Kev Tshawb Fawb Sib Piv Ntawm Cov Cuam Tshuam Ntawm Curcumin Thiab Nws Cov Nanoparticles Ntawm Kev Loj Hlob, Kev Tiv Thaiv Thiab Kub Kub Kev Tiv Thaiv Ntawm Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)
May 10, 2023
Txoj kev tshawb no tau soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog dawb- lossis nano-curcumin ntawm kev loj hlob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev kub ntxhov ntawm Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Xya lub isonitrogenous (28 feem pua cov protein) thiab isocaloric (445 kcal / 100 g DM) noj zaub mov tau npaj. Rau kev noj haus tau ntxiv nrog peb theem ntawm nano-curcumin (50 (CN50), 100 (CN100), 200 (CN200) mg kg-1 noj) lossis dawb-curcumin (50 (C50), 100 (C100), 200 (C200). ) mg kg-1 noj zaub mov), thiab tswj kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv (CON). Ntses (13.54 ± 0.32 g) (txhais tau tias ± SD) tau noj cov zaub mov sim rau 65 hnub.
Tom qab kev sim pub mis, cov ntses tau raug mob kub ntxhov los ntawm maj mam nce cov dej kub ntawm 25 mus rau 40 degree hauv 3 teev. Tom qab ntawd cov ntses tau raug rau 40 degree rau 4 h. Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm qhov zoo tshaj ntawm nano-curcumin tshaj nws daim ntawv dawb hauv kev txhim kho txoj kev loj hlob, nrog cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws tau txais ntawm CN100, ua raws li CN200. Tsuas yog kev ntxhov siab kub, tsis yog kev sim noj, nce cov platelets, txhais tau tias lub cev ntim (MCV), txhais tau tias lub cev hemoglobin (MCH), leukocytes, thiab neutrophils suav, thaum lymphocytes txo.
Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum tshav kub kub ntxhov siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem rau lub cev, xws li kub siab, qis kub, tshaib plab, thiab hypoxia. Cov kev cov nyom no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev sab nraud uas ua rau lub cev muaj kev ntxhov siab. Tom qab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev hloov pauv, lub cev tuaj yeem txhim kho muaj zog tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov. Tib lub sijhawm, kev ntxhov siab kub kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv. Tom qab kev ntxhov siab ntev ntev, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav raug puas tsuaj rau qee yam. Lub cev tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev kub ntxhov ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv cov neeg mob thiab txo cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntxhov siab hauv nruab nrab tuaj yeem txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob vim nws ua rau lub cev kho tus kheej thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li ntawd, kev ntxhov siab hauv nruab nrab tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txhim kho kev yoog raws thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov cheeb tsam nyuaj. Ntxiv nrog rau biology, peb tib neeg yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev txhim kho ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cistanche muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv. Cistanche yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj antioxidant, xws li vitamin C, vitamin C, carotenoids, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, Txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nyem cistanche deserticola ntxiv
Cov pab pawg CN50 thiab CN100 tau pom qhov ua haujlwm qis ntawm daim siab enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) thiab aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) dua li lwm cov kev kho mob, thaum C200 muab cov haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov enzymes. Qhov siab tshaj plaws immunoglobulin (IgM) qib tau kuaj pom hauv CN100, CN200, C100, thiab C200, ua raws li CN50. Cov pab pawg C200 tau pom ntau dua ntawm kev ntxiv 3 thiab ntxiv 4 (C3 thiab C4, feem) dua li lwm cov kev kho mob. Cov pab pawg C50 thiab CON tau muab cov nqi qis tshaj ntawm IgM, C3, thiab C4. Cortisol qib tau qis dua hauv pawg CN50 thiab CN100 piv rau lwm pawg. Tom qab qhov kub ntxhov siab, ALT, AST, IgM, C3, C4, cortisol, thiab qabzib nce ntxiv. Yog li, nano-curcumin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li nws daim ntawv pub dawb hauv kev txhim kho qhov tsis kam tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov, ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, txo cov kev ntxhov siab, thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm Nile tilapia nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws concentration ntawm 100 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov.
Qhov thib ob-feem ntau hom Fsh tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb tom qab carp yog Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 1,2. Tilapia yog tam sim no kab lis kev cai hauv ntau dua 120 lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb2. Ntiaj teb no tilapia ntau lawm bounced los ntawm tsawg tshaj li 0.5 lab metric tons (MMT) nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s mus rau 6.03 MMT nyob rau hauv 2018, nrog ib tug nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob tus nqi ntawm 13.5 feem pua 2. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab lis kev cai hnyav ntawm tilapia ua rau nws nkag siab rau ntau yam kev ntxhov siab, xws li kev ntxhov siab kub (HS), qhov tshwm sim loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb sov sov3. Txawm hais tias Nile tilapia tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau qhov kub thiab txias (qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws yog 25-28 degree), dej kub siab tshaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant 4,5. HS suppresses lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev sib kho ntawm tes thiab humoral tiv thaiv kab mob 6. Piv txwv li, HS tau pom tias txo cov qib ntawm immunoglobulins (IgG thiab IgM) 7.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (cov qe ntshav dawb, qe ntshav liab, hemoglobin, thiab qabzib) kuj raug cuam tshuam thaum HS8. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih) pom muaj lysozyme ntxiv, lwm yam ntxiv kev ua ub no, tag nrho cov protein, thiab Ig M qib tom qab raug tshav kub kev ntxhov siab rau 6 h, yog li ntawd, cov kev txwv no txo 9. Yog li ntawd, kev ntxhov siab kub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov ntses noj qab haus huv, ua rau kev loj hlob regression thiab siab Fsh mortality10. Txhim kho cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntses los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov zaub mov tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev ntxhov siab hauv aquaculture11. Ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj ntsuab muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg uas txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb lossis tsis yog txoj hauv kev, ua rau tus tsiaj tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab sab nraud12.
Curcumin yog txiv kab ntxwv-daj, hydrophobic, bioactive tshuaj ntsuab muaj thiab polyphenolic compound muab rho tawm los ntawm turmeric (Curcuma longa). Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm curcumin yog diferuloylmethane (77%), demethoxycurcumin (17%), thiab bisdemethoxycurcumin (6%) 13. Kuj ceeb tias, curcumin muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob 14-17. Yog li, curcumin tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv fsh18,19. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm curcumin raws li lub peev xwm immunostimulant thiab antioxidant neeg sib tw hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm ntau hom ntses 20-26. Txawm li cas los xij, cov dej tsis zoo solubility thiab bioavailability txwv qhov kev siv ntawm curcumin13.
Tsis ntev los no, nano-curcumin tau tsim los kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom xa tawm tsis zoo ntawm curcumin thiab txhim kho nws cov teebmeem kev kho mob27. Tsis zoo li curcumin, uas tsim clumps vim nws tsis tshua muaj solubility nyob rau hauv dej, nano curcumin dissolves kiag li nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous nruab nrab thiab tsis tsim tej clumps vim muaj zeta muaj peev xwm27. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau dawb-curcumin, nano-curcumin qhia tau hais tias ntau dua permeability, ntev ncig, thiab zoo dua systemic bioavailability nyob rau hauv plasma thiab cov ntaub so ntswg28-30.
Raws li Jiang thiab al.31 curcumin loaded nyob rau hauv nanospheres stimulated nws antioxidant thiab immunological kev ua ub no. Cov teebmeem no tuaj yeem txuas rau kev txo cov khoom mus rau nano-metric nplai, uas ua kom muaj kev tso tawm kom ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv thiab ua kom muaj bioavailability thiab qib ntawm molecular dispersion31. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tau ua los sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nano-curcumin rau ntawm nws daim ntawv dawb ntawm fsh, nws tsis ntev los no tau sim cov noog xws li Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)32. Marchiori et al.32 pom tias nano-encapsulated curcumin txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) ntawm ib qho peb zaug qis dua li curcumin dawb, qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm nano-khoom siv los txhim kho tsiaj txhu.
Txog tam sim no, nano-curcumin tsis tau sim hauv cov ntses noj. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb no tsom los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog dawb- lossis nano-daim ntawv ntawm curcumin ntawm kev txhim kho kev loj hlob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev kub ntxhov hauv Nile tilapia.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab txoj kev sim kev noj haus.
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kev sim noj zaub mov muaj nyob rau hauv Table 1. Xya lub isonitrogenous (28 feem pua cov protein) thiab isocaloric (445 kcal / 100 g DM) cov zaub mov tau npaj. Rau kev noj haus tau ntxiv nrog peb theem ntawm nano-curcumin (50 (CN50), 100 (CN100), 200 (CN200) mg kg-1 noj) lossis dawb-curcumin (50 (C50), 100 (C100), 200 (C200). ) mg kg-1 noj zaub mov), thiab tswj kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv (CON). Cov khoom xyaw qhuav thiab finely hauv av tau muab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tes thaum ntxiv cov roj. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yog kneaded los ntawm maj mam ntxiv dej sov. Lub khob noom cookie tau pelletized siv cov nqaij grinder ntawm ib txoj kab uas tsim nyog. Cov zaub mov tau qhuav hauv lub hnub thiab khaws cia ntawm -20 degree hauv cov thawv yas.
Ntses thiab cov chaw sim.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings tau txais los ntawm kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb ze Alexandria thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub tank fiberglass (1 m3) hauv chav kuaj ntses ntawm National Institute of Oceanography thiab Fisheries, Alexandria ceg, Egypt. Ib puas thiab rau caum-yim fsh (13.54±{5}}.32 g) tau muab tso rau hauv 21 khob thoob dej yug ntses (70 L thoob dej yug ntses-1) ntawm qhov ntom ntawm 8 ntses ib thoob dej yug ntses. Txhua qhov kev kho mob muaj 3 replicates (A, B, thiab C). Ntses tau acclimatized rau aquaria rau 2 lub lis piam thiab tau pub rau kev tswj kev noj haus kom haum rau cov kev sim noj. Ntses tau noj cov kev sim noj peb zaug hauv ib hnub kom txog thaum satiety rau 65 hnub. Dechlorinated kais dej tau muab rau txhua lub thoob dej yug ntses nrog aeration tas li. Tus nqi pub noj hauv txhua qhov kev kho mob tau suav txhua lub lim tiam los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntim khoom noj ua ntej thiab tom qab pub mis. Photoperiod yog teem rau 12 h: 12 h lub teeb: tsaus nti, feem. Cov dej tsis zoo raug saib xyuas txhua lub lim tiam rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev sim siv Hanna Aquaculture Multiparameter Photometer, HI83303. Dej kub, yaj oxygen, ammonia-N, thiab pH tau sau tseg raws li hauv qab no; 25 ± 2.1 degree, 6.4 mg L-1, 0.05 mg L-1, thiab 7.7, feem. Tom qab raug tshav kub kev ntxhov siab (40 degree), cov pa yaj thiab ammonia-N nyob rau hauv cov ntses tank yog 2.1 mg L-1, thiab 0.62 mg L-1, feem. Ob teev tom qab pub mis, quav tau tshem tawm los ntawm siphoning.
Kev tshaj tawm txog kev ncaj ncees.
Cov kev sim tau ua los ntawm cov lus qhia tau teev tseg thiab pom zoo los ntawm National Institute of Oceanography thiab Fisheries Committee rau Institutional Care of Aquatic Organisms and Experimental Animals (NIOF-IACUC), Egypt.
Curcumin thiab nano-curcumin npaj.
Curcumin thiab nano-curcumin tau npaj los ntawm lub chaw tshawb fawb ntawm NanoTech Egypt rau Photo-Electronics thiab Nanotechnology. Nano-curcumin tau npaj los ntawm txoj kev txo qis raws li tau piav qhia los ntawm Dhivya li al.33. UV–Vis absorption spectra tau txais ntawm Ocean Optics USB2000 ntxiv rau VIS–NIR Fiber optics spectrophotometer. Txhawm rau kawm txog qhov morphology ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov loj ntawm cov nanoparticles, ib qho kev daws teeb meem siab xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (TEM), JEOL JEM-2100 tau siv. TEM imaging qhia qhov ze li ntawm cov duab puab, du nto, thiab cov khoom loj sib faib ntawm ze li ntawm 50 ± 5.5 nm ntawm nano-curcumin (Fig. 1). Particle loj faib thiab zeta muaj peev xwm ntawm nano-curcumin hais tau txiav txim los ntawm Zetasizer Malvern ntsuas (Malvern, UK), version 7.13, serial tooj: MAL 1203718. Zeta peev xwm (mV) thiab Zeta sib txawv (mV) yog -25 .0 thiab 4.16, ntsig txog (Fig. 2).
Kev ua tau zoo.
Tag nrho cov ntses nyob rau hauv txhua lub tank tau sau thiab hnyav ua ntej pib thiab ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm qhov kev sim pub mis. Kev loj hlob, kev siv pub, thiab lwm yam biometric indices raug xam raws li qhov sib npaug hauv qab no:
Lub cev tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Ua ntej pib qhov kev sim pub mis, 10 ntses tau random coj mus kuaj thiab khov ntawm -20 degree rau tag nrho lub cev biochemistry tsom. Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev sim pub mis, rau tus ntses ib txoj kev kho mob tau coj mus kuaj rau tag nrho lub cev biochemical tsom xam. Tag nrho cov qauv tau khov tam sim ntawd ntawm -20 degree kom txog thaum kev soj ntsuam. AOAC34 cov txheej txheem tau ua raws li kev ntsuas cov protein, lipid, noo noo, thiab cov hmoov tshauv ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.
Kev kuaj ntshav.
Tom qab qhov kev sim pub mis, rau tus ntses rau ib txoj kev kho mob tau kuaj ntshav kuaj ntshav. Clove roj (0.1 ml L−1) tau siv los tshuaj loog ntses. Cov ntshav kuaj (1 ml) tau sau los ntawm cov ntses caudal leeg hauv cov yas microtubes uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA) rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov qauv siv rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas hematological. Ib mL ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm txhua tus qauv tau muab sau rau hauv microtubes yam tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant thiab centrifuged rau 10 min ntawm 2500 × g kom cais cov ntshav, uas tau muab rau kev soj ntsuam biochemistry.
Hematological kev soj ntsuam.
Erythrocytes, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), txhais tau tias corpuscular volume (MCV), txhais tau tias corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), txhais tau tias corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets (PLT), leukocytes thiab txawv suav (neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes. (LYMPH), monocytes (MON), eosinophil (EO), basophils (BAS) thiab tsis paub qab hau granulocyte (IG) tau suav nrog siv automated hemocytometer XE 2100 (Advia 2120 & Sysmex, Siemens). Tag nrho cov lus hais tau raug soj ntsuam ua ntej thiab tom qab kev kub ntxhov.
Serum biochemistry.
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ntshav aspartate aminotransferase (AST), immunoglobulin M (IgM), ntxiv 3 thiab 4 (C3 thiab C4, raws li), cortisol thiab qabzib concentration tau txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntshav kuaj ntshav. Glucose tau soj ntsuam raws li txoj kev hexokinase method35 siv Cobas pob (tus lej siv, 04404483 190) los ntawm Cobas-c 311 analyzer, system-ID 0768316. Cortisol tau soj ntsuam raws li kev tsim ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob sib luag 36 los ntawm electrochemiluminescence immunoassay "ECLIA" pob (tus lej siv, 11875116 122) siv Cobas-e immunoassay analyzer. Kev tshuaj xyuas ALT tau ua tiav siv Cobas C pob (tus lej siv, 207649q57 322), Cobas-C 311 analyzer, system ID 0,764,957. ALT tau kuaj pom raws li Bergmeyer li al.37 thiab ECCLS38. ALT catalyzed cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm L-alanine thiab 2-oxoglutarate. Te-formed pyruvate yog txo los ntawm NADH hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalyzed los ntawm lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) los ua L-lactate thiab NAD. Tus nqi ntawm NADH oxidation yog ncaj qha proportional rau catalytic ALT kev ua.
Nws yog txiav txim los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov txo qis hauv absorbance. AST nyob rau hauv tus qauv catalyzed kev hloov ntawm ib pawg amino ntawm L-aspartate thiab 2-oxoglutarate los ua oxaloacetate thiab L-glutamate. Cov oxaloacetate tom qab ntawd tau ua rau NADH, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm malate dehydrogenase (MDH), tsim NAD. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tau ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm IFCC tab sis tau ua kom zoo raws li Bergmeyer li al.37 thiab ECCLS38 siv Cobas c pob (tus lej siv, 20764949322) los ntawm Cobas-C 311 analyzer. System lD 076494I. IgM tau txiav txim siab raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm immunological agglutination39 los ntawm Cobas c 311, system ID 0767883 siv Cobas c pob (tus lej siv, 03507190). IgM cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim nrog ib leeg hauv cov qauv thiab tsim ib qho antigen / antibody complex. Tom qab agglutination, qhov no tau ntsuas turbidimetrically ntawm sub / main wavelength: 700/340. C3 thiab C4 tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tsim cov dej nag los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau txiav txim siab turbidimetrically ntawm lub sub / main wavelength: 700/34039. C3 tau ntsuas los ntawm Cobas c 311, system ID 0765600 siv Cobas c pob (tus lej siv, 03001938322). C4 tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm Cobas c 311, system ID 0765619 siv Cobas c pob (tus lej siv, 03001962322).
Kub ntxhov siab.
Tom qab qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm qhov kev sim pub mis, tsib ntses los ntawm txhua qhov replicate tau sau los ntawm kev sim iav thoob dej yug ntses thiab xa mus rau hauv 0.5-tuj fiberglass tank uas muaj 7 sub-loov units (7- L perforated yas cylindrical ntim). Txhua lub thawv sawv cev ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua qhov kev kho mob. Replicates A, B, thiab C ntawm txhua qhov kev kho mob tau raug tshav kub ntxhov rau thawj hnub thib ob, thiab hnub thib peb, raws li. Yog li, qhov kev sib tw kub ntxhov tau rov ua peb zaug hauv peb hnub sib law liag. Cov dej kub tau maj mam nce ntawm 25 mus rau 40 degree hauv 3 teev. Cov dej kub tau tswj los ntawm cov khoom cua sov. Tom qab raug rau 40 degree rau 4 h, fsh los ntawm txhua chav tsev tau tshuaj loog siv cov roj clove. Cov ntshav kuaj tau raug sau los txiav txim siab ALT, AST, IgM, C3 thiab C4, qib qabzib thiab cortisol, nrog rau kev suav cov ntses hematological.
Kev txheeb cais.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv cov khoom noj tau ua tiav siv ib txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA). Ob txoj kev ANOVA tau siv los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxhov siab thaum tshav kub kub thiab kev sim noj cov ntses. Duncan's post hoc test tau siv los ntsuas qhov txhais tau tias. P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05 tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov txheeb cais tau ua tiav siv pob SPSS (version 23.0).
Tshaj tawm.
Txhua txoj hauv kev tau tshaj tawm los ntawm ARRIVE cov lus qhia 2.0.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Kev loj hlob kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv pub.
Kev loj hlob thiab kev siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntses pub rau kev sim noj zaub mov tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 2. Qhov hnyav kawg nkaus (FW) thiab qhov hnyav nce (WG) tau txais hauv fsh-fed CN100 ua raws li CN200 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Ntses noj ntawm CN50 muab FW thiab WG nruab nrab thiab zoo ib yam li cov khoom noj ntawm C100 (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.0 5). Cov txiaj ntsig qis tshaj ntawm WG tau sau tseg hauv fsh-fed CON, C50, lossis C200 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Ntses noj ntawm CN100 thiab CN200 tau pom tias qhov kev loj hlob tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws (SGR), ua raws li CN50 thiab C100 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Txawm li cas los xij, SGR hauv fsh-fed CN200 tsis txawv ntawm CN50 lossis C100 (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Cov ntses pawg ntawm CON, C50, thiab C200 ua rau qis tshaj SGR (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub nce (ADG) tau sau tseg hauv pawg CN100, ua raws li CN200 thiab tom qab ntawd CN50 thiab C100 pawg (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Pawg CON, C50, thiab C200 qhia qhov qis tshaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ADG (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Kev noj zaub mov ntau tshaj plaws (FI) tau sau tseg hauv CN50, CN100, CN200, thiab C100, ua raws li CON, C50, thiab C200 pawg (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Qhov qis tshaj FCR tau kuaj pom hauv CN100 thiab CN200, tom qab ntawd los ntawm CN50 thiab C100, thaum qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm FCR tau pom hauv CON, C50, thiab C200 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Cov pab pawg ntawm CN100 thiab CN200 tau muab cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov protein ua haujlwm piv (PER), ua raws li CN50, thiab C100 thaum qhov qis tshaj plaws tau tsim hauv CON, C50, thiab C200 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05).
Lub cev tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Nile tilapia pub rau kev sim noj cov zaub mov tau piav qhia hauv Table 3. Tsis muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm cov khoom qhuav ntawm ntau pawg (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05 ). Cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov protein (CP) tau txais hauv CN50, CN100, CN200, thiab C100, ua raws li CON, C50, thiab C200 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05); Txawm li cas los xij, C50 tsis txawv ntawm CN50, CN100, thiab C100 (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Txhua qhov kev kho mob muaj qhov sib piv ntawm lipid ntau dua li CON (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshauv tau sau tseg hauv CON thiab C200, ua raws li C50, thiab cov txiaj ntsig qis tshaj tau pom hauv CN50, CN100, CN200, thiab C100 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05).
Hematological tsom xam.
Table 4 qhia txog kev txheeb xyuas hematological ntawm cov ntses tom qab kev sim pub mis ntawm 25 degree thiab tom qab kub ntxhov ntawm 40 degree . Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias kev sim noj zaub mov thiab kev ntxhov siab kub ntxhov cuam tshuam rau qee qhov kev ntsuas hematological (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Kev sim noj cov zaub mov tsis cuam tshuam rau hematological suav (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau {{10}}}.05) tshwj tsis yog rau C200, uas tau muab cov leukocytes siab dua thiab qis dua neutrophil piv rau lwm cov kev sim noj zaub mov (P Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.05). Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev ntxhov siab, qhov nce ntawm cov platelets, MCV, MCH, leukocytes, thiab neutrophils tau kuaj pom, thaum cov lymphocytes raug txo qis (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05) thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm yam hematological. Parameters (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05).
Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm biochemical ntshav txheeb xyuas ua ntej thiab tom qab qhov kub ntxhov ntawm Nile tilapia pub cov kev sim noj zaub mov muaj nyob rau hauv Table 5. Muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm ob qho kev noj haus thiab kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov ntshav biochemical ntawm fsh (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0 05). ALT tau pom qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws hauv C200, ua raws li CON thiab C100, thiab tom qab ntawd C50 thiab CN200, thaum cov nqi qis tshaj tau txais hauv CN50 thiab CN100 kev kho mob (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05) . Qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm AST tau muab rau hauv C200, tom qab ntawd los ntawm C100 thiab CON kev kho mob, ua raws li C50, thaum qhov kev ua haujlwm qis tshaj plaws tau kuaj pom hauv CN50, CN100, thiab CN200 kev kho mob (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Txawm li cas los xij, AST tus nqi hauv CN200 tsis txawv ntawm C50 (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05).
Cov qib IgM siab tshaj plaws tau txais hauv C200, C100, CN1{{31}0, thiab CN20 0 ua raws li CN50, thaum C50 thiab CON muab cov nqi qis tshaj (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). C200 pom qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm C3, ua raws li CN50 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05), thaum C100, CN100 thiab CN200 tsis txawv ntawm C200 lossis CN50 (P Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). C50 thiab CON muab tus nqi qis tshaj rau C3 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Qhov siab tshaj C4 qhov tseem ceeb tau pom hauv C200 thiab CN200, ua raws li CN50 thiab tom qab ntawd CN100 thiab C100, thaum C50 thiab CON muab cov txiaj ntsig qis tshaj (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). C200 muab tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm cortisol, ua raws li CON, ua raws li C100, thiab tom qab ntawd CN200 thiab C50 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Cov txiaj ntsig qis tshaj plaws ntawm cortisol tau sau tseg rau CN50 thiab CN100 (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Glucose tau txais hauv C200 thiab CON yog siab dua li lwm yam kev kho mob (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05). Kev nce hauv ALT, AST, IgM, C3, C4, cortisol, thiab qabzib tau pom tom qab kev kub ntxhov (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05).
Kev sib tham
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, noj Nile tilapia ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj curcumin ua rau pom kev loj hlob zoo dua piv rau kev tswj cov khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb no tau nthuav tawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nano-curcumin tshaj nws daim ntawv dawb hauv kev txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm Nile tilapia. Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, qhov kev loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws (WG, SGR, thiab ADG) thiab kev siv khoom noj (FCR thiab PER) ntawm Nile tilapia tau ua tiav ntawm 100 mg kg-1, ua raws li 200 mg kg-1 noj ntawm nano-curcumin. . Qhov no tau pom zoo nrog Mahmoud et al.23 uas pom tias kev pub mis nyuj Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nrog 50 lossis 100 mg kg-1 noj curcumin txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab kev siv pub. Lawv txuas qhov kev txhim kho no hauv kev loj hlob kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv pub rau kev txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov (amylase, protease, trypsin, thiab lipase) 22,40. Tsis tas li ntawd, curcumin tuaj yeem txhim kho lwm cov enzymes (Na plus / K ntxiv -ATPase, plab hnyuv alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, thiab creatine kinase) uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom noj degradation thiab assimilation22. Ntxiv mus, curcumin yuav ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug prebiotic, txhawb lub plab fora, thiab txhim kho txoj hnyuv plab zom mov thiab nqus, ua rau kom tag nrho cov kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm fsh40. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntxiv ntawm curcumin tau tshwm sim hauv ntau hom ntses xws li nyom carp (Ctenopharyngodon tswv yim) 41, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) 22, loj daj croaker (Pseudosciaene crocea) 42, zaj sawv trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 17 thiab Neeg Esxias. hiav txwv bass (Lates calcarifer) 43.
Raws li tau hais dhau los, txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no zoo tshaj rau curcumin nanoparticles tshaj dawb curcumin hauv kev txhim kho qhov kev loj hlob ntawm Nile tilapia. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov qis dua ntawm nano-curcumin tuaj yeem txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm Nile tilapia thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj dawb curcumin. Piv txwv li, kev noj zaub mov 50 mg kg-1 ntawm nano-curcumin muab cov teebmeem tib yam li 100 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov dawb curcumin. Hauv kev txhawb nqa, nano-curcumin tau pom tias muaj 60-fold nce hauv cov roj ntsha ib nrab-lub neej piv rau cov dawb-curcumin hauv cov qauv nas44. Ntxiv mus, nano-curcumin qhia tau hais tias muaj zog dua bioavailability hauv plasma thiab cov ntaub so ntswg piv rau dawb-curcumin30. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim qhov tsawg solubility ntawm dawb-curcumin hauv dej; Yog li ntawd, nws tsim aggregates thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau opsonization, thaum nano-curcumin dissolves tag nrho hauv dej yam tsis muaj kev sib sau ua ke vim nws lub peev xwm zeta27.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dawb-curcumin, thiab nano-curcumin, nyob rau theem siab tshaj (200 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov) hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no txo qis kev loj hlob thiab kev siv pub mis piv rau CON. Qhov tseeb, curcumin yog polyphenol. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias cov koob tshuaj tsawg ntawm polyphenols tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev uas lawv tsis tau nqus tag nrho hauv cov hnyuv 45. Polyphenols nyob rau hauv siab yuav ua rau kev loj hlob regression46. Cov nyhuv no tau qis dua hauv kev kho nano-curcumin, qhia tias nano-curcumin yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li nws daim ntawv dawb. Hauv kev txhawb nqa, Lee thiab al.47 tau qhia txog bio-kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv nano-curcumin.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, curcumin thiab nano-curcumin nce cov protein thiab lipid cov ntsiab lus hauv lub cev ntses. Ib yam li ntawd, kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog curcumin nyob rau theem ntawm 50-200 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov zoo txhim kho cov lipid crude thiab protein deposition hauv Nile tilapia nqaij23. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev tswj cov hnyuv microbiota, uas txhim kho cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo23. Lwm qhov kev piav qhia yuav yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm curcumin ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntses digestive enzymes suav nrog trypsin, lipase, thiab amylase22. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tsis zoo, xws li nano-curcumin, qeeb cov adsorption ntawm cov protein hauv cov ntshav, uas ua rau lub neej ntev dua ib nrab ntawm lub neej ntau dua li cov khoom zoo 48. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia vim li cas cov zaub mov noj ntses uas muaj nano-curcumin muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein ntau dua li cov ntses pub dawb-curcumin noj.
Ib qho kev nce hauv siab enzyme ua haujlwm, xws li ALT thiab AST, yog ib qho cim ntawm lub siab puas tsuaj 49,50. Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, ALT thiab AST qib tau txo qis hauv cov pab pawg nano-curcumin ua ntej lossis tom qab kev kub ntxhov thiab qee qhov ntawm cov pab pawg dawb-curcumin, qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm nano-curcumin (qhov no tau tsim nyog ua ntej hauv kev sib tham no. ). Hauv qhov zoo sib xws, curcumin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hepatotoxicity hauv cov nas vim yog hydrogen peroxide thiab txo qis ALT thiab AST enzymes51. Ntxiv mus, kev sim ua rau nas nrog fibrosis tshwm sim los ntawm carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) pom tias nano-curcumin txo qis ALT thiab AST theem 52. Yog li, curcumin lub peev xwm txo qis qee cov ntshav (xws li ALT thiab AST) qhia tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau los tiv thaiv. -inflammatory tus neeg saib xyuas thaum lub siab raug mob53.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm curcumin tiv thaiv daim siab puas hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm qhov nruab nrab concentration (100 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov), cov teebmeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov siab dua (200 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov). Ua raws li cov qauv tib yam, curcumin kuj tau pom qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov carp loj (Cyprinus carpio), uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm CCl-vim lub siab puas tsuaj54. Ib yam li ntawd, curcumin tau pom tias muaj ob qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev raug mob ntawm daim siab cawv hauv cov txiv neej nas nyob ntawm qhov concentration, vim nws cov kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog tau txais ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, tab sis qhov nrawm ntawm daim siab raug mob tau pom ntawm qhov siab dua 55. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv nas qhia tau hais tias muaj siab concentration nrog rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm curcumin yuav txo tau lub cev qhov hnyav, ceev oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab o thiab txhawb lub siab raug mob thaum nce AST thiab -GGT theem 56.
Cov nyhuv ob ntawm curcumin tuaj yeem txuas rau nws lub peev xwm los txhawb heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) hauv cov tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj lom, thiab HO-1 induction yog txuam nrog kev tsim cov reactive oxygen hom (ROS), qhia txog kev sib raug zoo57. Ib yam li ntawd, Cao et al.58 pom tias ntawm qhov qis dua, curcumin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm antioxidant; Txawm li cas los xij, cov concentrations siab dua nce qib cellular ROS, ua rau oxidative DNA puas tsuaj hauv tib neeg hepatoma G2 hlwb.
Thaum tshav kub kub ntxhov siab nce qhov ntsuas kev ntxhov siab, xws li cortisol thiab qib qabzib. Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, suav nrog curcumin (tsis suav nrog cov koob tshuaj siab ntawm 200 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov) lossis nano-curcumin hauv cov zaub mov tilapia txo cov piam thaj thiab cortisol ua ntej lossis tom qab kub ntxhov. Cov qib cortisol zoo tshaj plaws tau kuaj pom ntawm CN50 thiab CN100. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm curcumin ua ib qho polyphenol. Polyphenols tau pom tias yuav txhim kho qhov ntsuas kev ntxhov siab cortisol thiab qabzib 59,60). Cov teebmeem no tseem tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm curcumin, uas tau pom tias tshem tawm cov lipid radicals hauv cell membrane thiab dhau los ua phenoxyl radical14,61. Tsis tas li ntawd, curcumin txo qis cov piam thaj hauv siab los ntawm kev nce cov piam thaj los ntawm kev tswj hwm GLUT2, GLUT3, thiab GLUT4 gene expressions62. Hauv kev txhawb nqa, Wei et al.63 tau qhia tias kev noj haus curcumin txo qis kev ntxhov siab vim cortisol los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm npua.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txoj kev tshawb no, qhov siab dua ntawm curcumin (200 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov) ua rau muaj qib cortisol ntau dua piv rau lwm cov kev kho mob, suav nrog pawg tswj hwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, C200 tau tsim cov piam thaj ntau dua li qhov tau txais los ntawm pawg tswj hwm. Cov nyhuv tib yam tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv nteg qe, qhov twg ntau dua ntawm curcumin tsis txo cortisol piv rau qis concentrations uas txo cortisol theem ua ntej los yog tom qab ib tug high-temperature raug 64. Cov sau phau ntawv txuas cov nyhuv no rau lub dual-action peev xwm ntawm curcumin, raws li nws tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab / lossis oxidant, nyob ntawm nws koob tshuaj 65. Lub siab concentration ntawm peroxides tsub kom qhov tso tawm ntawm ROS uas puas hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg 65.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, kev sim noj cov zaub mov tsis cuam tshuam rau hematological suav, tshwj tsis yog rau C200 uas muab cov leukocytes ntau dua thiab qis dua neutrophils piv rau lwm yam kev sim noj. Kev nce qib ntawm leukocytes ntawm qib siab ntawm curcumin (200 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov) tuaj yeem hais txog qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov ntses ntawm qhov concentration no. Leukocytosis yog ncaj qha proportional rau qhov hnyav ntawm kev ntxhov siab nrog rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ntxhov siab uas tom qab ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob 66,67.
Kub cuam tshuam rau hematological tsis nyob rau hauv fsh68. Hauv qhov no, tom qab kev kub ntxhov, platelets, MCV, MCH, leukocytes, thiab neutrophils suav tau raug tsa thaum cov lymphocytes txo qis, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm cov ntshav hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Hauv kev txhawb nqa, Grzelak li al.69 tau tshaj tawm cov lymphopenia tseem ceeb thiab neutrophilia nyob rau hauv mob hnyav zebrafish (Danio rerio) piv rau kev ntxhov siab lossis tswj fsh. Tsis tas li ntawd, thermal stress ua rau hypoxia los yog anoxia70,71, thiab cov nyhuv no tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau pom tias hypoxia nce cov leukocytes, platelets, thiab neutrophils thiab txo cov lymphocytes nyob rau hauv liab tilapia 72. Qhov no tej zaum yuav txuas mus rau qib siab ntawm cortisol 72. Neutrophilia thiab lymphopenia tshwm sim tom qab kho nrog cortisol. hauv carp (C. carpio L.)73. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) ua rau muaj qhov sib piv siab ntawm neutrophils rau lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav tom qab raug kev ntxhov siab, uas cuam tshuam zoo rau qib siab glucocorticoid qib 74.
Immunoglobulin M thiab ntxiv (C3 thiab C4) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntses, thiab lawv yog cov thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv ntses noj qab haus huv75-78. IgM thiab cov khoom ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv tsiaj lub cev los ntawm kev kis kab mob thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm apoptotic thiab raug mob hlwb79-82. Qhov tseeb, ua ntej thiab tom qab kub ntxhov hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, qib ntawm IgM, C3, thiab C4 tau nce ntxiv nrog rau kev noj haus ntawm curcumin. Ntxiv mus, nano curcumin tau pom tias muaj kev txhim kho zoo dua hauv cov ntsuas no dua li dawb curcumin. Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm ntawm no rau IgM, C3, thiab C4 hais txog ob qhov tseeb: qhov qis ntawm curcumin yog qhov zoo dua, thiab nano-formulation yog qhov zoo dua (uas tau tsim nyog ua ntej hauv kev sib tham no). Hauv kev txhawb nqa, curcumin induced innate immune teb ntawm Nile tilapia ntawm ib koob ntawm 50 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov, tab sis kev loj hlob yog inhibited nyob rau theem siab dua23. Txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no pom tias cov qib ntawm IgM, C3, thiab C4 tau nce nrog qhov kub thiab txias, nthuav tawm qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom txo tau cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntshav siab enzymes (ALT thiab AST) tau tshwm sim hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Thaum tshav kub kub kev ntxhov siab yog paub tias ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv cov ntses; Yog li, nws ua rau apoptosis thiab cell tuag83-85. Lub sij hawm luv luv kub ntxhov siab ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm C3 thiab C486. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv tau nce vascular puas tsuaj, vascular permeability, thiab angioedema 87.
Kev maj mam nce hauv plasma IgM qib tau pom nrog nce qhov kub thiab txias (18, 23, 28, 33 degree) hauv Nile tilapia tshwj tsis yog qhov kub siab tshaj 10. Ib yam li ntawd, kev txhawb nqa hiav txwv bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) ntawm qhov kub siab (23 degree) nce lawv cov qib IgM piv rau kev yug ntses ntawm 17 degree 88. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lwm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias HS txo IgM, C3, thiab C4 qib hauv fsh89– 91. Qhov tsis sib xws no tuaj yeem raug lees paub los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kub ntxhov, qhov twg IgM, C3, thiab C4 qib nce siab nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab tab sis txo qis hauv kev ntxhov siab ntev 9,10. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih) tau pom tias muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv lwm qhov kev ua ub no thiab qib IgM tom qab 6 h ntawm kev kub ntxhov, uas txo qis tom qab 12 h9.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, nano-curcumin muaj superiority tshaj dawb-curcumin nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho txoj kev loj hlob kev ua tau zoo, kev nyuaj siab indicators, As tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, thiab tshav kub kub tsis kam ntawm Nile tilapia. Kev noj zaub mov ntxiv ntawm nano-curcumin ntawm qib 50 lossis 100 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov tau zoo hauv kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab txo qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ntxhov siab thaum kub, thaum noj 100 lossis 200 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm Nile tilapia. . Yog li, ib koob tshuaj 100 mg kg-1 noj zaub mov zoo rau kev loj hlob kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus cua sov.
Cov ntaub ntawv muaj
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim los yog tshuaj xyuas thaum lub sijhawm kawm no suav nrog hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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