Kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov haujlwm lom neeg ntawm kas fes

Lus Cim: Kas fes, yog ib qho ntawm peb cov dej qab zib tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, belongs rau Coffea (Rubiaceae), uas tuaj yeemtxo cov ntshav qab zib, thiabtiv thaiv lub siab thiab neuro. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm kas fes yog nplua nuj, suav nrogalkaloids, phenolic acid,flavonoids, terpene, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg thiab tsim cov yam ntxwv tsw ntawm kas fes. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm kas fes tau raug tshuaj xyuas, uas yuav muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab kev txhawb nqa theoretical rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam kas fes.

Lo lus tseem ceeb: Kas fes;Cov khoom xyaw tshuaj;Cov dej num lom neeg; Saib xyuas

Kas fes yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm Rubiaceae (Coffea) genus, ib txwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb Africa, feem ntau faib rau ob peb lub tebchaws xws li South America, Central America, Africa thiab Asia. Muaj 66 hom kas fes hauv 4 pawg, feem ntau hu ua hom loj-grained (C. liberica), hom nruab nrab-grained (C. robusta), hom me-grained (C. arabica) thiab ethelza ntawm cov kas fes tiag. pawg (Eucoffea). Hom (C. excelsa), ntawm cov kas fes me me muaj qhov tsw qab thiab zoo zoo [1].

Xyoo 1892, cov tub txib Fab Kis teb tau qhia kas fes rau hauv Binchuan County, Yunnan Province rau kev cog qoob loo, thiab nws tau txuas ntxiv mus. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj kas fes feem ntau loj hlob hauv Yunnan thiab Hainan, thiab ntau dua 99 feem pua ​​​​tau muab faib rau hauv Yunnan [2], nrog Dehong, Pu'er, Baoshan, Xishuangbanna thiab Lincang yog cov tseem ceeb, thiab Yunnan cov kas fes me me muaj. tau raug soj ntsuam raws li lub ntiaj teb cov kas fes zoo los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm International Coffee Organization. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "Suav Materia Medica", kas fes yog me ntsis iab, astringent, thiab tiaj tus;

Rau qhov tsis muaj lub siab xav, nws feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho tshuaj ntsuab, diuretic thiab mob plab. Raws li kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv, cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv kas fes feem ntau muaj xws li alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenes, sterol lipids thiab volatile Cheebtsam, thiab lwm yam, uas muaj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm insulin rhiab heev, txhim kho cov piam thaj metabolism, tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib thiab daim siab tiv thaiv. thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm pharmacological. Daim ntawv no tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv kas fes thiab lawv cov haujlwm lom neeg, txhawm rau muab kev txhawb nqa theoretical rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam kas fes.

Cistanche Coffee nplua nuj nyob rau hauvalkaloid tivthaiv

1 Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm kas fes

1.1 Alkaloids

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, caffeine) yog lub ntsiabalkaloid tivthaivnyob rau hauv kas fes berries thiab qhov chaw ntawm kas fes bitterness. Nws yog dav nyob rau hauv tshuaj yej, cocoa thiab kas fes, thiab yog siv dav siv tshuaj psychotropic ib. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias caffeine tuaj yeem txo qis amnesia vim qhov tsis nco qab hauv cov neeg laus, thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative xws liAlzheimer tus kab mob(AD) [3],Tus kab mob Parkinson(PIB) [4]. Kev kawm ntawm Arendash et al. [5] pom tias kev noj caffeine tsawg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev nco hauv nas; Zeitlin et al. [6] lees paub tias caffeine tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv AD los ntawm kev txhawb nqa txoj sia nyob ntawm striatal thiab cortical hlwb hauv lub hlwb thiab inhibiting txoj kev apoptosis. Nakaso et al[7] tau lees paub tias caffeine tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ua ntawm caspase-3 ntawm cysteine ​​thiab txo cov kev tawg ntawm nuclear los ntawm PD qauv ntawm tib neeg pob txha pob txha neuroblastoma cell kab (SH-SY5Y). thiab tus naj npawb ntawm apoptotic aggregates. Caffeine kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo cov pa tawm ntawm cov ntshav-hlwb barrier (BBB) ​​tshwm sim los ntawm 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) thiab inhibit BBB kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo [8]. Kev noj tshuaj caffeine tsis tu ncua pab txhim kho hemiparesis stroke. Sun et al [9] tau tshaj tawm tias caffeine tau txais kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev mob stroke los ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Caffeine kuj tau cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj ntshav qab zib [10]. Trigonelline yog ib qho pyridine derivative uas txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab thaum lub sij hawm kas fes roasting, xws li N-methylpyridine (NMP), uas yog thermal degradation khoom ntawm trigonelline thaum kas fes roasting [11].

Cistanche Kas fes tiv thaivAlzheimer tus kab mob

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau thiab ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm trigonelline tau ua, thiab nws cov nqi lom neeg tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Liu et al. [12] qhia tias trigonelline tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav qab zib, nce kev qhia ntawm cov hlwb insulin, thiab tswj cov lus teb inflammatory; los ntawm down-regulating cov lus qhia ntawm caspase 3, inhibiting ib feem apoptosis ntawm cov hlwb thiab ua rau cov kev ua ntawm antioxidant enzymes, yog li txo cov ntshav qab zib hom 1 nyob rau hauv nas. Ginsenoside Rb1 thiab trigonelline tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm lub raum mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev tswj cov kev qhia ntawm mir-3550 thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Wnt/ -catenin signaling pathway [13]. Trigonelline muaj peev xwm kho tau cov kab mob plawv ntawm colitis [14]. Trigonelline muaj cov teebmeem neuroprotective thiab yog cov tshuaj zoo rau kev kho cov kab mob neurodegenerative [15]. Fahanik-Babaei et al. [16] qhia tias trigonelline tuaj yeem txhim kho kev paub thiab txo qis paj hlwb; nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob siab lipid thiab lipotoxicity tshwm sim los ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) siab thiab noj zaub mov muaj roj los ntawm kev rov ua kom lub siab autophagy [16]. 17]; inhibits plab microbial metabolism ntawm choline thiab nws txoj kev pheej hmoo mob plawv [18].

Tsis tas li ntawd, kas fes kuj muaj theobromine (theobromine), theophylline (theophyline) thiab nicotinic acid (nicotinic acid). Joseph et al. [19] qhia tias muaj 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid (theacrine), liberine, thiab methyllibetine hauv kas fes nplooj (Table 1).

1.2 Phenolic acids thiab lawv cov derivatives

Tam sim no, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (phydroxybenzoic acid), vanillic acid (vanillic acid), p-coumaric acid (p-coumaric acid), ferulic acid (ferulic acid), chlorogenic acid (chlorogenic acid) tau cais los ntawm kas fes), caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, 3-O -Feruloyl-4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-Oferuloyl-4-O- caffeoylquinic acid), 3-O-caffeoyl-4-O feruloylquinic acid (3-O-caffeoyl-4- O-feruloylquinic acid) thiab lwm yam phenolic acids thiab caffeic acid derivatives (Table 2 ).

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) yog lub ntsiab phenolic acid compound nrog lom zog xws li hypolipidemic, antioxidant, thiab antibacterial. Nishi et al. [22] qhia tias chlorogenic acid tuaj yeem txo cov roj cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein tsawg, thiab nce lipoprotein ceev; Xu et al. [23] lees paub qhov kev ua ntawm chlorogenic acid thiab DNA tiv thaiv. Shi[24] qhia tias chlorogenic acid tuaj yeem thim rov qab corticosterone (CORT)-induced autophagy thiab apoptosis hauv PC12 hlwb, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tswj AKT / mTOR txoj hauv kev ntawm PC12 hlwb; Su et al [25] qhia tias chlorogenic acid tuaj yeem tiv thaiv aeruginosa Pseudomonas P1 hlwb

intracellular metabolism hauv exert antibacterial nyhuv. Chlorogenic acid tuaj yeem txo qhov nqus thiab nqus ntawm Cd hauv jejunum thiab tiv thaiv txoj hnyuv [26]. Kev kuaj ntshav qabzib ntawm tib neeg lub qhov ncauj rau 2 h tau lees paub tias chlorogenic acid thiab trigonelline muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo qis cov piam thaj thaum ntxov thiab insulin teb [27]. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub thermal degradation ntawm CGA nyob rau hauv lub kas fes roasting txheej txheem ua rau cov tsim ntawm iab phenolic tebchaw thiab phenolic aromatic tebchaw. CGA tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov xim kas fes los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov pob txha ntawm melanin, uas yog lub ntsiab ua rau kas fes pigmentation thiab astringency. vim li cas.

1.3 Flavonoids

Flavonoids yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag uas muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag ntuj thiab muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no xws li antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory thiab antibacterial [31-33]. Cov kas fes me me muaj flavonoids xws li catechin, epicatechin, thiab quercetin (table 3).

1.4 TSI

Kas fes muaj ntau cov terpenoids, feem ntau yog p-kauran thiab cafestol diterpenes, ntawm cov cafestol, cafestol thiab 16-O-methyl cafestol muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj. 16-O-Methylcaffeol tau siv los ua tus cim kom paub qhov txawv me me kas fes los ntawm cov kas fes hauv nruab nrab. Gunning[38] siv 600 MHz NMR thiab LC-MS los ntes 16-O-methylcaffeol thiab 16-O-Methylcaffeicol. Hauv xyoo tas los no, Qiu Minghua et al. [39–42] cais thiab txheeb xyuas plaub yam tshiab para-kauri-type diterpenoid glycosides (mascarosides I~II, paniculoside VI thiab cofaryloside I), ib qho para-marina ntxaib paj los ntawm cov taum kas fes me me. Alkane-type diterpenoid glycosides (villanovane I) thiab 7 p-kauri-type diterpene glycosides; 5 tau raug cais tawm ntawm cov taum nyoos thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau HL60, A{26}}, SMMC-7721, MCF-7 thiab SW480 qog cell kab. Inhibitory Pair-Shells

fir-type diterpenes (mascaroside III ~ V thiab 20-nor-cofaryloside I ~ II), 8 tshiab kas fes diterpene lactones (caffarolides A ~ H), ntawm cov caffarolides C, D thiab F muaj qee yam kev ua ntawm activating platelet aggregation Nyob rau hauv vitro, induction tus nqi ntawm 310-4 g / mL yog (11.4 ± 1.

5.5%), (15.8 ± 5.6) feem pua ​​thiab (7.8 ± 3.3) feem pua; 4 para-kauri-type diterpenes (caffruenol A, caffruenol B, caffruolide A thiab caffruolide B) raug cais tawm ntawm lub hnub taum, thiab Lipopolysaccharide-induced NO ntau lawm hauv 264.7 macrophages raug inhibited. Kas fes kuj muaj triterpenes. Wang et al. [43] thawj zaug cais plaub yam tshiab dammarane-hom triterpenes (caffruones A~D) los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav ntawm Yunnan me kas fes. Qhov no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov hom terpenoids hauv kas fes, thiab muab ntau qhov kev siv rau kev kawm tob txog Yunnan me-grain kas fes. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm terpenoid active Cheebtsam hauv kas fes mas tsom rau cafestol thiab kahweol. Hiroaki et al. [44] tau tshaj tawm tias kaffiryl acetate thiab cafestol muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev raws li koob tshuaj. Suck et al. [45] qhia tias kahweol inhibited qog nqaij hlav cancer ntawm lub mis proliferation thiab induced cell tuag los ntawm inducing ib tug caspase 3- nyob ntawm txoj kev. Lima et al. [46] tau kawm txog cov nyhuv cafestol ntawm NB4, K562, HL60 thiab KG1 leukemia cell kab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cafestol muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob leukemia.

HL60 thiab KG1 hlwb yog cov cytotoxic tshaj plaws, txo qhov kev loj hlob ntawm HL60 hlwb los ntawm 100 feem pua. Ferdrik et al [47] tau qhia tias thaum qhov concentration ntawm cafestol yog 10-8 thiab 10-6 mol / L, nws tuaj yeem nce insulin secretion los ntawm 12 feem pua ​​​​thiab 16 feem pua ​​​​, raws li, thiab los ntawm kev raug mus ntev, nws tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. 34 feem pua ​​​​thiab 68 feem pua ​​​​, thiab Ntawm 10–8 mol / L, qhov nce ntawm cov piam thaj los ntawm tib neeg cov leeg pob txha tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm 8 feem pua. Seo et al. [48] ​​tau tshaj tawm tias kahweol tuaj yeem txo qhov tsim ntawm interleukins 1 , 1 , 6 thiab qog necrosis vim lipopolysaccharide, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lipopolysaccharide-induced daim siab mob.

1.5 Cov tshuaj tsw qab

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, tib neeg pib kawm kas fes taum flavour tebchaw, thiab nyob rau xyoo 1970, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cov taum ntsuab thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab hauv roasted kas fes tau tshaj tawm [53]. Cell phab ntsa polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, sucrose, chlorogenic acid, caffeine thiab trigonelline yog lub ntsiab cia sib txuas ntawm cov noob kas fes paub tab, thiab cov tshuaj no tsim kas fes aroma tsuas yog los ntawm Maillard cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, Strecker degradation, thiab caramelization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm roasting. Feem ntau muaj 28 hom tshuaj tsw qab hauv kas fes [54], (1) aldehydes thiab ketones muaj feem xyuam rau caramel saj / qab zib: isobutyraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, 2, 3-butyraldehyde diketone, 2, 3-pentanedione, 4-hydroxy-2, 5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 5-ethyl{18}}hydroxy -2-methyl{20}}(2H)- Furanones thiab vanillins; (2) Sulfur-muaj cov tshuaj txuam nrog sulfur/roasting tsw: 2-furfurylthiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 3-methylthiopropanal, 3-thiol -Butyl { {31}}methyl-1-carboxylate, 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol, methyl mercaptan, thiab dimethyl trisulfide compounds; (3) Pyrazine tebchaw yog txuam nrog av tsw ntxhiab: 2 -Ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-vinyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine, 2 ,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine, 2-vinyl-3- Ethyl-5-methylpyrazine thiab 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine; (4) Phenols, aldehydes ntsig txog cov pa luam yeeb/phenolic aromas: guaiacol, 4-ethyl guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, thiab (F)-beta-damascenone; (5) furanones txuam nrog pungency: 3-hydroxy-4, 5- Dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone thiab 3-hydroxy-4-methyl{ {65}}ethyl-2(5H)-furanone. Sau npe

Yi et al[55] txheeb xyuas aldehydes, furans, phenols, thiazoles, alkenes, alkanes, esters, ketones, pyrroles, thiophenes, carboxylic acids los ntawm chav distillation ib feem ntawm kas fes roj. , 12 hom volatile Cheebtsam tsuas yog tsim los ntawm pyrazine. [56] txheeb xyuas 77 yam tsis muaj zog xws li cawv, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, hydrocarbons thiab nitrogen oxides los ntawm Lao kas fes. Hafsah et al. [57] siv roj chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) los txheeb xyuas 101 cov tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj los ntawm cov paj kas fes nruab nrab, thiab tag nrho ntawm 72 cov tshuaj tsis hloov pauv tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov taum kas fes.

1.6 Lwm cov khoom xyaw

Tsis tas li ntawd, kas fes kuj muaj anthrone compounds mangiferin (mangiferin) thiab isomangiferin (isomangiferin), coumarin compounds scopoletin (scopoletin), thiab carotenoids thiab lutein compounds [28]. Cov taum kas fes me me kuj muaj serotonin compounds scorodocarpines D ~ F [58]. Cov noob kas fes muaj -sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, cholesterol, 5-avenasterol, 7-avenasterol (7-avenasterol), 7-stigmastenol (7-stigmastenol) thiab lwm yam sterol Cheebtsam [59]; lipids feem ntau suav nrog myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, txiv laum huab xeeb roj, thiab lwm yam. [59].

2 Kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm kas fes

Kas fes muaj ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg, uas muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm lom neeg xws li antioxidant, lipid-txo, ntshav qab zib, thiab kev tiv thaiv neuroprotection.

2.1 Antioxidant

Yashin et al. [60] tau ua tiav kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm kas fes, suav nrog hauv vitro antioxidant kev tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam, thiab taw qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus antioxidant ntawm roasted kas fes tau piv rau cov tshuaj yej, cocoa, thiab liab caw, thiab Chlorogenic acid, lub ntsiab antioxidant hauv kas fes taum, tau txo qis tom qab ci.

2.2 Lipid-txo cov nyhuv

Duangjai et al. [61] siv 3T3-L1 adipocytes los ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kas fes cherries ntawm cov xim sib txawv (ntsuab, daj, thiab liab) ntawm lipogenesis thiab/los yog lipolysis, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias ntsuab kas fes cherries ntawm cov xim sib txawv nyob hauv 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Txhua tus muaj lipogenesis-inhibiting kev ua si, thiab liab qhuav kas fes tuaj yeem txo cov rog los ntawm li 47 feem pua. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov kas fes extract lub ntsiab Cheebtsam (malic acid, quinic acid, thiab chlorogenic acid) tshwj tsis yog daj tshiab kas fes nce glycerol tso.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev tshawb fawb kuj tau lees paub tias cov kas fes me me tuaj yeem txo cov roj cholesterol hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo los ntawm inhibiting plab hnyuv cholesterol absorption los ntawm down-regulating LXR kev ua haujlwm modulated los ntawm NPC1L thiab tsim cov micellar complexes.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cawv [62].

2.3 Hypoglycemia

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (DM) yog ib hom kab mob ntev uas muaj cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov txheeb ze lossis tsis muaj insulin kiag li. Kev kho mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau yog los ntawm kev kho tshuaj thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj haus. Cov caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv kas fes txhua tus muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv ntshav qab zib. Sake et al. [63] tau tshawb fawb txog cov nyhuv hypoglycemic ntawm cov kas fes me me thiab nws cov nplooj ethanol extract, thiab kas fes extract tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm nas. Cafetol muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, ua kom cov piam thaj-stimulated insulin secretion thiab nce qabzib los ntawm tib neeg cov leeg nqaij pob txha [64].

2.4 Neuro tiv thaiv

Kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob kis tau qhia tias kev haus kas fes ib txwm tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawmAlzheimer tus kab mob[65], thiab qhov kev haus kas fes hauv cov txiv neej nrog thawjTus kab mob Parkinsonyog inversely txuam nrog tremor hnyav [66]. Hauv APP/PS2 transgenic nas qauv ntawmAlzheimer tus kab mob, nws tau lees paub tias chlorogenic acid hauv kas fes tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb. Immunohistochemical tsom xam pom tias kas fes polyphenols txo cov plaques hauv amyloid beta (A) hippocampus.

2.5 Lwm cov haujlwm

Lub crude extract ntawm pericarp ntawm Yunnan me me kas fes muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv thiab rov qab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg cov hlab ntsha endothelial hlwb [67]. Kev siv ua ke ntawm kas fes extract thiab Vc tuaj yeem siv zoganti-tumor nyhuv[68]. Cov methanolic extract ntawm ntsuab kas fes taum muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob [69]. Kas fes muajhepatoprotective teebmeem, thiab haus kas fes txo covkev pheej hmoo ntawm hepatocellular carcinoma recurrencethiabnce txoj hauv kev muaj sia nyob tom qab hloov daim siab orthotopic[70]. Kas fes yog inversely txuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm nonalcoholic fatty siab kab mob [71].

3 Outlook

Raws li ib qho ntawm peb cov dej haus loj hauv ntiaj teb, kas fes muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog peb lub neej txhua hnub. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kas fes yog ib qho tseem ceeb txuas mus ntxiv txhim kho thiab txhim kho kev siv kas fes. Tam sim no, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam kas fes yog tsis muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov nqi qis ntxiv. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam kas fes, kuv lub teb chaws cov lag luam kas fes tau nquag tshawb nrhiav cov tshuab ua haujlwm sib sib zog nqus ntawm kas fes, thiab sib zog ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov xwm txheej no yuav tsum yog los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tob tob ntawm kas fes hauv kuv lub tebchaws.

(1) Kas fes yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv chemical Cheebtsam, uas yog tus yuam sij rau kev cuam tshuam cov lom lom thiab tsw ntawm kas fes. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog nws cov tshuaj lom neeg yuav yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab nce qib kev tshawb fawb kas fes, nrog rau tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho kas fes tsw.

(2) Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb dav dav thiab tob tob hauv kas fes, kev siv dav dav yuav yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab kev siv kas fes, xws li paj kas fes, kas fes nplooj, kas fes residues, thiab lwm yam. Kas fes paj muaj cov tshuaj nquag xws li phenols, caffeine thiab trigonelline, uas muaj peev xwm antioxidant thiab muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau hauv cov suab thaj lom. Qhov thib ob, nplooj kas fes muaj tsawg dua caffeine thiab tuaj yeem siv los hloov tshuaj yej.

(3) Qhov zoo ntawm Yunnan me-grain kas fes yog qhov zoo, thiab nws cov diterpenoids yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txiav txim siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsw los txhim kho kas fes zoo.

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