampk hauv lub cev tau qhib (Niederberger, King, Russe, & Geisslinger, 2015). Nox2 ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv inflammatory thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm ROS. Nox2 tuaj yeem xa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm intracellular NADPH thiab tso cai rau cov pa oxygen nkag mus rau hauv cov cell membrane, uas nws thiaj li ua rau kev tsim cov superoxide (Khayrullina, Bermudez, & Byrnes, 2015). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, nws tau pom tias ib tug sib tov ntawm gardenia daj pigment thiabCistanche phenylethanol glycosidestuaj yeem txo qhov kev qhia ntawm apoptotic proteins thiab txo Ampk thiab Nox2 hauv cov nas ua luam dej hypoxic. Yog li ntawd, lubtiv thaiv qaug zogcov nyhuv ntawm kev sib tov ntawm gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanol glycosidesTej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ncua sij hawm apoptosis.

Hauv kev xaus, qhov sib npaug sib npaug sib xyaw ntawm gardenia daj xim thiabCistanche phenylethanol glycosidesmuaj anti-hypoxia thiabtiv thaiv qaug zogcov teebmeem, thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv.

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