12 Renoprotectiive Natural Plant Compounds Koj Yuav Tsum Paub

Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com

Ntu Ⅰ: Muaj peev xwm kho tau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv kab mob raum

Lorena Avila-Carrasco, Elda Araceli García-Mayorga & et al.

1. Allicin (Diallyl Thiosulfinate)

Renoprotective Plants: Allicin (Diallyl Thiosulfinate)

Lub ntsiab bioactive cov khoom ntawm qej (Allium sativum L.) yog organosulfur compounds (OSCs). Ntawm cov tebchaw no, feem ntau cov sulfur composite muaj nyob rau hauv cov qij tshiab thiab qhuav yog allin (S-allyl-1-cysteine ​​sulfoxide) [60,61]. Allin tuaj yeem hloov pauv sai rau hauv allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) [61], uas tau piav qhia tias yog OSC loj thiab tau tshaj tawm tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (33), immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory [62], antioxidant [63], thiab lwm yam pharmacological zog [61]. Allin kuj muaj cov khoom tsis yog sulfur uas tej zaum muaj kev sib koom ua ke lossis cov khoom ntxiv nrog OSCs [64].

Ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav ob qhov muag tsis pom kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qej extract ntawm cov kab mob ntshav qab zib ntawm 42 tus neeg mob uas tau mob peritoneal dialysis (PD), kev kho lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Cov neeg mob tau txais ib koob tshuaj ntawm 400mg ntawm tus qauv qej extract, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog rau 1 mg (1000 mcg) ntawm allin. Txoj kev siv tshuaj nyob rau hauv pawg neeg mob (qej extract pawg) yog ob zaug hauv ib hnub rau 8 lub lis piam, thaum pawg tswj hwm tau txais cov qauv kev kho mob ntxiv rau cov placebo nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txais cov qej extract, cov cim inflammatory IL-6, C reactive protein (CRP), thiab erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi (ESR) tau txo qis, thaum nyob rau hauv cov placebo pawg, a Kev txo qis tseem ceeb tsuas yog pom hauv I-6. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov teebmeem no hauv kev sim loj dua tau pom zoo [4].

2. Astaxanthin

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Astaxanthin

Xanthophyll carotenoid colourant muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Feem ntau ntawm astaxanthin (AST; 3,3'-dihydroxy-, '-carotene-4,4'-dione) raws li siv hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus yog tau los ntawm Haematococcus alga [65]. Lub Chaw Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau lees txais astaxanthin ua nutraceutical [66]. Kev tshawb fawb hauv tib neeg tau pom qhov txo qis hauv OS, dyslipidemia, thiab cov cim inflammatory tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm astaxanthin. Kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kab mob gastric inflammatory biomarkers tau ua nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev ua haujlwm dyspepsia kho nrog astaxanthin thiab qhia tias muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv CD4 ntxiv rau cov hlwb thiab txo qis hauv CD8 ntxiv rau T hlwb hauv 21 cov neeg mob Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) kho nrog 40 mg ntawm astaxanthin txhua hnub thiab 23 tus neeg mob tau txais cov placebo, yog li cov kws sau ntawv tau hais tias qhov sib txawv no qhia tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob humoral es tsis txhob siv cov lus teb cytotoxic [67]. Ntxiv mus, lawv tau piav qhia tias hauv cov qauv tsiaj, qhov twg cov khoom noj tuaj yeem ua qauv tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, astaxanthin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev mob thiab ntawm qhov ntom ntawm H. pylori [68].

Ib yam li ntawd, kev sim tshuaj placebo-tswj randomized tau ua los tshawb xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm kev tswj hwm astaxanthin ntawm lipid peroxidation, qib adiponectin, tswj glycemic, anthropometric indices, thiab insulin rhiab heev rau cov neeg mob nrog T2DM, uas yog ib qho ua rau thiab ua rau lub raum puas. Hauv pab pawg tshawb fawb, tom qab 8 lub lis piam ntawm 8 mg ntawm astaxanthin kev tswj hwm, cov ntshav adiponectin concentration tau nce thiab muaj kev txo qis hauv lub cev rog hauv lub cev (p<0.01), serum="" triglycerides,="" very-low-density="" lipoprotein="" cholesterol="" (vldl-c)levels,="" and="" systolic="" blood="" pressure="" [5].="" the="" investigators="" suggested="" that="" astaxanthin="" may="" provide="" vascular="" benefits="" and="" reduce="" the="" indicators="" of="" os="" and="" inflammation="" [69];="" however,="" their="" results="" showed="" that="" 12="" mg="" oral="" astaxanthin/day="" for="" 12="" months="" had="" no="" great="" effect="" on="" arterial="" stiffness,="" os,="" or="" inflammation="" in="" renal="" transplant="" recipients="" |70].="" nevertheless,="" it="" has="" been="" proven="" in="" animal="" models="" that="" astaxanthin="" has="" a="" protective="" effect="" on="" kidney="" damage="" by="" regulating="" inflammation="" (inducing="" cd8+="" t="" cells)[71]="" and="" oxidative="" stress-related="" nrf2/keap1="" and="" ros="" pathways="" [72].="" thus,="" although="" astaxanthin="" has="" demonstrated="" antioxidant,="" anti-inflammatory,="" and="" vascular-protective="" effects="" on="" different="" pathologies,="" more="" studies="" would="" be="" interesting="" to="" elucidate="" its="" capacity="" to="" improve="" ckd="" pathogenesis="" in="" human="">

3. Baicalin

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Baicalin

Nws yog flavone glycoside cais los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm Scutellaria baicalensis. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam nrog baicalin raws li kev kho mob ntxiv tau tsom rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm hauv daim siab fibrosis, ulcerative colitis, thiab ntshav qab zib mellitus [73,74]. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm baicalin hauv kev tswj cov kev kawm nrog rau mob ntshav qab zib thaum ntxov |75]. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm baicalin tau txheeb xyuas hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy ntawm koob tshuaj 800 mg peb zaug hauv ib hnub, thaum pawg tswj hwm tau txais cov placebo. Ob pawg tau kho thiab kawm rau 6 lub hlis. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias baicalin muaj peev xwm txo qis qib ntawm cov proteinuria thiab txhim kho lub raum kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib vim tias tom qab noj baicalin kho, superoxide dismutase (SOD) thiab glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) concentration ntawm cov neeg mob tau pom meej meej, thiab aldose reductase (AR) kev ua, NF-kB, thiab vascular endothelial kev loj hlob yam (VEGF) cov ntsiab lus txo qis heev. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau pom tias baicalin ntawm koob tshuaj 800 mg peb zaug hauv ib hnub tuaj yeem txo lub raum vascular permeability, txhim kho lub raum kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy, thiab ncua kev nce qib ntawm cov ntshav qab zib nephropathy ntawm txoj hauv kev polyol, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, tiv thaiv. inflammatory, thiab lwm yam. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los ntsuam xyuas cov teebmeem nephroprotective ntawm baicalin los ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem [8].

Kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev ua ntawm baicalin ntawm AKI hauv menyuam yaus sepsis. Qhov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam no suav nrog 50 tus neeg mob menyuam yaus uas kuaj pom tus mob sepsis, 25 tus neeg tau txais kev kho mob ntawm qhov ncauj baicalin rau 15 hnub thiab lwm tus neeg mob 25 tau txais kev kho mob nkaus xwb. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tsis yog cov ntshav urea nitrogen (BUN) lossis cov ntshav creatinine concentrations ntawm pawg tswj hwm tau hloov pauv ntau tom qab kev kho mob yooj yim, tab sis lawv tau txo qis hauv pawg baicalin adjunctive therapy. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias, raws li ob qhov ntsuas no, tias lub raum ua haujlwm ntawm pab pawg baicalin txhim kho, tej zaum vim yog kev kho baicalin adjunctive. Yog li, baicalin tuaj yeem txo qis AKI hauv cov neeg mob sepsis. Txawm hais tias txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau qhia txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm baicalin tiv thaiv AKIin pab pawg kawm no, pom tias yog qhov txo qis hauv BUN thiab creatinine qib, cov kws sau ntawv tsis tau tshaj tawm cov tshuaj noj thiab yog li qhov tsim nyog ntau npaum li cas thiab qhov teeb meem yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tom ntej [76 ].

4. Betalain

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Betalain

Lwm NPC nrog cov khoom nthuav hauv lub raum kab mob yog betalain. Betalains tau muab faib ua ob pawg: Betacyanins, uas tsim cov xim liab thiab yog tsim los ntawm condensation ntawm cyclo-DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) qauv nrog betalamic acid, thiab betaxanthines, uas tsim daj xim thiab yog synthesized los ntawm cov amino compounds sib txawv thiab balsamic acid [77] ]. Ib qho kev sim hla kev soj ntsuam kuaj xyuas seb puas noj zaub mov ntawm betalain-nplua nuj extract los ntawm liab beetroot thiab Betacyanin-nplua nuj extract ntawm Opuntia stricta txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm los hloov cov noob / protein qhia nyob rau hauv coronary artery disease (CAD) cov neeg mob. CKD yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo loj rau CAD. Cov neeg mob uas muaj CKD pom tias muaj kev kub ntxhov siab heev, thiab kab mob plawv (CVD) yog qhov ua rau mob thiab tuag rau cov neeg mob no. Qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob CAD ib txwm muaj, xws li ntshav qab zib thiab kub siab, txhais tau hais tias cov neeg mob no kuj raug rau lwm yam uas tsis yog cov kab mob uremia ntsig txog CVD, suav nrog o, oxidative kev nyuaj siab, thiab txawv txav calcium-phosphorus metabolism [78].

Nyob rau hauv ib tug randomized crossover sim, 48 txiv neej coronary artery kab mob cov neeg mob tau txais txog 50 mg ntawm betalain los yog betacyanin txhua hnub rau 2 lub lis piam nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm sib cais los ntawm lub sij hawm ntxuav tawm. Cov neeg mob tau muab faib ua peb pawg nyob ntawm qhov ntxiv: betalain-nplua nuj ntxiv ntawm liab beetroot (Beta vulgaris), ib qho Betacyanin-nplua nuj ntxiv ntawm prickly pear cactus (Opuntia stricta), thiab cov placebo. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias betalain nce sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) thiab txo qis lectin zoo li oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX1) thiab C reactive protein ntau (hs-CRP) hauv cov ntshav peripheral mononuclear hlwb (PBMCs) ntawm cov neeg mob. Cov txiaj ntsig no yuav yog vim qhov txo qis hauv OS thiab o ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm betalains. Yog li, betalains tuaj yeem cog lus lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob ntxiv hauv OS, o, thiab cov kab mob kev laus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv yog tsim nyog kom nkag siab tob txog lawv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev [9,79,80].

5. Beetroot Kua txiv

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Beetroot Kua txiv

Nws yog ib qhov chaw ntawm concentrated inorganic nitrates. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb txog cov neeg mob CKD (CKD Theem II-IV raws li K/DOQI (Kidney Outcomes Quality Initiative) cov lus qhia) los ntawm Kemmner li al. qhia tias kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kua txiv beetroot nrog ib qho nitrate load ntawm 300 mg rau cuaj tus neeg mob tau nce nitric oxide (NO) concentrations thiab txo qis rau lub raum index (RRI), uas yog cov cim qhia txog kev mob plawv, piv nrog cov placebo [10]. Qhov txiaj ntsig no tau tshwm sim ntau dua ntawm cov neeg mob CKD uas muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab nce cov hlab ntsha, uas muaj GFR qhov tseem ceeb qis dua qhov qub. Qhov kev txo qis no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib lossis mob raum tsis ua haujlwm, ob qho tib si yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov tshwm sim tom qab ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Piv nrog rau kev tswj hwm, cov ntshav creatinine, potassium, thiab GFR cov ntshav tsis tau hloov pauv ntau tom qab noj cov kua txiv beetroot. Cov piam thaj hauv ntshav concentration / qib zoo ib yam li cov placebo pawg. Cov txiaj ntsig tau tsim qhov kev txhim kho ntawm Beta vulgaris yog qhov kev xaiv kho tau zoo ntawm cov cim ntawm lub raum kev ua haujlwm, txo qis qis qis ntawm lub raum kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tuag tom qab hauv cov pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab nrog rau cov neeg mob ntshav siab thiab mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy [10].

6. Berberine (BBR)

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Berberine (BBR)

Nws yog ib qho isoquinoline alkaloid thiab yog lub ntsiab active compound cais los ntawm Rhizoma Coptis thiab Cortex Phellodendron. Cov kev tshuaj ntsuam tshiab tau pom tias berberine muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsig tshuaj, xws li txo cov ntshav qabzib, ua haujlwm antioxidant, tswj cov ntshav lipid, txo qhov mob, thiab nce cov tshuaj insulin, yog li txhim kho insulin tsis kam [81,82]. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau raug piav qhia tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib nephropathy tshuaj [83]. Cov zis microalbumin / creatinine piv (UACR) thiab GFR yog cov cim tseem ceeb uas siv los ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntshav qab zib nephropathy. Qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas randomized tau ua los saib cov teebmeem ntawm berberine cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav Cys C thiab UACR hauv cov neeg mob T2DM. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj hwm berberine ntawm ib koob ntawm 0.4 g peb zaug hauv ib hnub rau 6 lub hlis. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias berberine txhim kho cov kab mob hauv lub raum los ntawm kev txo UACR thiab cov ntshav Cys C hauv cov neeg mob T2DM, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws sau ntawv tau hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg mob hauv lawv txoj kev kawm tsawg thiab lub sijhawm soj ntsuam tsis ntev txaus, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm berberine hauv kev nce qib ntawm CKD[11]. Berberine tau pom tias tiv thaiv lub raum tubular hlwb tiv thaiv hypoxia / reoxygenation raug mob ntawm Sirt1 [84].

7. Cordycepin

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Cordycepin

Nws yog ib txwm muab los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim los ntawm Cordyceps militaris, teej tug mus rau tsev neeg Clavicipitaceae. Nws yog ib hom kab mob fungus uas muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj ib txwm siv thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, cordycepin, muaj ntau yam kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [85-87]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib thiab nephroprotective tau raug ntaus nqi rau cordycepin hauv kev tshawb fawb sim [88]. Hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam nrog cov neeg mob CKD, Cordyceps militaris tau noj 100 mg txhua hnub thiab piv nrog cov placebo (tswj pab pawg). Cordyceps militaris txo cov protein ntau ntawm TLR4, NF-kB p65, COX2, I-1, thiab TNF-. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias eGFR tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua piv nrog pawg tswj hwm tom qab 3 lub hlis ntawm kev kho mob. Qhov no tau qhia tias Cordyceps militaris tau txhim kho eGFR ntawm cov neeg mob CKD, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Cordyceps militaris ameliorated raum ua haujlwm thiab tswj cov ntshav hauv zis, BUN, thiab creatinine. Txoj kev tshawb no muab kev txhawb nqa rau qhov ua tau tias Cordyceps militaris tswj CKDevolution los ntawm kev tswj TLR4 / NF-kB redox signaling txoj kev [12].

8. Curcumin

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Curcumin

Nws yog ib feem ntawm turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) tau pom tias yog TNF blocker hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo; Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog qee qhov kev soj ntsuam tsawg tau lees paub tias curcumin muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo TGF- , IL-8, thiab TNF-c qib hauv preclinical [89] thiab kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam[90]. Muaj ntau qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob ntshav qab zib lub raum puas tsuaj, tab sis TGF- raug suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua ntawm ESRD.Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb randomized ob-dig muag placebo-tswj, cov teebmeem ntawm turmeric ntawm TGF- , IL-8, thiab TNF- qib, nrog rau cov proteinuria hauv cov zis thiab ntshav, tau tshawb xyuas hauv cov neeg mob T2DM nephropathy (n= 20) thiab pab pawg tswj hwm (n=20). Ib leeg, pawg neeg xeem tau muab ib lub tshuaj ntsiav uas muaj 500 mg turmeric, 22.1 mg ntawm uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv curcumin, muab rau txhua pluas noj (peb tsiav tshuaj txhua hnub) rau 2 hli. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov ntshav qab zib TGF- thiab IL-8 qhov tseem ceeb tau qis qis dua tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm turmeric thiab tias cov turmeric supplementation luv luv tuaj yeem txo cov proteinuria. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tau tshaj tawm txog qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev noj turmeric thaum lub sijhawm 2-hli mus sim [17]. Qhov nce ROS tuaj yeem ua rau IL-8 ntau lawm thiab ua rau txo qis glutathione, uas tuaj yeem yog vim muaj OS ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev mob hauv ESRD cov neeg mob uas muaj thiab tsis muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus 191]. Tsis tas li ntawd, redox imbalance tseem ceeb heev rau TGF- ntau lawm [47], uas tau ntev tau suav tias yog tus neeg nruab nrab ntawm lub raum fibrosis.

Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm turmeric hauv kev txo qis uric pruritus (UP) thiab hs-CRP hauv ESRD cov neeg mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws sau ntawv tau piav qhia tias cov qauv loj dua thiab lub sijhawm kho ntev dua yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom paub meej tias qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ntxiv turmeric hauv hemodialysis (HD) cov pej xeem [18]. Kev tshuaj xyuas pom tau tias curcumin, ua antioxidant, txo lub raum mob thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus [92]. Nws tau raug pom tias nws yog ib qho kev pabcuam ruaj ntseg rau kev txhim kho macroscopic proteinuria hauv cov neeg mob T2DM [93].

Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau qhia tias curcumin yog ib qho kev kho mob zoo rau kev txo qis macroscopic proteinuria, raws li tau pom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ob qhov muag tsis pom kev ua rau 46 tus neeg mob T2DM. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov neeg mob tau txais 500 mg (ib ntsiav tshuaj) ntawm curcumin peb zaug / hnub tom qab noj mov rau 16 lub lis piam. [94]. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias qhov ntau ntawm cov proteinuria tsis tu ncua tau cuam tshuam nrog rau qib ntawm kev ua kom tsis zoo ntawm creatinine tshem tawm; curcumin txo qis creatinine tshem tawm, ua rau lub raum ua haujlwm qeeb qeeb thiab, tejzaum nws rov qab ntawm kev raug mob fibrotic [94] Ntxiv nrog 6g ntawm turmeric augmented postprandial serum insulin ntau ntau tab sis tsis zoo li cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav lossis glycemic Performance index hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias turmeric tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj insulin secretion [95]. Ntawm qhov tod tes, hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev sim, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias curcumin txo qis lipid peroxidation hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg uas tsis muaj ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav qab zib mellitus CKD thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib proteinuric CKD, ua kom pom tias kev noj zaub mov noj ntawm cov turmeric muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant. muaj peev xwm antioxidant nyhuv hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis yog mob ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav qab zib mellitus CKD [15].

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho randomized placebo-tswj kev sim tshuaj xyuas cov teebmeem ntawm curcumin thiab quercetin ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntxov ntxov hauv 43 tus neeg tau txais kev lim ntshav-dependent cadaveric raum. Ib ntsiav tshuaj ntawm curcumin (480 mg) thiab quercetin (20 mg) tau muab rau cov neeg mob rau 1 lub hlis tom qab kev hloov pauv. Cov instigators ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom no tau xaus lus tias curcumin thiab quercetin tuaj yeem kho cov txiaj ntsig ntxov hauv cadaveric raum hloov pauv, tej zaum los ntawm kev ua kom heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)[19]. Zoo li kev siv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov bioflavonoids no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm HO-1, ib qho enzyme inducible uas tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Kev txhawb nqa ntawm HO-1 hauv kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev muaj peev xwm txo qis ischemia-reperfusion (IR) puas thiab alloimmunity. Tsis tas li ntawd, curcumin induced HO-1 mRNA nyob rau hauv tib neeg proximal tubule raum hlwb [96], thiab qhov induction no tej zaum yuav yog nyob ntawm cov khoom nuclear erythroid 2-txog yam 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor [97].

Ib yam nkaus li, kev tswj hwm turmeric luv luv tuaj yeem txo qis hematuria, proteinuria, thiab ntshav siab systolic hauv cov neeg mob uas rov qab los yog refractory lupus nephritis, raws li tsim nyob rau hauv randomized thiab placebo-tswj sim ntawm 24 tus neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no. Txhua tus neeg mob hauv pawg kuaj tau muab ib lub tshuaj ntsiav rau 3 lub hlis, muab 500 mg turmeric, 22.1 mg ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb curcumin (peb ntsiav tshuaj txhua hnub). Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim mus sij hawm ntev nrog kev siv tshuaj ntau dua ntawm turmeric yuav tsum tau qhia nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub raum kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob no thiab tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm CKD ntawm txawv keeb kwm [17]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau pom zoo los ntsuas qhov kev nyab xeeb luv luv thiab ntev thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm curcumin hauv pawg kawm no [98].

9. Epicatechin-3-gallate, Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Epicatechin-3-gallate, Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin

Polyphenolic constituents (los ntawm tshuaj yej tsob nroj; Camellia sinensis) muaj siab tiv thaiv inflammatory, antioxidant, thiab antimutagenic zog nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob lom. Polyphenols tso saib cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv rau cov kab mob ntev, suav nrog CKD [99]. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom xyaw hauv tshuaj yej (ntawm 400 chemicals uas tau txheeb xyuas) yog polyphenolic tebchaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog flavonoids los ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob nroj (Camellia sinensis), uas yog siab nyob rau hauv catechin (flavonoid subtype). Peb qhov loj catechins pom hauv cov tshuaj yej ntsuab tau piav qhia: epicatechin, epigallocatechin, thiab epicatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Qhov ntau tshaj thiab nthuav dav tshawb nrhiav catechin yog EGCG [99]. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no, muaj peev xwm siv EGCG hauv kev kho mob thiab tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob raum, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev mob thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab, tau raug tshuaj xyuas [100].

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev ua haujlwm antiapoptotic ntawm EGCG tuav kev cia siab rau nws txoj kev siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev los tswj lossis tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob raum. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm EGCG yog kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem molecular hauv qab, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm kev ntxhov siab lossis kev txhawb nqa-vim ROS overproduction; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau Nrf2-Keap1-Cul-3 complex, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv nuclear ntawm Nrf2 dawb, tom qab khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant (ARE) hauv thaj tsam txhawb nqa ntawm cov cytoprotective genes thiab cov encoding antioxidant enzymes, uas zoo li hloov kho los ntawm NF-KB signaling pathways. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb siv EGCG lossis tshuaj yej ntsuab hauv cov kab mob raum tau nyob hauv cov qauv tsiaj lossis kab lis kev cai ntawm tes. Yog li, cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb rau cov khoom renoprotective ntawm EGCG ntawm lub raum pathologies [101,102].

Hauv lwm cov kev tshawb fawb, cov kws sau ntawv tau soj ntsuam qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv cov sib xyaw ntawm EGCG thiab amla extract (AE) tau los ntawm Emblica officinalis, Indian gooseberry, hauv kev kho mob ntawm uremic cov ntsiab lus nrog T2DM. Ib ntsiav tshuaj EGCG / AE tau muab tshuaj rau qhov ncauj (ib ntsiav tshuaj peb zaug hauv ib hnub) rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uremic rau 3 lub hlis, siv tag nrho cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm 300 mg ntawm EGCG thiab 300 mg ntawm AE / hnub. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias 1: 1 EGCG / AE txhim kho cov ntshav qab zib biomarkers, tiv thaiv antioxidant, thiab qhov ntsuas atherogenic hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uremic. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias EGCG thiab AE muaj peev xwm siv tau rau hauv kev kho cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub xeev uremic [21,103].

10. Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau xaiv los ua "ib yam tshuaj hauv nws tus kheej" uas tau ntev tau suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj kho mob rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho mob [83]. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm polyphenols, alkaloids, thiab anthocyanins (flavonoid antioxidants), uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals [104,105]. Cov teebmeem nephroprotective ntawm pomegranate extract ntawm calcium uas muaj lithiasis txoj kev loj hlob hauv cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 18 txog 70 xyoo nrog cov pob zeb rov tshwm sim tau raug tshuaj xyuas. Kev tswj hwm txhua hnub ntawm pomegranate extract txhawb kev nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav paraoxonase (PON1) kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev txo qis hauv calcium oxalate supersaturation. PON1 yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv atherosclerotic cuam tshuam nrog high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm PON1 yog los tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm HDL thiab LDL [106]. Tsawg theem ntawm PON1 tau cuam tshuam nrog hypercholesterolemia, ntshav qab zib, thiab kab mob vascular. Kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kev tshawb pom saum toj no, cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub raum pob zeb loj hlob [23].

11. Resveratrol

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Resveratrol

Nws yog ib yam khoom phenolic (ib qho uas tsis yog-flavonoid stilbene polyphenol), thiab cov trans-isomer yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv roj ntsha tshaj plaws. Ntau qhov kev soj ntsuam hauv tsev kho mob thiab chaw kho mob tau lees paub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anticancer, thiab antioxidant zog ntawm resveratrol (RSV; 3,54'-trihydroxystilbene). Zoo li kev txawj ntse, kev txhawb nqa hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro kev sim ntawm RSV hauv lub raum puas tau qhia tias nws tuaj yeem txo cov fibrosis, mesangial expansion, OS, thiab inflammatory cytokine theem thaum txhim kho lub raum qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm [107]. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm RSV cov thawj coj ntawm Nrf2 thiab NF-kBexpression hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis tau lim ntshav nrog CKD, cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau ua qhov kev sim ua ob qhov muag tsis pom kev sib tw hauv 20 tus neeg mob uas tsis tau lim ntshav nrog CKD, thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Kev tswj hwm RSV ntawm koob tshuaj 500 mg ib hnub rau lub sijhawm 4 lub lis piam tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntsiab lus no [108]. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nyob rau hauv lwm qhov kev sim ua ob qhov muag tsis pom kev, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib peritoneal tau tswj hwm qhov qis (150 mg / hnub) lossis siab (450 mg / hnub) koob tshuaj ntawm trans-resveratrol ntau dua 12 lub lis piam, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv qhov nruab nrab. Ultrafiltration (UF) ntim thiab qib. Ntxiv mus, angiogenesis biomarkers, VEGF, fetal siab kinase -1 (Flk-1), thiab angiopoietin (Ang) -2 tus nqi hauv peritoneal dialysate effluent (PDE) tau poob qis hauv cov neeg mob kho nrog. koob tshuaj RSV siab, thaum cov qib ntawm angiopoietin receptor (Tie-2) thiab thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1) nyob rau hauv cov effluent tau augmented nrog RSV kev kho mob. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tau hais tias kev tswj hwm RSV muaj cov txiaj ntsig angiogenesis-txhim kho hauv cov neeg mob PD thiab txhawb nqa lub raum ua haujlwm ultrafiltration [26]. Ntxiv mus, kev kho RSV txo qis hauv cov ntshav creatinine ntau thiab khaws GFR, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm rau lub raum. Yog li, cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhia tias RSVlowered insulin tsis kam thiab OS thiab nce pAkt: Akt qib hauv platelets thiab urinary ortho-tyrosine tshem tawm [25].

Ib yam li ntawd, kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua los ntawm 24 tus neeg mob kuaj pom tias muaj ntshav siab ntawm 45 thiab 65 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm endothelial uas tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw ob qhov muag tsis pom kev placebo-tswj crossover sim. Txhua tus neeg mob tau noj ib koob tshuaj trans-resveratrol (300 mg) lossis ib qho placebo. Kev ntsuas ntshav siab (BP), aortic systolic ntshav siab (SBP), thiab brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tau saib xyuas ua ntej thiab 1.5 teev tom qab kev cuam tshuam. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm yog tias FMD tau nce ntxiv hauv cov poj niam tab sis tsis yog txiv neej cov neeg mob tau txais trans-resveratrol. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias cov neeg mob ntshav siab nrog kev ua haujlwm endothelial, feem ntau yog cov poj niam thiab cov neeg muaj LDL-c siab, tau pom tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv endothelial kev ua haujlwm nrog ib koob ntawm trans-resveratrol, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv peripheral thiab central BP ranges [27,109] .

Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv lwm qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ob qhov muag tsis pom kev siv cov placebo tswj tau ua nyob rau hauv 60 cov neeg mob uas muaj kev kuaj mob ntawm T2DM thiab albuminuria, resveratrol tau random muab tshuaj ntawm 500 mg ib hnub twg lossis cov placebo rau lub sijhawm 90 hnub, thiab losartan yog. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tshuaj ntawm 12.5 mg ib hnub rau txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov nruab nrab cov zis albumin / creatinine concentrations tau txo qis hauv pawg RSV, thiab tso zis albumin tshem tawm, yoo ntshav ntshav qabzib (FPG), insulin, homeostasis qauv ntsuas ntawm insulin tsis kam (HOMA-IR), thiab glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc). ) tag nrho cov poob qis hauv pawg RSV piv nrog cov placebo pab pawg, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm RSV tau kwv yees los ntawm kev ntsuas cov ntshav ntawm SOD1, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), thiab catalase (CAT). Cov neeg mob kho nrog RSV pom tau tias muaj kev nce qib hauv cov ntshav ntawm SOD1, GSH-Px, CAT, thiab TSIS TAU piv nrog cov placebo, lees paub nws cov kev ua antioxidant. Cov kws sau ntawv tau xaus lus tias RSV tuaj yeem ua tau zoo raws li kev sib txuas rau angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) kom txo qis cov zis albumin tawm hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy [24].

Raws li tau hais tseg, cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm RSV zoo li yog qhov dav, nrog txo cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm RSV ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub raum puas. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab tag nrho cov kev ua ntawm RSV ntawm lub raum raug mob [107,110].

12. Sulforaphane

Renoprotective nroj tsuag:Sulforaphane

Nws yog ib qho bioactive tivthaiv uas yog ib tug precursor ntawm glucosinolate nyob rau hauv cruciferous zaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas broccoli sprouts (BS) [111,112]. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm sulforaphane (SFN;1-isothiocyanate-4-methyl-sulphinyl butane) hauv CKD cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv lossis txo qis ntawm cov txheej txheem raug mob thiab hloov pauv hauv lub raum ua haujlwm; qhov txo qis ntawm cov proteinuria los ntawm kev ua kom tsis zoo los ntawm kev nce mRNA qhia ntawm Nrf2, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), HO-1, thiab SOD; thiab txo OS. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau tus qauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub raum qhia tias SFN tuaj yeem ua rau ntau txoj hauv kev hauv lub raum puas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ameliorating o thiab OS, thiab yog li tuaj yeem sawv cev rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev xaiv los txhim kho qhov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm CKD cov neeg mob los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob. CKD [113-115].

Ib yam li ntawd, cov tshuaj BS tau ua lag luam ntev ntev rau cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm SFN, uas ua rau NrF2 txoj hauv kev thiab cov noob caj noob ces qis, suav nrog Phase 2 enzymes. Feem ntau cov khoom lag luam muaj BSsupplements muaj BS ntim raws li glucoraphanin (GR), uas yog hydrolyzed rau SFN los ntawm txoj hnyuv microbiota, uas synchronously augments cov dej num ntawm Phase 2 enzymes xws li NQO1 thiab glutathione S-transferase (GST), thiab kuj Nrf2 signaling, nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub so ntswg tib neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov koob tshuaj tsawg (30 mg ib hnub) ntawm GF muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau tib neeg [99]. Ib yam li ntawd, cov teebmeem antioxidant raug ntaus nqi rau SF, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug randomized placebo-tswj ob-dig muag mus sib hais nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej cov neeg mob kuaj pom muaj rog daim siab. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau qhia tias kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog BS extract suav nrog SF precursor GRis yuav ua tiav hauv kev txhim kho lub siab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txo qis OS txoj hauv kev [100]. Ib yam li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau ua los ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm BS hmoov (BSP) nrog cov ntsiab lus sulforaphane siab, uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam cov inflammatory biomarkers hauv cov neeg mob kuaj mob T2DM, uas tau muab faib ua peb txoj kev kho mob. pab pawg rau 4 lub lis piam. Cov pab pawg tau txais 10 g/d BSP(n{15}}), 5g/d BSP(n{17}}), lossis placebo(n{18}}). Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov ntshav siab C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) thiab interleukin -6(IL-6) qis dua hauv pawg A (10g / d koob) piv nrog pawg tswj hwm tom qab- kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no tau qhia tias sulforaphane-nplua nuj BSP muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory hauv cov neeg mob T2DM [28]. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau soj ntsuam cov kev ua ntawm kev ncua ntev nrog BS ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory (TNF- , IL-6, IL-1 , thiab CRP) hauv 40 yam kev noj qab haus huv. Cov theem kev kho mob koom nrog BS kev tswj hwm ntawm koob tshuaj 30g ib hnub rau 10 lub lis piam thiab cov theem tom qab yog 10 lub lis piam ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab noj BS dawb. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias IL-6 thiab CRP qhov tseem ceeb tau txo qis heev nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tswj hwm thiab tias cov cim kev mob tshwm sim tau khaws cia qis [116]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm SF hauv kev tshawb fawb randomized nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas noj qab haus huv thiab ua kom pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov zaub cruciferous nrog cov ntsiab lus SF siab ntawm cov kab mob ntshav qab zib tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb yog qhov txo qis hauv IL-6, CRP, thiab soluble TNF receptor (sTNFRI), ua tib zoo hais tias cov concentrations siab dua ntawm cov neeg uas muaj GSTM1-null genotypes [117].

13. Cistanche

Cistancheyog ib hom kab mob parasitic uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sov thiab arid suab puam. nws muaj nplua nuj zoo compoundsphenylethanoid glycosidesxws liEchinacosidethiabacteosideraws li zoo raws li cov flavonoids polysaccharides thiab terpene thiab lwm yam. nws muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawmtiv thaiv qaug zog, txhim kho thiab tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv raum thiabkho mob raum, tiv thaiv lub siab,anti-inflation, tiv thaiv neurons thiab tiv thaiv cerebral ischemic thiab ischemic reperfusion raug mob, thiab lwm yamcistanchenyob rau lub sij hawm ntev kuj tuaj yeemanti-aging, ncua lub neej ncua kev cuam tshuam.

cistanche thiab cistanche extract txhim kho lub raum ua haujlwm