2022 Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshaj Tawm
Jan 05, 2023
Cov kab mob glomerular
Cov kab mob Glomerular yog qhov ua rau lub raum mob kawg, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb ntsig txog tau txais kev nyiam, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm IgA nephropathy yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txoj kev tshawb fawb KESTING coj los ntawm xibfwb Lu Jicheng ntawm Peking University Thawj Tsev Kho Mob tau pom tias kev kho qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ncauj methylprednisolone rau 6 mus rau 9 lub hlis hauv cov neeg mob IgA nephropathy uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev loj hlob tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hauv lub raum ua haujlwm, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm lossis Kev tuag vim muaj kab mob raum Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig kev pheej hmoo, tab sis kev kho mob ntau ntxiv ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo (JAMA, 2022). Txhawm rau soj ntsuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hnyuv ntawm IgA nephropathy, pab pawg ntawm xibfwb Sun Shiren ntawm Xijing Tsev Kho Mob ntawm Fourth Military Medical University pom tias Escherichia coli-Shigella flora ntawm cov neeg mob nrog IgA nephropathy tau nce siab dua li ntawm lwm cov plab hnyuv los ntawm kev sib luag. thiab kev txheeb xyuas pawg. pej xeem thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog cov lus teb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob (JASN, 2022).
Nyem rau Rou Cong Rong cistanche rau mob raum
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy thiab kab mob raum ntev (CKD) tau ua tiav kev tshawb fawb tshiab. Lub Nuffield raum Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Chaw tau suav nrog 13 qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas suav nrog 90 413 cov ncauj lus Thiab cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas meta, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib thiab cov neeg mob uas tsis yog ntshav qab zib, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob raum. Kev loj hlob thaum txo qis raum raug mob (AKI), mob plawv tuag thiab lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob (Lancet, 2022).
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, rituximab tau dhau los ua thawj kab kev kho mob rau cov kab mob membranous nephropathy, tab sis nws cov koob tshuaj thiab cov kev kho mob tseem muaj teeb meem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tias qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv mus sij hawm ntev hauv refractory nephropathy tseem tsis tau qhia meej. . Kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb ntau lub chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm xibfwb Chan EY ntawm Hong Kong Children's Tsev Kho Mob tau pom tias kev siv ntau yam ntawm rituximab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas nquag rov qab los ntawm steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, tab sis tseem yuav tsum tau ceev faj. mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev phiv tshuaj xws li kis tau (JASN, 2022).
Finerenone yog ib yam tshiab ntawm kev xaiv, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, uas tau pom los ntawm reanalyzing cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob loj randomized tswj kev sim ntawm finerenone, FIDELIO-DKD, thiab FIGARO-DKD. Ketones muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txhim kho lub plawv thiab lub raum cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab mob raum (Eur Heart J, 2022).
AKI
AKI yog ib yam kab mob tseem ceeb thiab mob hnyav hauv kev mob raum, thiab kev cuam tshuam raws sij hawm tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nws txoj kev hloov mus rau CKD. Lub raum tubular epithelial hlwb yog lub ntsiab puas hlwb hauv AKI. Ravichanran KS los ntawm University of Washington thiab al. pom tias efferocytosis chimeric receptors tuaj yeem txo qhov mob thiab fibrosis hauv AKI los ntawm kev ua kom exocytosis (Cell, 2022). Xib fwb Lu Linli ntawm Southeast University tau pom tias lub raum tubular VEGF-A tswj kev tso tawm ntawm cov hlwv ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntxiv thiab kho qhov kev loj hlob thiab kho ntawm periductal capillaries, uas muab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm AKI rau CKD (NJ Regen Med, 2022). Xibfwb Zhang Lirong ntawm Tianjin Medical University thiab lwm tus pom los ntawm ATAC-seq sequencing thev naus laus zis uas kinetics ntawm chromosome nkag mus rau hauv lub raum tubular epithelial hlwb nrog ischemia-reperfusion raug mob hloov, thiab RXR yog tus thawj coj tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no (Nat Commun, 2022).
Yuav ua li cas lub hom phiaj tshuaj mus rau lub raum puas tubules yog ib tug txaus nyiam tshiab lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm AKI. Pab neeg ntawm Xib Fwb Cai Weibo los ntawm Tongji University tau tsim ib qho 89Zr-PVP-curcumin nanomaterial (PCurNP), uas muaj qhov hnyav me me thiab tuaj yeem lim tau los ntawm glomerulus tom qab txhaj tshuaj, thiab tuaj yeem coj los ntawm PET cov duab thev naus laus zis los thauj PCurNP mus rau lub cev tubules. Anti-inflammatory thiab kho muaj nuj nqi (Bioact Mater, 2022). Lub raum hloov kho (KRT) yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob AKI hnyav, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawm KRT hauv cov neeg mob AKI hnyav tseem muaj teeb meem. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm STARRT-AKI txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kev pib ntxov ntawm KRT kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo qhov ntim ntau dhau, tab sis nws tsis ua rau cov neeg mob muaj sia nyob thiab cov txiaj ntsig rau lub raum (Crit Care, 2022).
Hloov pauv raum
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov neeg pub raum tau ib txwm yog qhov mob taw tes thiab qhov taw qhia nrawm hauv kev txhim kho lub raum hloov tshuab. Montgomery RA thiab lwm tus los ntawm New York University tau ua tiav kev hloov pauv cov noob caj noob ces hloov pauv lub raum pub rau 2 cov neeg mob hlwb tuag nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thawj zaug. Thaum lub sijhawm 54-teev soj ntsuam, cov zis tso zis thiab kwv yees glomerulus Filtration tus nqi tau zoo dua, thiab lub raum biopsy tsis pom muaj qhov tsis txaus siab, qhib qhov tseem ceeb tshiab rau tib neeg xenotransplantation (NEJM, 2022).
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mus ntev yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev muaj sia nyob tom qab hloov lub raum, tab sis kev tsis lees paub ntev thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob tsis ua haujlwm. Bertaina A los ntawm Stanford University Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshuaj Kho Mob hauv Tebchaws Meskas tsis ntev los no tau hloov pauv haploid allogeneic hematopoietic qia hlwb thiab lub raum tsis muaj -T hlwb thiab CD19 B hlwb hauv cov neeg mob Schimke lub cev tiv thaiv pob txha dysplasia tshwm sim raws li T cell immunodeficiency thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, kom ua tiav. tus neeg pub ntshav hematopoietic chimerism thiab hauv vitro T cell ua haujlwm siab ntev, thiab 22 txog 34 lub hlis tom qab hloov lub raum, tus neeg mob tseem tuaj yeem tswj lub raum ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob (NEJM, 2022). Pab neeg ntawm Xib Fwb Chen Jianghua los ntawm Zhejiang University tau ua tiav kev tsim kho cov khoom siv ntau yam FOXP3 extracellular vesicles, uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev hloov hauv lub raum los ntawm kev nthuav tawm CTLA-4 thiab PD-1-txog adhesion molecules, kev tswj cytokines thiab kev sib tiv tauj. molecules. Nthuav cellular necrosis thiab fibrosis (Adv Sci, 2022).
Novel coronavirus kab mob thiab raum
Kev raug mob raum cuam tshuam nrog 2019-nCoV kab mob tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj, tab sis cov txheej txheem tseem tsis meej. Pab neeg ntawm xibfwb Lan Huiyao los ntawm Suav University of Hong Kong pom tias kev khi ntawm ARS-CoV-2N rau Smad3 thiab ua rau G1 cell voj voog ntes ntawm lub raum tubular epithelial hlwb yog lub tshuab tshiab ntawm lub raum raug mob los ntawm Tus kab mob coronavirus tshiab (Adv Sci, 2022). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho cuab yeej siv tau los tiv thaiv tus kab mob coronavirus tshiab. Hauv cov neeg mob lim ntshav, peb txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv BNT162b2 mRNA tuaj yeem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kabmob tshiab S1 corona protein antibody hauv cov neeg mob. Ib pab neeg tshawb fawb ntawm University of Toronto piv BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) thiab Kev tiv thaiv ntawm mRNA-1273 (Moderna) ob qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus tshiab rau cov neeg mob lim ntshav. Nws tau pom tias mRNA-1273 tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob humoral zoo dua, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob BNT162b2 yuav poob sai sai tom qab 12 lub lis piam (CMAJ, 2022).
Kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab
Pab pawg kws tshaj lij Liu Zhihong ntawm National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases soj ntsuam qhov ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) agonist peptide agents teriparatide (PTH) thiab abalone (ABL) thiab kev ua raws ntawm PTH1R binding, thiab cov qauv hauv paus. ntawm nws lub sijhawm sib txawv ua haujlwm tau txheeb xyuas ntxiv los ntawm cov teeb liab chip thev naus laus zis. Txoj kev tshawb no nthuav tawm cov qauv hauv paus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam PTH agonists thiab muab cov tswv yim tshiab rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab tsom rau PTH1R calcium thiab phosphorus metabolism (Nat Commun, 2022).
Pab neeg ntawm Xib Fwb Liu Bicheng los ntawm Zhongda Tsev Kho Mob Koom Tes nrog Southeast University tau lees paub thawj zaug tias qhov kev qhia ntawm CDK12 hauv lub raum tubular hlwb yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshiab molecule los tswj cov dej thiab ntsev metabolism hauv lub raum, thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias CDK12 tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau. cov sodium nyob rau hauv tuab ntu ntawm ascending limb ntawm lub voj ntawm Henle los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm cell polyadenylation. Cov txheej txheem molecular ntawm ib txwm hloov pauv ntawm potassium dichloride co-transporter NKCC2, txoj kev tshawb no tsis tsuas yog piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub raum cuam tshuam txog kev tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qog CDK12 tab sis kuj muab cov tshuaj tshiab rau kev txhim kho lub raum-targeted diuretic thiab antihypertensive therapy. Cov hom phiaj cuam tshuam (Mol Therapy, 2022).
Lub pathogenesis ntawm ntshav qab zib nephropathy yog complex. Xib fwb He Cijiang los ntawm Icahn Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshuaj ntawm Mount Sinai hauv Tebchaws Meskas pom tias macrophages (CD45 ntxiv) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho ntshav qab zib nephropathy los ntawm ib leeg-cell transcriptomic tsom xam (RNAseq) ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib OVE26 nas. Cov noob qhia, polarization, thiab maturation phenotype ntawm macrophage subpopulations thaum ntxov qhia dynamic evolution dhau sij hawm (Kidney Int, 2022).
Pab pawg tshawb fawb ntawm xibfwb Chen Yupeng los ntawm Tianjin Medical University pom tias cAMP teeb liab txhawb CRTC2 kom nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus, nrhiav thiab ua kom muaj P-TEFb, thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwv hauv ADPKD. Txoj kev tshawb no muab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho tus kab mob polycystic raum (Adv Sci, 2022). POLES M ntawm University of Zurich hauv Switzerland tau siv cov kev sojntsuam ua haujlwm thiab intravital microscopy los taug qab cov txheej txheem pom cov proteins hauv ob lub raum ntawm cov nas nyob hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, nthuav tawm cov haujlwm sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau ntu ntawm lub raum tubules thiab cov kabmob sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm muaj protein ntau (Nat Co., 2022).
Kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg los yog rov tsim dua tshiab yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb rau kev kho lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Los ntawm Massachusetts General Tsev Kho Mob, Gupta N et al. siv lub raum organoids los txheeb xyuas cov noob tseem ceeb rau kev kho lub raum. Ntawm lawv, kev txo qis ntawm FANCD2 thiab Rad51 yog cuam tshuam nrog kev pom tsis zoo. Los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuaj, nws tau txiav txim siab tias qhov sib xyaw SCR7 tuaj yeem rov ua haujlwm ntawm FANCD2 thiab Rad51 thiab txhawb kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg (Sci Transl Med, 2022). Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib leeg-cell transcriptional profiling, tib neeg induced pluripotent qia hlwb, thiab CRISPR/Cas9 noob kho tshuab, kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub raum regeneration thiab kho kho tau nkag mus rau theem tshiab. Humphreys BD ntawm University of Washington hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau npaj cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej: (1) tswj cov txheej txheem kho kom txo tau cov fibrosis thiab thim rov qab kev puas tsuaj; (2) hloov lub raum ua haujlwm nrog cov qia hlwb kom rov tsim kho tib neeg lub raum; (3) txhim kho genetic New Approaches to Kidney Disease Therapy (JASN, 2022).
Cov ntsiab lus
Saib rov qab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev nce qib hauv nephrology hauv 2022, peb xav tias txawm tias nws yog kev tshawb fawb yooj yim lossis kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, nephrology tseem tab tom nce mus txog qhov nyuaj, thiab ntau yam teeb meem yuav tsum tau kov yeej sai sai.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb kuj zoo siab pom tias cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis hauv kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej thiab kev sib koom tes tau dhau los ua lub tshuab tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho nephrology. Ntau thiab ntau tus tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv ntej ntawm thoob ntiaj teb nephrology thiab tau ua tiav txawv txawv. Saib rau yav tom ntej, kev tshawb fawb ntawm nephrology hauv Suav teb yuav muaj tseeb mus los ntawm cua thiab nthwv dej thiab caij nkoj ncaj qha mus rau hiav txwv.
Yog xav paub ntxiv:Ali.ma@wecistanche.com
