Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov zoo-ntaus txuas ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm ntau ntxiv ntawm SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Nrog Omicron
Oct 11, 2023
SARS-CoV-2 tau hloov pauv ntau yam tsim kev txhawj xeeb (VOC) uas ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob thoob ntiaj teb. Omicron VOC reinfects cov tib neeg raug rau cov kev hloov ua ntej ntawm SARS CoV-2 ntawm qhov zaus siab dua li yav dhau los pom rau cov uas tsis yog-Omicron VOC. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kab mob sib txuas nrog Omicron thawj kab mob thiab Omicron reinfection qhia tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm Omicron-Omicron reinfections yog tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm luv dua li pom tom qab thawj kab mob uas tsis yog-Omicron VOC. Peb qhov kev soj ntsuam pom tau tias ib tus kab mob los ntawm SARS-CoV-2 yuav tsis tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tau muaj los tiv thaiv cov kab mob rov qab los ntawm cov kab mob Omicron. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tau ua tiav los ntawm Next-generation sequencing (NGS) ntawm ib pawg neeg Danish nrog cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm ob qho kev kis mob tshwm sim hauv tib tus neeg. Peb xav tias kev txuas ntxiv ntawm COVID-19 NGS thiab suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom muaj kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm SARS CoV-2 genomics, pab kho thiab txhim kho tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab qhia cov lus pom zoo rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv.
cistanche tubulosa- txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb tau xaiv tsib yam kev txhawj xeeb (VOC) rau SARS-CoV-2, tus kab mob uas ua rau COVID-19: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, thiab Omicron1. Cov VOC thiab cov kev hloov pauv tshiab no tseem yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm SARS-CoV-2 kev sib kis. Kev siv cov cim tiam (NGS) thiab nrog cov metadata tau tso cai rau kev nkag siab ntau dua li cas VOC kis ntawm hosts3-5. Lub Ntiaj Teb Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) tau sau ntau tshaj 12 lab SARS-CoV-2 sequences to date3. Cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam qhia tias txhua VOC muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qib sib txawv ntawm kev sib kis thiab kab mob 4,5 thiab qhov hloov pauv tshiab, suav nrog cov kev hloov pauv tam sim no, muaj peev xwm rov ua rau cov tswv tsev txawm tias muaj kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv thoob ntiaj teb 6,7. Qhov hloov pauv tsis ntev los no, Omicron, lossis B.1.1.529, tau raug xaiv nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 raws li VOC sai tom qab nws thawj zaug txheeb xyuas hauv South Africa thiab Botswana1. Omicron sub-lineages ntawm BA.1, BA.2, thiab BA.3 txij li thaum kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb, dhau los ua thawj hom Omicron sib txawv, ua raws li BA.4 thiab BA.5 hauv lub lis piam tom qab 1,8. Nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Omicron cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tsis ntev los no tau pom zoo siv hauv UK9 thiab US10, DNA, RNA, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv protein tag nrho tsim los siv cov kab mob thawj zaug tau siv los ua ib feem ntawm kev siv zog los tswj kev sib kis. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau tshuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej tshiab ntawm Omicron kab mob uas tau nthuav tawm kev khiav tawm los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntau ntxiv 11,12. Tus kab mob no tau hloov pauv mus rau VOC txij thaum pib tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2019. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj peev xwm los khi rau cov kab mob sib kis uas tau ua rau cov kab mob sib txawv yav dhau los zoo li tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob titers tau ploj mus dhau sijhawm 13,14. Tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob VOC yav dhau los tau raug suav tias yog qhov txaus los tiv thaiv tus kab mob Omicron, txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, tom qab COVID-19 kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj ua tiav kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv rov ua dua los ntawm Omicron15.
cistanche ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig-nce kev tiv thaiv
Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb txog genomics ntawm tus kab mob kis tau tus kab mob thiab rov ua dua los ntawm Omicron thiab nws cov kab mob sib txuas siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv Denmark uas suav nrog SARS-CoV-2 genomes uas tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm NGS. Txhua qhov nkag tau sau tseg nrog cov metadata rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab. Kev tsom xam pom tau tias kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm Omicron VOC tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov zaus ntau dua thaum piv rau yav dhau los cov kab mob rov qab los ntawm qhov tsis yog Omicron VOC. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob me me qhia tau tias Omicron-Omicron reinfection tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv piv rau yav dhau los uas tsis yog-Omicron VOC reinfections. Qhov no qhia tau tias Omicron variant muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab nrawm dua ntawm kev rov ua tus tswv dua li peb tau pom txog tam sim no hauv kev sib kis. Qhov kev hloov pauv uas muaj peev xwm tsav VOC tsim tshiab thiab yog li kev rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nyob rau lub sijhawm kom qhia txog txoj cai tswjfwm kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem tsis tu ncua thiab txhim kho cov qauv tshuaj. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tau nthuav tawm ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas yuav tsis muaj peev xwm yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog no thiab txuas ntxiv kev soj ntsuam genomic. NGS ntawm cov kab mob kis tau tshwm sim yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv mus thoob ntiaj teb nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv kom tso cai rau kev pom zoo rau kev nce qib ntawm SARS-CoV-2. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv uas nthuav tawm txhua tus neeg kis tus kab mob lossis rov kis tus kabmob kis tus kabmob genome, metadata, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub hom phiaj no kom ua tiav.
Cov txiaj ntsig
SARS-CoV-2 Next-Generation Sequencing Data
cistanche ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig-yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev
Nyem qhov no mus saib Cistanche Enhance Immunity khoom
【Nug ntxiv】 Email: cindy.xue@wecistanche.com / Whats App: 0086 18599088692 / Wechat: 18599088692
Peb tshaj tawm peb qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm Danish COVID-19 Genome Consortium nkag tau los ntawm GISAID uas tau tshuaj xyuas ib tus neeg mob ntawm tus tswv tsev rov qab los ntawm VOCs, suav nrog sub-lineages3. Tam sim no muaj 21,708 tus neeg kis tus kabmob tshiab muaj nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1st, 2020 txog Lub Yim Hli 28th, 2022. Txhua qhov kev nkag tau tshaj tawm hnub sau pes tsawg ntawm ob qho tib si thawj tus kabmob thiab rov kis tus kabmob rau tib tus neeg, nrog rau NGS ua ntu zus rau tus kabmob thib ob ntawm tus kabmob genome. Thawj kis kab mob thiab lub sij hawm rov ua dua tshiab tau sau tseg raws li tus tswv tsev metadata, tso cai rau lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm kev kis kab mob. Ib feem me me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nkag (7595) tau tshaj tawm cov kab mob Pango kab mob ntawm ob qho tib si kab mob, ntxiv rau hnub sau, thiab NGS cov ntaub ntawv rau thawj tus kab mob thiab cov qauv rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm tib tus neeg. Pango kab nomenclature siv NGS rau phylogenetically cais tus kab mob raws li nws cov genomic muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau kev txheeb xyuas tus kab mob kis16,17. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj NGS cov ntaub ntawv rau tus kab mob thawj zaug thiab hloov pauv ntawm qhov rov qab transcriptase polymer chain reaction (rtPCR) los txiav txim seb qhov kev kawm puas zoo rau SARS-CoV-2 ntawm hnub tshaj tawm. Qhov kev sim rtPCR tsis qhia meej txog kab mob kis kab mob Pango, thiab yog li cov qauv no tsis suav nrog hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam pom hauv daim duab 1. Vim tias cov qauv tseem muaj cov kab mob uas tau lees paub thawj zaug, lawv tsuas yog suav nrog hauv daim duab 2a, raws li NGS ntawm reinfection muab kev pom zoo ntawm variant Pango kab uas xav tau rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Ib qho me me ntawm cov xwm txheej, 70, (<1% of total cases) had identical Pango lineages for the initial infection and reinfection. These cases were removed from the dataset because they did not satisfy the strict Pango lineage filtering methodology. This threshold was chosen because even with small nucleotide or amino acid differences within the same Pango lineage, those entries could be consistent with persistent and unresolved infection rather than reinfection18.
Reinfection cov ntaub ntawv feem pua thiab lub sijhawm los ntawm kev sib txawv
Rau txhua tus NGS-tus yam ntxwv VOC tau tshawb pom thiab tshaj tawm nrog cov ntaub ntawv txuas nrog Pango kab, peb pom muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob sib kis uas nyiam rov ua dua tshiab nrog Omicron VOC (p < 0.0001, Chi squared test) (Fig. 1a). 26% ntawm cov tib neeg kis tus kab mob thawj zaug tau pom tias muaj cov kab mob sib kis ntau dua nrog cov kev hloov pauv tom ntej. Cov neeg pib kis tus kab mob Alpha variant tsis muaj tus kab mob rov qab vim Alpha; Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce zaus ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm Delta (2.3%, 169 tus neeg mob) thiab Omicron (25.1%, 1875 tus neeg mob) tau pom (Daim duab 1a). Rau cov neeg pib kis tus kabmob Delta, kev rov ua dua tshiab vim yog Delta variant raug txwv (<1%, 18 cases), but 41% (3060 cases) were reported for Omicron variant reinfections. Thus far in the pandemic, reinfection within the same variant but different sub-lineages, other than for Omicron, was found to be small (0.3%, 24 cases), yet a higher number of individuals initially infected with Omicron report reinfection due to Omicron sublineages (4.6%, 340 cases). There is a high frequency of reinfection with Omicron among all those reinfected since March 2020, during which time a total of 93.2% reinfections were due to Omicron. These results suggest that primary infection with either the Original, Alpha, or Delta variant does not provide sufficient protection against reinfection, in particular for an Omicron reinfection.
cistanche ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig-yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev
Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas qhov no ntxiv, peb tau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob Omicron-rau Omicron reinfection los ntawm lawv cov npe loj sub-lineage (Fig. 1b). BA.2, BA.4, thiab BA.5 cov kab mob sib ze sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kab mob amino acid piv rau lwm cov kab mob Omicron. Tsuas muaj peb qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov protein ntau ntawm BA.2 thiab ob qho tib si BA.4 thiab BA.5: del69-70, L452R, thiab F486V8. Txawm hais tias qhov zoo sib xws no, qhov ntau zaus ntawm Omicron-rau-Omicron reinfections tau tshaj tawm nrog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev suav suav faib thiab qhov xav tau suav faib, qhia tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Omicron sub-lineages rau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsis yog vim yog caij nyoog (p < 0.0001, Chi-squared test) (Fig. 1b). Cov tib neeg pib kis tus kab mob BA.1 sub-lineage suav nrog ntau zaus ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob Omicron-to-Omicron reinfections (62%, 211 tus neeg mob) nrog cov kab mob thib ob feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm BA.2 (20%, 68 tus neeg mob) lossis BA. .5 (30%, 102 rooj plaub) (Fig. 1b). Ib yam li ntawd, cov tib neeg pib kis tus kab mob BA.2 tau pom tias muaj kev sib kis ntau zaus (38%, 129 tus neeg mob) nrog BA.5 (26.2%, 89 tus neeg mob) (Fig. 1b). Cov kab mob uas raug xaiv los ua "Lwm yam" hauv daim duab 1b tsis muaj cov npe uas txhais tau tias yog kab mob. Qhov siab zaus ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab qhia tias qhov sib txawv ntawm BA.1 lossis BA.2 thiab BA.5 spike protein yog siab txaus los cuam tshuam lub peev xwm ntawm kev kis kab mob tom qab tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm BA.1 lossis BA.2 los khi rau BA. .5 spike protein 12,16. Cov kab mob ntawm BA.1, BA.4, thiab lwm cov lus piav qhia tsawg dua Omicron variants tau qis dua cov kab mob rov ua dua piv rau BA.2 thiab BA.5.
Fig 1 Reinfection Case Percent and Intervals by Variant. Daim ntawv qhia tshav kub uas qhia txog ntau zaus ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob rov ua dua tshiab ntawm ob qhov sib txawv rau ob qho tib si thawj kab mob thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv Denmark. Cov suav nyoos yog qhia hauv qab tus nqi zaus hauv kab lus. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau dawb dawb squares. n=7467 cov kab mob rov qab. b Heatmap qhia txog kev rov ua kom rov zoo dua ntawm qhov pib Omicron kab mob thiab thib ob Omicron kab mob los ntawm sub-linage hauv Denmark. Cov suav nyoos yog qhia hauv qab tus nqi zaus hauv kab lus. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau dawb dawb squares. n=340 Omicron-to-Omicron reinfection case. c Scatterplot qhia lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm cov xwm txheej (lub lis piam) rau thawj thiab thib ob kis kab mob sib txawv hauv Denmark. Cov txhais tau tias ntawm pab pawg yog qhia nrog dub tuav. Lub xwmfab liab qhia txog cov xwm txheej thaum ntxov Omicron-rau-Omicron uas tau hais hauv cov ntawv uas tau tshwm sim ua ntej 10-lub lim tiam. n=7467 cov kab mob rov qab. d Scatterplot rau lub sijhawm ntawm cov xwm txheej (lub lis piam) rau Omicron-to-Omicron kab mob los ntawm kab mob hauv Denmark. Cov txhais tau tias ntawm pab pawg yog qhia nrog dub tuav. Lub xwmfab liab qhia txog Omicron-rau-Omicron thaum ntxov cov neeg mob uas tau hais hauv cov ntawv uas tshwm sim ua ntej 10-lub lim tiam rau ib qho kab mob tshwj xeeb. n=340 Omicron-to-Omicron reinfection case.
Fig. 2 Reinfection feem pua thiab kev suav cov sequencing. Lub Denmark sequencing feem pua ntawm lub sij hawm stratified los ntawm variant sawv cev raws li kab lus nrog ib tug bar zaj duab xis overlay sawv cev rau tus thib ob kis feem pua stratified los ntawm ib tug variant uas muaj xws li NGS thiab rtPCR cov ntaub ntawv. b Kev suav suav suav thoob ntiaj teb stratified los ntawm cov teb chaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm ib lub hlis ib ntus. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem qhia tau tias yog feem pua ntawm cov xwm txheej tau ua raws li lub sijhawm ntawm ib lub hlis hauv daim duab ntxiv 2.
Kev poob qis ntawm neutralizing cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab muaj tus kab mob ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntuj yuav ntev npaum li cas hauv ib tus neeg. Cov qauv ua ntej Omicron kwv yees ntau dua 90% kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab pib, tab sis cov kev kwv yees no tau qis dua 10% tom qab 108 lub lis piam 19. Daim duab 1c thiab d qhia lub sijhawm ntawm kev kis kab mob los ntawm thawj zaug thiab thib ob VOC pom thoob plaws tus kabmob kis. Ib kauj ruam zuj zus ntawm kev nce lub sij hawm rau kev rov ua dua tshiab yog pom ntawm qhov sib txawv VOC vim lawv lub sijhawm tshwm sim, kev sib kis, thiab kev tswj hwm hauv kev sib kis (Daim duab 1c). Tshwj xeeb, Omicron-to-Omicron reinfections tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsawg li 3 lub lis piam tom qab pib kis tus kab mob, nrog rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm 22 lub lis piam (Fig. 1c). Ntawm no Omicron-to-Omicron reinfections, 50 ntawm tag nrho 340 (14.7%) tus neeg mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 10 lub lis piam ntawm thawj kab mob; cim los ntawm lub thawv liab hauv daim duab 1c. Ib qho t-test tau ua rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Omicron-to-Omicron reinfections uas tshwm sim ua ntej thiab tom qab 10 lub lis piam. Ob pawg pawg no qhia tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab (p <0.0001, 95% CI: 17.17–20.19). Qhov no coj mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv los txiav txim seb dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib tawm bimodal hauv pawg Omicron-Omicron reinfection pawg. Cov reinfections los ntawm daim duab 1c yog stratified los ntawm sub-lineage nyob rau hauv daim duab 1d. Qhov tshwm sim rov tshwm sim ua ntej 10 lub lis piam, cim los ntawm lub thawv liab hauv daim duab 1d, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog BA.1 ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua dua nrog BA.2. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Variance (ANOVA) tau ua (cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv 1) ntawm cov pab pawg no hauv daim duab 1d qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus rau feem coob vim tias muaj NGS cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav siv bioinformatics los qhia Pango kab ntawm cov qauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv. .
Reinfection case feem pua
Siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm NGS thiab rtPCR cov qauv raws li tau piav qhia ua ntej, ntau dua ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab tau tshaj tawm hauv yim lub hlis dhau los (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021 txog Lub Xya Hli 2022) piv rau lwm yam VOCs hauv xyoo tas los (Daim duab . 2a). Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm Omicron sub-lineages tiv thaiv tag nrho cov kab mob hauv Denmark tau piav qhia hauv cov duab ntxiv. 1. Thaum lub ntiaj teb Omicron kab mob nthwv dej, Denmark muaj 19.5% qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm tag nrho cov qauv kuaj hauv Lub Xya Hli 2022. Hauv kev sib piv, qhov siab tshaj ntawm 1.4% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob thaum lub sij hawm Delta nthwv dej tau tshaj tawm raws li kev rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov sib txawv no qhia txog qib siab ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab tau pom thaum muaj kev kis tus kabmob kis mus rau Omicron VOC. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias thaum qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kab mob sib kis tau ze li ntawm 50% ntawm Delta thiab Omicron, tsis muaj kev faib tawm txawm tias muaj kev sib kis. Kev rov ua dua tshiab thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, tau tshwm sim los ntawm Delta hauv 0.6% ntawm cov neeg mob, thiab los ntawm Omicron hauv 1.6% ntawm cov neeg mob. Qhov no yog qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb ntawm Delta thiab Omicron vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kis tau zoo ib yam, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab tsis yog.
Kev sib tham
Peb cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov duab thaij duab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam muaj qhia txog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, cov tib neeg tau rov ua dua tshiab nrog SARS-COV-2, thiab Omicron-to-Omicron reinfections zoo li tshwm sim los ze zog ua ke nrog ntau zaus dua li pom rau kev rov ua dua tshiab cuam tshuam nrog VOC yav dhau los. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob reinfection ntau zaus hauv SARS-CoV-2, suav nrog Omicron, thiab thaum cov kev tshawb fawb no muab kev nkag siab zoo lawv feem ntau txwv rau PCR cov ntaub ntawv nkaus xwb 6,7,20, thiab tsis xaiv Pango kab. yog li txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog kev sib kis. Qhov thib ob, muaj qhov xav tau tsis tu ncua rau NGS nrog rau cov neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv kho mob mus txuas ntxiv mus soj ntsuam kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob kis thiab kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev soj ntsuam genomic zoo tso cai rau peb nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej hauv kev kis tus kab mob thiab ntsuas qhov kev hem thawj tam sim no ntawm VOCs tshwm sim. Peb tau pom qhov tsis tau muaj dua los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kis kab mob los ntawm cov tib neeg muaj kab mob los tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau pej xeem. Qhov kev sib koom tes no tau ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau pej xeem kom peb tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob kis kab mob, ua cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev kis kab mob, qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem, thiab qhia txog kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv3. Txawm hais tias GISAID muaj ntau dua 12 lab cov kab ke muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, cov kev sib txuas tam sim no tau poob qis dua 3. Kev tawg ntawm NGS suav los ntawm cov teb chaws tau pom nrog kev poob qis hauv North America thiab Europe (Fig. 2b). Qhov kev poob qis no cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub peev xwm ntawm peb lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb los soj ntsuam SARS-CoV-2 thiab COVID-19 raws li Pango cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog tsim los ntawm NGS cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tam sim no muaj genomic sequencing feem ntau tau tshaj tawm tias yog tus kab mob thawj zaug lossis rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis thawj zaug kis kab mob thiab rov ua dua tshiab NGS cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau tsis qhia ua ke rau tib tus neeg. Lub Denmark dataset qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm NGS cov ntaub ntawv rau ib tus neeg, uas yog txhais tau tias txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kev pheej hmoo rov qab los. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke tshwj xeeb hauv GISAID database vim tias muaj 21,708 cov lus piav qhia zoo los ntawm Denmark siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Tsawg dua 2,000 cov lus piav qhia ntxiv txog kev kis tus kab mob genomes muaj nyob thoob ntiaj teb nrog kev txwv tsis pub muaj cov ncauj lus nthuav dav thiab feem ntau cov neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas. Qhov loj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, nrog rau cov txheeb ze loj ntawm Denmark thiab cov pej xeem ceev, qiv nws tus kheej los pab txo kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam. Raws li kev rov ua dua tshiab tau dhau los ua ntau dua rau tsis yog kis tus kabmob thib ob nkaus xwb, tab sis tus kabmob thib peb thiab thib plaub, cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb tuaj yeem muab kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob sib kis tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas ze nrog ntau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam NGS ntawm cov qauv hauv lub sijhawm kom nkag siab tias tus kab mob hloov mus li cas hauv ib lub tswv tsev tshwj xeeb.
Kev rov ua kom rov zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud, tsis yog kev lom zem xws li lub sijhawm kaw thiab kev tiv thaiv xws li lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab ntau yam kev txwv. Lub teb chaws raug kaw tau muab tso rau hauv Denmark thaum Lub Peb Hlis 11, 2020, nrog ob lub sijhawm rov qhib dua sai sai tom qab lub Plaub Hlis 6 thiab Lub Tsib Hlis 27th. Kev kaw lub tebchaws thib ob tau muab tso rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 16th, 2020 nrog rov qhib dua tom qab hauv ob theem ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 16 thiab Lub Peb Hlis 1st, 2021. Txhua qhov kev txwv, xws li daim npog qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, qhov txwv loj ntawm kev sib sau, thiab kev txwv kev lag luam raug tshem tawm thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021. Txawm hais tias rov kho dua cov kev txwv no los pab txo tus kab mob kis txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021 txog Lub Ob Hlis 2022, 7084 Omicron reinfection kis tau pom nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau nce los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 6%, ib qib kev rov ua dua tsis tau pom dua ua ntej (Fig. 2a). Denmark tau dhau los ua thawj lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb uas txwv tsis pub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thawj zaug thaum lub Tsib Hlis 15, 2022. Qhov laj thawj tau hais tias 81% ntawm lub tebchaws tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab 62% tau txais koob thib peb thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2022. Kev xaus qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev kis tus kabmob thawj zaug thiab rov kis tus kabmob vim tias tseem muaj feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj hauv tebchaws Denmark 21–24. Ib qho kev txhawj xeeb hauv COVID-19 tus kab mob kis thoob qhov txhia chaw yog tias kev sib kis yuav tshwm sim hauv cov tib neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm cov kab sib txawv thiab lawv cov kab mob me me vim qhov poob qis ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob titers13,14. Peb tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov no hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb raws li cov metadata kis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hom, tus naj npawb ntawm cov koob tshuaj tau txais, thiab hnub tswj hwm tsis muaj nyob. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv metadata thiab ntau dua, xws li hnub nyoog lossis kev noj qab haus huv uas twb muaj lawm, tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev tshuaj xyuas rov ua dua tshiab ntawm qib kev tiv thaiv lossis kev pheej hmoo nrog ntau qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau siv hom metadata no rau kev tshuaj xyuas Omicron reinfection, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv NGS uas txhais tau tias Pango kab yog tsis nyob rau ntawm rtPCR25,26. Kev tshuaj xyuas hauv Qatar raug txwv los ntawm rtPCR tab sis xaus lus tias tawm tsam BA.4 lossis BA.5 tau nyob rau theem qis los ntawm qhov tsis yog-Omicron kab mob yav dhau los tab sis muaj zog dua tom qab Omicron kab mob. Cov tib neeg tseem muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tshiab txawm tias thawj tus kab mob sib txawv, tab sis qhov nthuav dav qhov no tsis tau hloov pauv ntau rau cov tib neeg tau txhaj tshuaj. Cov tib neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv me ntsis ntxiv tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kev tshawb pom los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv Qatar yog muab los ntawm qhov zoo rtPCR kev sim tsim los rau kev tshem tawm Spike protein ntau cuam tshuam nrog rau hnub ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, BA.4 lossis BA.5. Txij li thaum qhov kev tshem tawm no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam Omicron sub-lineages, BA.4, thiab BA.5, lawv tsis tuaj yeem sib cais rau kev tshuaj xyuas yam tsis muaj Pango kab lus pom zoo los ntawm NGS20. Peb ntseeg tau hais tias Next-generation sequencing of SARS CoV-2 samples yuav tsum txuas ntxiv nrog ntxiv ntawm metadata piav txog tus tswv tsev. Txawm hais tias qhov kev poob qis hauv kev sib txuas yog cuam tshuam, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib tus tib neeg cov ntaub ntawv hla ntau qhov chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb pom cov kev nkag siab tshiab ntawm COVID-19. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txuas rau tiam tom ntej sequencing rau tus kab mob genome txheeb xyuas, cov ntaub ntawv kho mob los tshuaj xyuas lub hnub nyoog thiab cov xwm txheej ua ntej, thiab cov ntaub ntawv metadata los taug qab lub sijhawm thiab rov ua dua tshiab.
cistanche cog-nce kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm reinfection, sequencing cov ntaub ntawv characterizing ob lub sij hawm ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab tus kab mob genome muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhua tus kab mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb los qhia meej cov lus pom zoo rau pej xeem noj qab haus huv thiab tsim cov tshuaj zoo, kav ntev. Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev rov ua dua tshiab nrog Omicron VOC tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov zaus ntau dua thiab lub sijhawm luv luv dua li pom rau lwm VOC ua ntej thaum muaj kev sib kis. Qhov no muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov neeg tsim kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tau nthuav tawm ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog no uas yuav xav tau txuas ntxiv NGS Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab tau txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm txhua tus neeg kis tus kab mob lossis rov ua rau tus neeg kis tus kab mob sib kis, metadata, thiab kev noj qab haus huv. cov ntaub ntawv.
Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev rov ua dua tshiab nrog Omicron VOC tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov zaus ntau dua thiab lub sijhawm luv luv dua li pom rau lwm VOC ua ntej thaum muaj kev sib kis; Txawm li cas los xij, peb lub peev xwm los ntsuas thiab ntsuas tus kab mob kis tau ploj zuj zus vim qhov txo qis nyiaj txiag / peev xwm / ua kom cov neeg mob tsis tu ncua.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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