Advantage Conferred Los Ntawm Ib Hmo Ntuj Pw Tsaug Zog Ntawm Schemarelated Memory Yuav Kawg Tsuas Ib Hnub Part 2
Jan 17, 2024
Kawm raws tu qauv
Cov neeg koom nrog tau muab faib rau pawg pw tsaug zog lossis activewake pawg. Cov neeg koom nrog ua tiav theem 1 los kawm txog schema tom qab ntawd tom qab 10-feeb so lawv ua tiav kev kawm blocks ntawm theem 2 los kawm cov schema-txog nrog rau cov tshiab hierarchy.
Yog li, dab tsi yog active awakening? Active awakening yog hais txog tib neeg lub peev xwm los nkag siab txog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, kev pib, thiab muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab teb rau tej yam. Thaum ib tug neeg nyob hauv lub xeev uas muaj kev ntxhov siab heev, nws lub ntsej muag yuav ntse dua, nws txoj kev xav yuav nrawm dua, thiab nws lub peev xwm nkag siab thiab nkag siab tej yam yuav muaj zog dua.
Thiab qhov kev xav siab no tseem tuaj yeem pab peb txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm arousal siab, ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm tsom ntau rau cov kev paub uas nws tau kawm thiab zoo khaws cov ntsiab lus nws tau kawm nyob rau hauv nws lub hlwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub xeev ntawm siab arousal kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg txoj kev xav tseem ceeb thiab txhim kho qhov tob thiab kev nco.
Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum txhim kho peb txoj kev paub thiab kev nco los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog txaus kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau peb txoj kev xav thiab kev nkag siab vim kev qaug zog ntau dhau. Qhov thib ob, peb kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom peb lub hlwb tsis tu ncua thiab txhawb peb txoj kev xav tseem ceeb los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv, kev xav, thiab lwm yam. Thaum kawg, peb kuj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kev hloov hauv ib puag ncig hauv peb lub neej, thiab kawm thiab nthuav tawm ntau yam tshiab. tej yam li ua tau los txhim kho peb lub peev xwm thiab kev nco.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, kev sib raug zoo ntawm active arousal thiab nco yog nyob ze thiab indispensable. Peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua tus coj zoo, tswj tus cwj pwm zoo, thiab niaj hnub siv zog thiab tawm tsam peb tus kheej kom txhim kho peb lub peev xwm thiab kev nco, kom ua tau zoo dua rau lub neej txoj kev cov nyom thiab cov cib fim. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev nco, thiab Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco, vim Cistanche deserticola tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov neurotransmitters, xws li nce qib ntawm acetylcholine thiab kev loj hlob. Cov khoom no tseem ceeb heev rau kev nco thiab kev kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, Nqaij kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntshav khiav thiab txhawb nqa cov pa oxygen, uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub hlwb tau txais cov as-ham txaus thiab lub zog, yog li txhim kho lub hlwb tseem ceeb thiab kev ua siab ntev.
Nyem paub ntxiv los txhim kho kev nco
Lawv raug sim tom qab ib ntus 12-teev (pw tsaug zog-tso) lub sijhawm, ua raws li kev sim thib ob 24 teev tom qab thawj zaug kev sib tham. Kev pw tsaug zog tau saib xyuas siv ob qho tib si polysomnography (PSG) thiab actigraphy (Daim duab 1).
Schema-kev kawm paradigm
Txawm hais tias ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txaus siab tshiab tshiab hauv zej zog neuroscience los kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib koom, zoo li tsis muaj kev pom zoo rau qhov tsim nyog aschema. Qhov no tau pab txhawb rau heterogeneity nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Nws tau raug pom zoo tias kev ua haujlwm txhais ntawm schemas suav nrog "kev sib tshooj, kev sib koom ua ke kev paub sawv cev" uas muaj peb yam nram qab no: kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev nco; muaj qhov muaj zog thiab hloov tau zoo thaum sib tw los ntawm cov khoom tshiab tsis sib haum, thiab ua kom yooj yim cov kev xav tshiab dav dav txog qhov tau kawm ncaj qha [28].
Ib qho schema-raws li kev kawm paradigm raws li kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau siv hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no [26] uas suav nrog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb no. Qhov no paradigmha tau siv nyob rau hauv ua ntej tej hauj lwm [29–31].
Lub ntsiab paradigm muaj ob theem tseem ceeb raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2 thiab tau piav qhia hauv qab no. Peb suav nrog cov lus tawm tswv yim ua kom pom tseeb ntxiv thoob plaws cov kev kawm, vim qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov kev txhawb nqa meej meej thaum kawm yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev pw tsaug zog-kev pab cuam rau kev hloov pauv [15]. Lub ntsiab paradigm muaj peb theem tseem ceeb raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2 thiab tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tus txheej txheem
Thawj schema tsim muaj ob ntu nrog lub sijhawm 10- ntu ntu: (theem 1) los ua thawj schema ua raws li (theem 2): schema-related memory integration thiab kawm theno-schema condition. Tom qab ua tiav theem 2, cov neeg tuaj koom tau txais kev sim tam sim thiab ncua sij hawm tom qab 12 teev uas muaj kev pw tsaug zog-ua kom tsaug zog, thiab kev sim zaum kawg 24 teev tom qab qhov pib encoding (Daim duab 1).
Kauj Ruam 1: Kawm cov schema rau cov txheej txheem
Cov neeg tuaj koom yuav tsum tau kawm qhov kev txiav txim kom raug ntawm cov khoom hauv 7- cov khoom teeb tsa muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hnub nyoog hierarchy ntawm galaxies. Cov txheej txheem kev kawm cuam tshuam nrog kev sim thiab ua yuam kev nrog rau kev tawm tswv yim zoo, hloov pauv ntawm kev kawm thiab kev sim ntsuas, kom txog thaum cov neeg koom ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau dua 85% raug.
Thaum lub sij hawm kawm blocks, cov neeg koom tau pom ob lub galaxies uas nyob ib sab nyob rau hauv lub hierarchy (B-C, F-E, A-B, D-C, thiab lwm yam) rau 3 vib nas this thiab raug nug: "Lub galaxy twg yog laus dua?" Cov neeg koom tes tau txhawb kom muaj kev koom tes hauv kev kawm thiab muab cov lus teb.
Cov lus teb kom raug yog tsom rau ntsuab, tsis hais seb lawv teb los yog tsis. Cov khub uas tsis nyob ib sab (B–D, C–E, B–E, thiab lwm yam) tsis tau nthuav tawm thaum kawm.
Txhua qhov kev kawm block tau ua tiav los ntawm qhov sib thooj testblock qhov twg cov neeg koom tau pom ib khub galaxies thiab qhia tias yam khoom twg laus dua. Lawv tau pom cov khub kawm uas nyob ib sab nrog rau cov khoom tsis nyob ib sab (inference khub) uas tsis tau ntsib thaum kawm (Daim duab 2A–B).
Tsis muaj cov lus teb tau muab. Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no kom raug, cov neeg koom ua qhov kev txiav txim siab hloov pauv (piv txwv li yog A> B thiab B> C ces A> C).
Qhov no theem tau xaus thaum 85% raug mus txog. Raws li kev sim thiab kev ua haujlwm ua ntej peb tau npaj rau qhov siab tshaj ntawm 20 qhov kev kawm thiab kev sim ntsuas kom ua tiav 85% qhov tseeb. Qhov nruab nrab kwv yees li 10 qhov kev kawm blocks xav tau kom mus txog qhov ntsuas (M=9.6, SD=3.9).
Theem 2: schema-related memory integrationand kawm tsis-schema mob
Cov theem no koom nrog kev kawm ntawm ib qho tshiab hierarchy ntawm galaxiesthat txawm leveraged ntawm qhov tau txais schema (schema mob) lossis muaj cov khoom tsis tau ntsib ua ntej (tsis muaj schemacondition). Hauv qhov xwm txheej schema, cov neeg koom yuav tsum tau kawm cov hierarchy tshiab uas tau cuam tshuam nrog cov galaxies los ntawm theem 1 thaum tuav tib qhov kev txiav txim siab. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj-schema mob, cov neeg koom tau nthuav tawm nrog ib qho tshiab hierarchy. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ob qho tib si schema thiab tsis muaj schemasets muaj cov nyob ib sab thiab inference khub zoo ib yam li theem 1.Critically, cov inference test sim muaj tsuas yog tshiab galaxies rau ob qho tib si hierarchies.
Cov txheej txheem tau zoo ib yam rau cov theem dhau los thiab cov neeg koom nrog rau 6 qhov kev hloov pauv kev kawm thiab kev sim ntsuas rau ob qho tib si schema thiab tsis-schema teeb tsa hauv ib qho kev sib cuam tshuam. Tag nrho cov khoom, sab xis / sab laug kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub vijtsam, qhov kev txiav txim sib txuas, thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm khub tau randomized thiab counterbalanced nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov theem (Daim duab 2A–B).
Hierarchy recall test ua ib qho kev ntsuas los kuaj freerecall
Thaum kawg, cov neeg koom tau muab ob lub hnab ntawv txhua tus uas muaj cov duab galaxy ntawm schema / tsis yog-schema teeb tsa sib xyaw ua ke thiab tau ua haujlwm nrog kev tsim kho qhov tseeb ntawm galaxies nyob rau hauv txhua hierarchy los ntawm tus yau mus rau tus hlob los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis ntawm lub rooj.
Zoo ib yam li computertests hierarchy recall test kuj counterbalanced nrog cov naj npawb ntawm lub hnab ntawv thiab cov lus qhia uas yuav qhib ua ntej.
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg koom tau raug soj ntsuam raws li tag nrho cov kev ua yuam kev uas tau ua nyob rau hauv reordering lub galaxies, siv ib txoj kev uas penalizes qhov chaw tsis raug ntawm ib yam khoom uas cuam tshuam rau qhov sib txawv ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm raug [32].
Software thiab duab qhov chaw
Cov duab Galaxy tau txais los ntawm HubbleSite qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntawm (https://hubblesite.org/images). Cov stimuliwere tsim siv E-Prime 2.0 software (Psychology SoftwareTools, Inc., Sharpsburg, PA).
PSG cov ntaub ntawv nrhiav thiab txheeb xyuas
Electroencephalography (EEG) tau ua los ntawm kev siv aSOMNOtouch recorder (SOMNOmedics GmbH, Randersacker, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) ntawm ob lub hauv paus channel, C3 thiab C4, hais txog lub contralateral mastoids (A1, A2), thiab Cz thiab Fpz ascommon reference thiab av electrodes raws li thoob ntiaj teb 10- 20 qhov system.
Electrooculography (EOG) thiab electromyography (EMG) ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub puab tsaig kuj tau sau tseg rau kev pw tsaug zog. Lub impedance tau khaws cia hauv qab 5 kΩ ua ntej pib sau.
Cov ntaub ntawv PSG tau raug kuaj pom thawj zaug thiab tom qab ntawd nws pib-score siv Z3Score algorithm (https://z3score.com), uas tau dhau los ua pov thawj thiab pom tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kws tshaj lij. Tsis tas li ntawd, FASST EEG toolbox (http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~phillips/FASST.html) wasutilized [33].
Cov theem pw tsaug zog (N1, N2, N3, REM, thiab WASO) tau qhab nia raws li 30- lub sijhawm thib ob uas siv cov qauv teev tseg hauv American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual (AASM) [34].Ob cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ntau tshaj 10% artifacts raug cais tawm ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zaum kawg.
Cov laj thawj rau kev tshem tawm suav nrog kev txiav tawm ntxov ntawm kev kaw los ntawm lub cuab yeej lossis cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo rau kev pw tsaug zog, piv txwv li, vim cov electrodes poob thaum hmo ntuj. Slow-wave kev ua si (SWA), thiab qeeb-waveenergy raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog delta band (0.5–4 Hz) tau suav nrog siv cov kev tshaj tawm yav dhau los [35, 36].
Spindle detection
Lub pob Wonambi Python, v5.24 (https://wonambi-python.github.io) tau ua haujlwm rau kev tshawb nrhiav tsis siv neeg spindle siv avalidated algorithm [35]. Spindles tau muab cais ua qeeb (9–12Hz), lossis nrawm (12–15 Hz) [35], thiab tau kuaj pom rau ob theem N2 thiab N3 pw tsaug zog. Spindle suav thiab spindle ceev (suav perminute) tau siv los ua qhov tseem ceeb spindle metrics [37]. Peb tau kuaj xyuas 10 tus neeg koom nrog cov qauv los txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj pom tsis siv neeg (kom paub meej ntxiv saib Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv).
Kev txheeb cais
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev nco tau raug ntsuas ob qho tib si ntawm lub khoos phis tawj kuaj los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom (% yog), nrog rau cov lej ntawm kev rov qab los yuam kev hauv hierarchy recall test. Rau txhua theem hauv ob pab pawg, peb tau soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev nco siv ANOVAto sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev nco nrog kev kawm schema (schema, tsis yog-schema), thiab cov kev sim (tam sim ntawd, ncua sijhawm: 12hours / 24 teev) raws li cov neeg koom nrog, thiab consolidation mob (pw tsaug zog, sawv) raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg koom nrog.
Kev hloov pauv hauv kev nco tom qab lub sijhawm 12-teev lub sijhawm ntawm (pw tsaug zog-tso) kuj tau tshuaj xyuas siv ANOVA sib xyaw nrog cov neeg koom nrog hauv schema (schema, tsis muaj-schema) thiab hom khub (nyob ib sab, inference) thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev sib koom ua ke (pw tsaug zog-sawv).
Qhov tam sim ntawd thiab ncua sij hawm 12-teev/24- teev testresults tau muab piv nrog post hoc ywj siab kuaj thiab ua khub t-tests. Peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov koom haum ntawm cov theem pw tsaug zog thiab ntsuas spindle nrog lub cim xeeb kev ua tau zoo, qhov loj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cim xeeb (Schema-No-schema), thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev rov qab ua yuam kev hauv kev ntsuam xyuas tom qab nocturnal zaug siv Spearman qhov kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo.
P-tus nqi tsawg dua 0.05 tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev txheeb xyuas tau ua tiav siv MATLAB version R2017b (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA) thiab SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York).
Cov txiaj ntsig
Thawj schema kawm nyob rau theem 1, thiab kev ua tau zoo hauv theem 2 rau kev pw tsaug zog thiab wakegroups
Kev kawm thawj zaug ntawm schema, nyob rau theem 1 yog sib piv ntawm pawg pw tsaug zog thiab sawv. Cov qauv kev ywj pheej t-kev ntsuam xyuas tau qhia tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev sim uas yuav tsum tau ua kom ncav cuag qhov ntsuas hauv theem 1 hauv kev pw tsaug zog (M=9.3, SD=4.7), piv rau pawg sawv (M { {7}}.9, SD=3.1), t(51)=1.42, p=0.158. ]
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv qhov kev ua tau zoo rau qhov tsis yog qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab qhov kev sib txuas ua ke hauv theem 1 (t Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.59, p Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.12). Rau kev ua tau zoo hla cov kev sim ntsuas hauv theem 2, rov ntsuas ANOVA Nrog kev kawm schema (schema, tsis muaj-schema), thiab thaiv (rau theem) raws li cov neeg koom nrog, thiab kev sib koom ua ke (pw tsaug zog, sawv) raws li cov neeg koom nrog pom cov teebmeem tseem ceeb ntawm schema, F(1,51)=50.66, p < 0.001, η p2=0.49, thiab thaiv, F( 5,255)=14.03, p < 0.001, η p2=0.21, tab sis tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, F(1,51)=0.27, p {{30} }.60; qhia txog kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo hauv cov txheej txheem schema thiab kev txhim kho thoob plaws cov kev kawm blocks rau ob pawg pw tsaug zog thiab sawv.
Critically, kev kawm thawj zaug ntawm schema thiab tsis-schema setat Theem 2 tau muab piv rau ntawm pawg pw tsaug zog thiab sawv, nrog rau kev sib piv ntawm ob qho tib si schemas teeb tsa nyob rau theem 2, F(1,51)=0.27, p=0.6{{10}}}, as well as the final block,t(51) Less than or equal to 0.67, p Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 0.51.
Ib yam li ntawd, ob pawg ua tau zoo sib xws ntawm qhov kev sim tam sim tom ntej, t(51)=1.207, p=0.233. Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog kev kawm txoj hauv kev thaum lub sij hawm theem 2 thiab kev ua haujlwm thaiv qib hauv ob pawg, thov mus saib Daim Duab 4 ntxiv.
For more information:1950477648nn@gmail.com
